Covering: Up to the end of 2019.Agarwood is a resinous portion of Aquilaria trees, which is formed in response to environmental stress factors such as physical injury or microbial attack. It is very ...sought-after among the natural incenses, as well as for its medicinal properties in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. Interestingly, the chemical constituents of agarwood and healthy Aquilaria trees are quite different. Sesquiterpenes and 2-(2-phenethyl)chromones with diverse scaffolds commonly accumulate in agarwood. Similar structures have rarely been reported from the original trees that mainly contain flavonoids, benzophenones, xanthones, lignans, simple phenolic compounds, megastigmanes, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, etc. This review summarizes the chemical constituents and biological activities both in agarwood and Aquilaria trees, and their biosynthesis is discussed in order to give a comprehensive overview of the research progress on agarwood.
The application of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as SERS‐active platforms in multiplex volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection is still unexplored. Herein, we demonstrate that MIL‐100 (Fe) ...serves as an ideal SERS substrate for the detection of VOCs. The limit of detection (LOD) of MIL‐100(Fe) for toluene sensing can reach 2.5 ppm, and can be even further decreased to 0.48 ppb level when “hot spots” in between Au nanoparticles are employed onto MIL‐100 (Fe) substrate, resulting in an enhancement factor of 1010. Additionally, we show that MIL‐100(Fe) substrate has a unique “sensor array” property allowing multiplex VOCs detection, with great modifiability and expandability by doping with foreign metal elements. Finally, the MIL‐100(Fe) platform is utilized to simultaneously detect the different gaseous indicators of lung cancer with a ppm detection limit, demonstrating its high potential for early diagnosis of lung cancer in vivo.
MIL‐100(Fe) is demonstrated to serve as an ideal “SERS‐active” and “sensory array” platform for multiplex sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as the gaseous biomarkers of diseases with low Raman cross‐sections.
A
bstract
We exploit the correspondence between twisted homology and quantum group to construct an algebra explanation of the open string kinematic numerator. In this setting the representation ...depends on string modes, and therefore the cohomology content of the numerator, as well as the location of the punctures. We show that quantum group root system thus identified helps determine the Casimir appears in the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov connection, which can be used to relate representations associated with different puncture locations.
Gut microbiota plays an important role in pig health and production. Still, availability of sequenced genomes and functional information for most pig gut microbes remains limited. Here we perform a ...landscape survey of the swine gut microbiome, spanning extensive sample sources by deep metagenomic sequencing resulting in an expanded gene catalog named pig integrated gene catalog (PIGC), containing 17,237,052 complete genes clustered at 90% protein identity from 787 gut metagenomes, of which 28% are unknown proteins. Using binning analysis, 6339 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were obtained, which were clustered to 2673 species-level genome bins (SGBs), among which 86% (2309) SGBs are unknown based on current databases. Using the present gene catalog and MAGs, we identified several strain-level differences between the gut microbiome of wild boars and commercial Duroc pigs. PIGC and MAGs provide expanded resources for swine gut microbiome-related research.
Aerobic exercise has been identified as an effective strategy for transiently enhancing inhibitory control, an ability to suppress irrelevant distractors while focusing on relevant information in ...facilitating the implementation of goal‐directed behavior. The purpose of this study was to employ a go/no‐go version of the redundant‐target task and event‐related potential to further determine whether inhibitory control at the perceptual and response levels as well as their underlying processing capacity and neuroelectric alterations are differentially affected by a single bout of aerobic exercise. Twenty‐seven young adults completed the redundant‐target task while electroencephalogram was recorded before and after one 20‐min bout of moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise and a sitting control condition on separate days in counterbalanced order. Although behavioral outcomes of mean‐level performance did not differ between intervention conditions, time‐related decreases in processing capacity for the faster responses were only observed following rest. Aerobic exercise resulted in maintained P3b amplitude from pretest to posttest for all trial types while decreased P3b amplitude from pretest to posttest during single‐target and redundant‐target trials was observed following rest. Further, the time‐related changes in P3b amplitude were positively correlated with improvements in task performance following exercise. These findings suggest that a short bout of aerobic exercise selectively counteracts the time‐related decrements in processing capacity as well as neuroelectric processing of attention and conflict suppression that contribute to behavioral outcomes of inhibitory control.
A single bout of aerobic exercise selectively counteracts time‐related decrements in general information processing efficiency measured by system factorial technology (SFT) as well as neuroelectric correlates (i.e., P3‐ERP) of conflict suppression but not response inhibition when both these processes are required in a novel inhibitory control task. Further, P3b amplitude and task performance changes after exercise are positively correlated. The significance of these findings lies in the identification of conflict suppression as the isolated sub‐process that can transiently benefit from exercise.
