The acid deposition has been considered to be a severe environmental issue
in China. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and concentrations of water soluble ions (NO3-, Cl−, Ca2+, K+,
F−, NH4+, ...Mg2+, SO42-, and Na+) in the
precipitation samples collected from 320 cities during 2011–2016 across China were measured. The mean concentrations of F−,
NO3-, and SO42- were in the order of winter (6.10,
19.44, and 45.74 µeq L−1) > spring (3.45, 13.83, and 42.61 µeq L−1) > autumn (2.67, 9.73, and 28.85 µeq L−1) > summer (2.04, 7.66, and 19.26 µeq L−1). Secondary ions
(SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+) and F− peaked in the
Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Sichuan basin (SB). Crustal ions (i.e.
Ca2+, Mg2+), Na+, and Cl− showed the highest
concentrations in the semi-arid regions and the coastal cities. The statistical methods confirmed that the mean anthropogenic
contribution ratios to SO42-, F−, NO3-, and
NH4+ at a national scale were 46.12 %, 71.02 %, 79.10 %, and
82.40 %, respectively. However, Mg2+ (70.51 %), K+ (77.44 %), and Ca2+ (82.17 %) mostly originated from the
crustal source. Both Na+ (70.54 %) and Cl− (60.42 %) were
closely linked to sea salt aerosols. On the basis of the stepwise
regression (SR) analysis, it was proposed that most of the secondary
ions and F− were closely related to gross industrial production
(GIP), total energy consumption (TEC), vehicle ownership, and N fertilizer
use, but the crustal ions (Ca2+ and K+) were mainly controlled by
the dust events. The influence of dust days, air temperature, and wind speed
on ions increased from southeast China (SEC) to central China, and then to
northwest China (NWC), whereas the influence of socioeconomic factors on
acid ions (SO42- and NO3-) displayed the higher value in
east China.
Leaf functional traits reflect species’ adaptive strategies and habitat requirements. Examining intra-specific variations and their underlying drivers can aid in comprehending species differentiation ...and adaptation. Here, we investigated the leaf functional traits of Buddleja macrostachya tetraploids and octaploids across 18 sites in the Sino-Himalayan region. The habitat environmental variables were also recorded. In this study, leaf functional traits showed a considerable differentiation in both tetraploid and octaploid B. macrostachya. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the octaploid cytotypes displayed higher specific leaf area, leaf total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, water-use efficiency, and light-use efficiency in contrast to the tetraploid plants. These functional leaf traits exhibited different plasticity levels in both taxa. A positive link was found between habitat altitude and soil total P concentration and the geographic distribution of the B. macrostachya complex, using RDA and Pearson’s correlation. Our findings suggest that both tetraploid and octaploid B. macrostachya exhibited divergent ecological strategies, conservative and acquisitive strategies, respectively. The ecological adaptability of species within the B. macrostachya complex is enhanced by the combination of divergent ecological strategies and high phenotypic plasticity of distinct key ecological traits. Furthermore, abiotic environmental factors influenced the allopatric geographic distribution pattern of the B. macrostachya complex in the Sino-Himalayan region.
