•Smartphone is becoming pervasively used and the prevalence of problematic smartphone use is increasing.•Characteristics and main findings of 14 studies on association of problematic smartphone use ...with poor sleep quality, depression, and anxiety were systematically reviewed.•Positive associations between the problematic smartphone usage and sleep quality, depression, and anxiety were evidenced.•High levels of problematic smartphone use elevated risk of poor sleep quality, depression, and anxiety.
To quantitatively assess the association of problematic smartphone use (PSU) with poor sleep quality, depression, and anxiety, we reviewed current evidence from observational studies and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. The EBSCO PsycARTICLES, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched, and 14 studies were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. We calculated odds risk and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using random-effect or fixed-effect models. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 and chi2 statistics. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on country, adjusted variables, the methods of statistical analysis, outcome measures and publication year. We found significantly increased risks of poor sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in people with PSU. Our findings highlight the necessity of managing the PSU. However, further studies are required to confirm the results due to the high heterogeneity and methodological limitations.
This paper investigates whether and how the disclosure tone of earnings conference calls predicts future stock price crash risk. Using US public firms’ conference call transcripts from 2010 to 2015, ...we find that firms with less optimistic tone of year-end conference calls experience higher stock price crash risk in the following year. Additional analyses reveal that the predictive power of tone is more pronounced among firms with better information environment and lower managerial equity incentives, suggesting that extrinsic motivations for truthful disclosure partially explain the predictive power of conference call tone. Our results shed light on the long-term information role of conference call tone by exploring the setting of extreme future downside risk, when managers have conflicting incentives either to unethically manipulate disclosure tone to hide bad news or to engage in ethical and truthful communication.
Simultaneously achieving a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), ultrashort exciton lifetime, and suppressed concentration quenching in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) ...materials is desirable yet challenging. Here, a novel acceptor–donor–acceptor type TADF emitter, namely, 2BO‐sQA, wherein two oxygen‐bridged triarylboron (BO) acceptors are arranged with cofacial alignment and positioned nearly orthogonal to the rigid dispirofluorene‐quinolinoacridine (sQA) donor is reported. This molecular design enables the compound to achieve highly efficient (PLQYs up to 99%) and short‐lived (nanosecond‐scale) blue TADF with effectively suppressed concentration quenching in films. Consequently, the doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) base on 2BO‐sQA achieve exceptional electroluminescence performance across a broad range of doping concentrations, maintaining maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) at over 30% for doping concentrations ranging from 10 to 70 wt%. Remarkably, the nondoped blue OLED achieves a record‐high maximum EQE of 26.6% with a small efficiency roll‐off of 14.0% at 1000 candelas per square meter. By using 2BO‐sQA as the sensitizer for the multiresonance TADF emitter ν‐DABNA, TADF‐sensitized fluorescence OLEDs achieve high‐efficiency deep‐blue emission. These results demonstrate the feasibility of this molecular design in developing TADF emitters with high efficiency, ultrashort exciton lifetime, and minimal concentration quenching.
A novel acceptor–donor–acceptor type molecular skeleton is designed to realize blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence with ultrahigh emission efficiencies (up to 99%), nanosecond exciton lifetimes, and effectively suppressed concentration quenching in films. The doped and nondoped organic light‐emitting diodes attain high external quantum efficiencies up to 32.0% and 26.6%, respectively.
We predicted two stable two-dimensional materials of carbon and bismuth elements, namely BiC and Bi2C monolayers. The stabilities of two monolayers were examined by cohesive energy, Born criteria, ...first-principle MD simulations and phonon spectra, respectively. By including the spin-orbit coupling effects, the BiC monolayer is a metal and the Bi2C monolayer possesses a narrow direct (indirect) band gap of 0.403 (0.126) eV under the HSE06 (GGA-PBE) functional. For the adsorption of CO2 molecules, the BiC and Bi2C monolayers have three stable adsorption sites C2, T3 and T4 with the adsorption energies as -0.57, -0.51 and -0.81 eV, and the activation ability on the adsorption as T4 > T3 > C2. These consequences make the BiC and Bi2C monolayers to be promising adsorbents to capture CO2 gas, the Bi2C monolayer to be well photovoltaics and optoelectronics material, and the BiC monolayer to be ideal battery and electronics materials, respectively.
Predicted metallic BiC monolayer with the excellent CO2 adsorption site as C2, and predicted semiconducting Bi2C monolayer with the excellent CO2 adsorption site as T4 Display omitted .
Liquid desiccant dehumidification has received much attention in recent years due to its effectiveness in humidity control and great potential in energy saving of buildings. At the same time, indoor ...air quality (IAQ) problems associated with liquid desiccant dehumidification also aroused people's attention since IAQ has a great significance for human health and life. This paper focuses on the impact of liquid desiccant dehumidification on IAQ and reviews recent achievements and progress in this respect. The recent researches in this field are reviewed on: (1) The removal capability of liquid desiccant solution for volatile organic compounds. (2) The remove, filter, kill or deactivation effect of liquid desiccant solution on bacteria and virus. (3) The capture function of liquid desiccant dehumidification system for particulate matter. (4) The carryover of liquid desiccant.