Aim: specify the spike color inheritance in einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) hybrids. Methods: reciprocal hybrids between the black-spikeed UA0300282 and white-spikeed UA0300311 cultivated ...einkorn accessions were created with the use of the “single cross” method. Four generations were analyzed using the segregation analysis method: P1, P2, F1, and F2 at autumn and spring sowing. Results: it was found that for the combination UA0300311 × UA0300282 at autumn sowing, the most suitable inheritance model is MX2-EA-AD, which implies the presence of two main genes with an equal additive effect plus polygene systems with an additive-dominant effect. In the plants of spring sowing, spike color is described by the MX2-CD-AD model, which suggests the presence of two major genes with full dominant effect plus polygenes with additive-dominant effect. In the reciprocal combination UA0300282 × UA0300311, the optimal model that describes best the spike color dispersion in plants of autumn sowing is MX2-ADI-AD, which suggests the presence of two main genes with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect plus polygenes with the additive-dominant effect. Distribution of the spring-sowing plants in terms of the spike color is well described by the MX2-ADI-ADI model – two main genes with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect plus a system of polygenes also with an additive-dominant-epistatic effect. The genes manifest themselves differently in the trait control depending on the weather conditions determined by the sowing time. In the group of direct combination plants (UA0300311 × UA0300282) of autumn sowing, heritability determined by the main gene is 97%, while that determined by polygenes is 2.7%; at spring sowing, these values are 67% and 32% respectively. In the reciprocal combination (UA0300282 × UA0300311) of autumn sowing, the main genes heritability effect is 99%, and the polygenic system accounts for 1%; in plants of spring sowing, respectively, 72%, and 28%. Conclusions: on the basis of the spike color expressiveness in the crossing combination of the einkorn kinds of wheat UA0300311 × UA0300282, the parental forms differ in two main genes and polygenes. The ratio of spike color heritability components depends on the growing conditions: at autumn sowing, 97–99 % of heritability is determined by the main genes, the polygenes account for 1–3 % of phenotypic variability; at spring sowing, the heritability component increases to 28–33 % due to the polygenic complex.
Expansion of Einstein-Yang-Mills amplitude Fu, Chih-Hao; Du, Yi-Jian; Huang, Rijun ...
The journal of high energy physics,
09/2017, Letnik:
2017, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
In this paper, we study from various perspectives the expansion of tree level single trace Einstein-Yang-Mills amplitudes into linear combination of color-ordered Yang-Mills amplitudes. By ...applying the gauge invariance principle, a programable recursive construction is devised to expand EYM amplitude with arbitrary number of gravitons into EYM amplitudes with fewer gravitons. Based on this recursive technique we write down the complete expansion of any single trace EYM amplitude in the basis of color-order Yang-Mills amplitude. As a byproduct, an algorithm for constructing a polynomial form of the BCJ numerator for Yang-Mills amplitudes is also outlined in this paper. In addition, by applying BCFW recursion relation we show how to arrive at the same EYM amplitude expansion from the on-shell perspective. And we examine the EYM expansion using KLT relations and show how to evaluate the expansion coefficients efficiently.
청금석 부조 는 W. B. 예이츠가 중국을 주제로 다룬 시이다. 중국적인 것에 대한 제한된 지식으로 인해 시인은 그 테마를 정확하게 이해하지 못한 채 중국 청 금석 부조에서 받은 영감을 받아 이 시를 썼다. 이 논문은 중국적 요소가 지닌 본래의 의 미와 예이츠의 재현을 자세히 비교함으로써 예이츠의 상상력이 실제로는 오독에서 비롯 된 것이며 따라서 일부 ...예이츠 학자들의 해석이 오해에 근거하고 있음을 보여준다.
“Lapis Lazuli” is a poem by W. B. Yeats on a Chinese subject. Because of his limited knowledge of Chinese things, the poet wrote a poem just as he was inspired by a Chinese lapis lazuli carving without correctly understanding its theme. By digging into the sources and drawing a detailed comparison between the original meaning of the Chinese elements and Yeats’s representation, this paper shows Yeats’s imagination has actually been founded on his misunderstanding. And it refutes some Yeats scholars’ interpretations that are based on misunderstandings.
The purpose of this study was to determine the (a) dose–response effects of cognitively engaging movement games (CEMGs) designed to improve aerobic capacity, interference control (IC), and academic ...performance, (b) relationship between intervention‐induced improvements in aerobic capacity, IC, and academic performance, and (c) moderation effect of IC on the relationship between aerobic capacity and academic performance in overweight children. Seventy‐five overweight children (aged 11.23 ± 0.60 years; 48% males) participated in this study conducted in Taipei during the 2018/2019 academic year and were randomly assigned to the low‐dose (20‐min) intervention, high‐dose (40‐min) intervention, and control groups and completed a Stroop test, half‐mile run, and language and mathematics tests before and after a 10‐week afterschool program. Both intervention groups showed similar improvements in outcomes of aerobic capacity (ds > 0.80), IC (ds > 0.76), and academic performance (ds > 0.90) from the pretest to posttest, whereas these outcomes were unchanged for the control group. Furthermore, improved IC moderated the association between improvements in aerobic capacity and academic performance. Our findings suggest that CEMG with varying doses is feasible and effective for improving aerobic capacity, IC, and academic performance in overweight children and that the association between improvements in aerobic capacity and academic performance depends on the intervention effects on IC.
The unit-cell-size comparable ultrathin nanowires(UCNWs) with typical cross-sectional dimension of around one nanometer, comparable to the unit-cell-size of inorganic materials, exhibit unique ...properties different from traditional nanomaterials. However, their facile and general synthesis is still a great challenge, since it not only demands the anisotropic growth in one direction, but also needs to completely restrict the growth in the other two dimensions. In this review, we summarize and introduce a strategy to prepare UCNWs using nanoclusters as synthons, which is promising to be a general synthesis method for UCNWs. We start with the introduction to the definition and characteristics of UCNWs. Subsequently, the key problems of UCNWs synthesis are analyzed from the perspective of thermodynamics and the strategy of using nanoclusters as synthons is proposed. Then, the related works about synthesis of UCNWs using magic-size clusters(MSCs) and polyoxometalate(POM) clusters as synthons are introduced and carefully discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities are also elaborately discussed. This review is anticipated to provide a panoramic sketch and future directions toward the general synthesis of UCNWs.
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