Lectin receptor-like protein kinases (LecRLKs) have been shown to be involved in plants' responses to various biotic and abiotic stresse factors. Cerasus humilis is an important fruit species widely ...planted for soil and water conservation in northern China due to its strong tolerance to drought and salinity stresses. In this study, a total of 170 LecRLK family genes (125 G-types, 43 L-types and 2 C-types) were identified in the newly released whole-genome sequences of C. humilis. Furthermore, nine representative LecRLK genes in young plants of C. humilis under varying drought and salinity stresses were selected for qRT-PCR analysis. Our systematic comparative analyses revealed the active participation of these nine LecRLK genes in the salt and drought stress responses of C. humilis. The results from our study have provided a solid foundation for future functional verification of these LecRLK family genes and will likely help facilitate the more rapid and effective development of new stress resistant Cerasus humilis cultivars.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Heavy loadings of sulfate aerosol trigger haze formation and pose great damage to human health in Taiwan Island. Nevertheless, high-resolution spatiotemporal variation of ambient sulfate across ...Taiwan Island still remained unknown because of the scarce monitoring sites. Thus, we developed a novel ensemble model named extreme gradient boosting coupled with geographically and temporally weighted regression (XGBoost-GTWR) to predict the high-resolution sulfate concentration (0.05°) based on satellite data, assimilated meteorology, and the output of chemical transport models (CTMs). The result suggested that XGBoost-GTWR model outperformed other five models in predicting the sulfate concentration with the highest
R
2
value (
R
2
= 0.58) and the lowest relative mean square error (RMSE = 1.96 μg/m
3
). Besides, the transferability of the XGBoost-GTWR model was also validated based on the ground-level sulfate data in 2019. The result suggested that the
R
2
value of the extrapolation equation (0.53) did not show notable decrease compared with the 10-fold cross-validation result (0.58), indicating that the model was robust to predict the sulfate concentration. The ambient sulfate concentration in Taiwan Island displayed featured spatial variation with the highest one in Southwest Taiwan and the lowest one in Northeast Taiwan, respectively. It was assumed that the higher anthropogenic emission combined with the adverse meteorological condition led to the higher sulfate level in the southwestern coastal region. The ambient sulfate concentration exhibited significantly seasonal variation with the highest value in spring (5.65 ± 0.84 μg/m
3
), followed by those in winter (5.45 ± 1.25 μg/m
3
) and autumn (4.60 ± 0.80 μg/m
3
), and the lowest one in summer (3.80 ± 0.65 μg/m
3
). The higher sulfate concentration in spring was mainly contributed by the dense biomass burning and scarce rainfall amount. The present study develops a novel model to capture the high-resolution sulfate map and provides basic data for effective regulations of air pollution and epidemiological studies.
The emerging remote collaboration in a virtual environment calls for quickly generating high-fidelity 3D humans with cloth from a single image. To estimate clothing geometry and topology, parametric ...models are widely used but often lack details. Alternative approaches based on implicit functions can generate accurate details but are limited to closed surfaces and may not produce physically correct reconstructions, such as collision-free human avatars. To solve these problems, we present ImplicitPCA, a framework for high-fidelity single-view garment reconstruction that bridges the good ends of explicit and implicit representations. The key is a parametric SDF network that closely couples parametric encoding with implicit functions and thus enjoys the fine details brought by implicit reconstruction while maintaining correct topology with open surfaces. We further introduce a collision-aware regression network to ensure the physical correctness of cloth and human. During inference, an iterative routine is applied to an input image with 2D garment landmarks to obtain optimal parameters by aligning the cloth mesh projection with the 2D landmarks and fitting the parametric implicit fields with the reconstructed cloth SDF. The experiments on the public dataset and in-the-wild images demonstrate that our result outperforms the prior works, reconstructing detailed, topology-correct 3D garments while avoiding garment-body collisions.
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•Build a large-scale 3D shape retrieval benchmark that supports multi-modal queries.•Evaluate the 26 3D shape retrieval methods using 3 types of metrics.•Solicit and identify state-of-the-art methods ...and promising related techniques.•Perform detailed analysis on diverse methods w.r.t accuracy and efficiency.•Make benchmark and evaluation tools freely available to the community.
Large-scale 3D shape retrieval has become an important research direction in content-based 3D shape retrieval. To promote this research area, two Shape Retrieval Contest (SHREC) tracks on large scale comprehensive and sketch-based 3D model retrieval have been organized by us in 2014. Both tracks were based on a unified large-scale benchmark that supports multimodal queries (3D models and sketches). This benchmark contains 13680 sketches and 8987 3D models, divided into 171 distinct classes. It was compiled to be a superset of existing benchmarks and presents a new challenge to retrieval methods as it comprises generic models as well as domain-specific model types. Twelve and six distinct 3D shape retrieval methods have competed with each other in these two contests, respectively. To measure and compare the performance of the participating and other promising Query-by-Model or Query-by-Sketch 3D shape retrieval methods and to solicit state-of-the-art approaches, we perform a more comprehensive comparison of twenty-six (eighteen originally participating algorithms and eight additional state-of-the-art or new) retrieval methods by evaluating them on the common benchmark. The benchmark, results, and evaluation tools are publicly available at our websites (http://www.itl.nist.gov/iad/vug/sharp/contest/2014/Generic3D/, 2014, http://www.itl.nist.gov/iad/vug/sharp/contest/2014/SBR/, 2014).