Although the neurobiological basis for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not yet been fully clarified, converging lines of evidence implicated a role of neuroinflammation in the etiological pathway ...of this disorder. The present article provided a systematic review of publications regarding the involvement of different components of neuroinflammation in postmortem brain samples of subjects diagnosed with ASD. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted, which was supplemented by manual searching of reference lists of included articles. The screening for study and extraction of data were conducted by two independent authors after reviewing the abstract and full text. Of 356 articles identified in the literature search, 27 articles comprising 685 subjects (ASD = 313, controls = 351, schizophrenia = 10, epilepsy = 11) covering 19 brain regions met the eligibility criteria for this review. The search yielded 11 studies that estimated astrocyte-related changes, 8 studies that reported microglia-related changes, 2 studies that evaluated oligodendrocyte-related changes, 3 studies that examined changes in glial cells without differentiating cell types, 6 studies that evaluated the levels of cytokines and chemokines, and 7 studies that measured other inflammatory parameters in postmortem brain samples of subjects with ASD compared with controls. Although a few studies noted a lack of changes in neuroinflammatory markers in postmortem brain samples of ASD subjects, the majority of studies supported the presence of neuroinflammation in the neurobiological pattern of ASD as shown by activation of astrocytes and microglia together with abnormal levels of cytokines and chemokines.
The development of novel green solvents has been one of the hottest subjects in green chemistry. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have logically and naturally emerged in the search for more ...biocompatible and biodegradable solvents. In this study, some basic physical properties, including viscosity, conductivity, and density, of 20 DESs prepared from choline chloride and various hydrogen-bond donors were investigated systematically. In addition, the biocompatibility of the tested DESs was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) bacteria. A closed bottle test was used to assess the biodegradability of these DESs. The results demonstrated that these choline chloride-based DESs were excellent solvents with extremely low toxicity and favorable biodegradability. Finally, DESs were used to extract a flavonoid (rutin) from the flower buds of Sophora japonica. An extraction efficiency of 194.17 ± 2.31 mg·g–1 was achieved using choline chloride/triethylene glycol containing 20% water. The excellent properties of DESs indicate their potential as promising green solvents for the extraction of rutin with favorable prospects for wide use in the field of green technology.
The transport of molecules and ions through biological nanopores is governed by interaction networks among restricted ions, transported molecules, and residue moieties at pore inner walls. However, ...identification of such weak ion fluctuations from only few tens of ions inside nanopore is hard to achieve owing to electrochemical measurement limitations. Here, we developed an advanced frequency method to achieve qualitative and spectral analysis of ion interaction networks inside a nanopore. The peak frequency fm reveals the dissociation rate between nanopore and ions; the peak amplitude am depicts the amount of combined ions with the nanopore after interaction equilibrium. A mathematical model for single‐molecule frequency fingerprint achieved the prediction of interaction characteristics of mutant nanopores. This single‐molecule frequency fingerprint is important for classification, characterization, and prediction of synergetic interaction networks inside nanoconfinement.
An advanced frequency spectral method was developed for the qualitative and spectral analysis of the ion interaction networks inside a nanopore. This method decodes the frequency fingerprint from the highly noisy ionic current trace, which achieves classification, characterization, and prediction of the ion interaction networks inside a nanopore.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proved to serve as a critical role in cancer development and progression. However, little is known about the pathological role of lncRNA metastasis-associated ...lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in pancreatic cancer patients. The aims of this study are to measure the expression of lncRNA MALAT1 in pancreatic cancer patients and to explore the clinical significance of the lncRNA MALAT1. Using qRT-PCR, the expression of lncRNA MALAT1 was measured in 126 pancreatic cancer tissues and 15 adjacent non-cancerous tissues. In the present study, our results indicated that lncRNA MALAT1 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues (
P
< 0.001), and positively correlated with clinical stage (early stages vs. advanced stages,
P
< 0.001), tumor size (<2 vs. ≥2 cm,
P
= 0.004), lymph node metastasis (negative vs. positive,
P
< 0.001), and distant metastasis (absent vs. present,
P
= 0.001) in pancreatic cancer patients. Furthermore, we also found that lncRNA MALAT1 overexpression was an unfavorable prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer patients (
P
< 0.001), regardless of clinical stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. Finally, increased lncRNA MALAT1 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for pancreatic patients through multivariate analysis (
P
= 0.018). In conclusion, overexpression of lncRNA MALAT1 serves as an unfavorable prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer patients.
•UiO-66-NH2 catalyzes the reaction of aldehydes with cyanoacetate or malononitrile.•The catalyst is heterogeneous, recyclable and shows size effects on substrates.•It is proposed that the activity ...may arise from a dual acid–base character.
The amino-functionalized metal–organic framework of Zr(IV) with 2-aminoterephthalate, UiO-66-NH2, was studied as a solid catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation. The material can efficiently catalyze the condensation reaction of benzaldehyde with ethyl cyanoacetate or malononitrile in highly polar solvents such as DMF, DMSO and ethanol. The catalytic system has also been tested for various aromatic aldehydes, the conversion easily reaching more than 90% under mild conditions. It was demonstrated that the catalytic process is heterogeneous and shows size effects, characteristic of a porous catalyst. The catalyst can be recycled without losing its framework integrity and catalytic activity. The catalytic activity has been compared with dimethyl 2-aminoterephthalate and the isostructural amino-free MOF (UiO-66). The superior performance of UiO-66-NH2 has been attributed to the site-isolated acid–base bifunctional character. It has been proposed that the Zr site in close proximity to the amino group activates aldehydes to promote the formation of aldimine intermediates from the aldehydes and the amino group.
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