Detecting atmospheric bioaerosols in a quantitative way is highly desirable for public health and safety. This work demonstrates that surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a simple and rapid ...analytical technique for the detection of atmospheric bioaerosols, on a Klarite substrate. For both simulated and ambient bioaerosols, this detection assay results in an increase in the enhancement factor of the Raman signal. We report a strong SERS signal generated by bioaerosols containing living
Escherichia coli
deposited on Klarite. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SERS mapping can be used to estimate the percentage of airborne, living
Escherichia coli
. Moreover, Klarite provides differently distinct SERS spectra at different bacterial growth phases, indicating its potential to identify changes occurring in the bacterial envelope. Finally, we applied SERS for the rapid detection of
Escherichia coli
in ambient bioaerosols without using time-consuming and laborious culture processes. Our results represent rapid, culture-free and label-free detection of airborne bacteria in the real-world environment.
We present a SERS-based Klarite interface for the rapid and culture-free detection and quantification of atmospheric bioaerosols in the real-world environment.
Image-guided drawing can compensate for a lack of skill but often requires a significant number of repetitive strokes to create textures. Existing automatic stroke synthesis methods are usually ...limited to predefined styles or require indirect manipulation that may break the spontaneous flow of drawing. We present an assisted drawing system to autocomplete repetitive short strokes during a user’s normal drawing process. Users draw over a reference image as usual; at the same time, our system silently analyzes the input strokes and the reference to infer strokes that follow the user’s input style when certain repetition is detected. Users can accept, modify, or ignore the system’s predictions and continue drawing, thus maintaining fluid control over drawing. Our key idea is to jointly analyze image regions and user input history to detect and predict repetition. The proposed system can effectively reduce the user’s workload when drawing repetitive short strokes, helping users to create results with rich patterns.
Background
Muscle mass and muscle quality assessed by computed tomography (CT) have been associated with poor prognosis in oncology and surgery patients, but the relevant evidence was limited in ...older patients. We hypothesized that muscle mass and muscle quality indicators derived from opportunistic chest CT images at the 12th thorax vertebra level (T12) could predict in‐hospital death, length of hospital stay (hospital LOS), and hospital costs among older patients in acute care wards.
Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study. Older patients admitted to the acute geriatric wards of a teaching hospital were continuously recruited. Chest CT images were analysed using SliceOmatic software. The skeletal muscle area, skeletal muscle radiodensity, and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) at the T12 level were measured. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated using skeletal muscle area divided by body height squared.
Results
We included 1135 older patients with a median age of 80 years (interquartile range, 73 to 85 years), 498 (44%) were women, 148 (13%) patients died during hospitalization. The SMI and SMD were negatively correlated to age (ρ = −0.11, P < 0.001, ρ = −0.30, P < 0.001, respectively), whereas the IMAT was positively correlated to age (ρ = 0.27, P < 0.001). Compared with survivors, dead patients had significantly lower SMI in men (P < 0.001) but not in women (P = 0.760). After adjusting for sex and other potential confounders, the SMI increased per 1 cm2/m2, odds ratio (OR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93 to 0.99 and SMD (increased per 1 Hounsfield unit, OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.96) were negatively and independently associated with in‐hospital death, whereas the IMAT (increased per 1 cm2, OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.14) was independently and positively associated with in‐hospital death. None of the SMI, SMD, or IMAT was significantly related to long hospital LOS or increased hospital costs.
Conclusions
Chest CT‐derived muscle mass indicator (T12 SMI) and muscle quality indicators (T12 SMD and T12 IMAT) may serve as prognostic factors for predicting in‐hospital death among older inpatients. Opportunistic chest CT images might be an overlooked resource for measuring muscle mass and muscle quality and for predicting short‐term prognosis in older inpatients.
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