Both snow manipulation experiments and ambient measurements during the Polar Sunrise Experiment 2000 at Alert (Alert2000) indicate intensive photochemical production of nitrous acid (HONO) in the ...snowpack. This process constitutes a major HONO source for the overlying atmospheric boundary layer in the Arctic during the springtime, and sustained concentrations of HONO high enough that upon photolysis they became the dominant hydroxyl radical (OH) source. This implies a much greater role for OH radicals in Arctic polar sunrise chemistry than previously believed. Although the observations were made in the high Arctic, this finding has a significant implication for the boundary layer atmospheric chemistry in Antarctica during sunlit seasons and in the mid to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during the winter and spring seasons when approximately 50% of the land mass may be covered by snow.
Background
Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is associated with increased risk of death in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Mitral and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion ...(MAPSE and TAPSE, respectively) are measures of longitudinal systolic function and are reduced in human patients with HCM.
Hypotheses
Cats with HCM have lower MAPSE and TAPSE compared to control cats; lower MAPSE and TAPSE are associated with the presence of congestive heart failure (CHF) and reduced survival time.
Animals
64 cats with HCM and 27 healthy cats. Forty‐five cats with HCM were not showing clinical signs, and 19 had CHF.
Methods
Retrospective study. Anatomic M‐mode from the left apical 4‐chamber view was used to record MAPSE from the free wall (MAPSE FW) and septum (MAPSE IVS) and TAPSE.
Results
Compared to controls, cats with HCM had lower MAPSE IVS (controls 5.2 4.6–5.6 mm, asymptomatic HCM 4.7 4.1–5.2 mm, HCM with CHF 2.6 2.5–3.2 mm, P < .001), MAPSE FW (controls 5.9 5.3–6.2 mm, asymptomatic HCM 4.7 4.1–5.1 mm, HCM with CHF 2.8 2.4–3.2 mm) and TAPSE (controls 8.6 7.4–10.2 mm, asymptomatic HCM 7.2 6.3–8.2 mm, HCM with CHF 4.6 4.1–5.4 mm), with the lowest in the CHF group. Univariate survival analysis showed a shorter survival in cats displaying lower MAPSE IVS, MAPSE FW, and TAPSE.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
MAPSE and TAPSE were lower in cats with HCM than in control cats and were lowest in CHF, suggesting that systolic longitudinal dysfunction is present in cats with HCM. MAPSE and TAPSE have potential prognostic significance.
We tested the hypothesis that the date of the onset of net carbon uptake by temperate deciduous forest canopies corresponds with the time when the mean daily soil temperature equals the mean annual ...air temperature. The hypothesis was tested using over 30 site-years of data from 12 field sites where CO2 exchange is being measured continuously with the eddy covariance method. The sites spanned the geographic range of Europe, North America and Asia and spanned a climate space of 16°C in mean annual temperature. The tested phenology rule was robust and worked well over a 75 day range of the initiation of carbon uptake, starting as early as day 88 near Ione, California to as late as day 147 near Takayama, Japan. Overall, we observed that 64% of variance in the timing when net carbon uptake started was explained by the date when soil temperature matched the mean annual air temperature. We also observed a strong correlation between mean annual air temperature and the day that a deciduous forest starts to be a carbon sink. Consequently we are able to provide a simple phenological rule that can be implemented in regional carbon balance models and be assessed with soil and temperature outputs produced by climate and weather models.
The feasibility of using a stochastic form of Pennes bioheat model within a 3-D finite element based Kalman filter (KF) algorithm is critically evaluated for the ability to provide temperature field ...estimates in the event of magnetic resonance temperature imaging (MRTI) data loss during laser induced thermal therapy (LITT). The ability to recover missing MRTI data was analyzed by systematically removing spatiotemporal information from a clinical MR-guided LITT procedure in human brain and comparing predictions in these regions to the original measurements. Performance was quantitatively evaluated in terms of a dimensionless L 2 (RMS) norm of the temperature error weighted by acquisition uncertainty. During periods of no data corruption, observed error histories demonstrate that the Kalman algorithm does not alter the high quality temperature measurement provided by MR thermal imaging. The KF-MRTI implementation considered is seen to predict the bioheat transfer with RMS error <; 4 for a short period of time, Δ t <; 10 s, until the data corruption subsides. In its present form, the KF-MRTI method currently fails to compensate for consecutive for consecutive time periods of data loss Δ t >; 10 sec.
•Three dimensional laminar MDH flow in an open annular channel.•Quasi-analytical solution for velocity profile and flow rate.•The maximum experimental velocity is determined using Particle Image ...Velocimetry.•The flow rate is maximized when the radii ratio is about fifteen percent.
In this paper, we research theoretically and experimentally the 3D laminar flow of an electrolyte in an annular open channel driven by a Lorentz force. The annular duct is formed by two concentric electrically conducting cylinders and limited by an insulating bottom wall. The interaction between a uniform magnetic field along the axial direction and a radial electric current produces a Lorentz force that drives the fluid in the azimuthal direction, producing a Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow. The effect of the three walls is analyzed in detail by considering the gap between the cylinders as well as the depth of the channel. The steady flow is solved using a Galërkin method with orthogonal Bessel-Fourier series. A quasi-analytic approximation for velocity is found. Velocity profiles are explored by varying the depth of the channel and the gap between the cylinders in order to show the effect of the walls on the flow configuration. Results are compared with experimental data provided by PIV technique as well as in those found in scientific literature.
Structure-controlled synthesis of gold nanostructures (AuNSs) induced by temperature in a nonaqueous urea-choline chloride deep eutectic solvent (DES) is reported. Modulation of nanostructures with ...well-defined structures and shapes is obtained by simply varying the reaction temperature. The supramolecular soft template provided by the DES structure and its viscosity at different temperatures drives directed growth of crystalline gold and self-assembly producing star-shaped AuNSs. Additionally, the effect of AuNS shape and surface area on their catalytic activity towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H sub(2)O sub(2)) has been tested. With the advantage of their high surface area and presence of high-index facets in the edge of the star arms, the star-shaped nanostructures showed superior electrocatalytic activity than other morphologies. The use of DES as a green chemistry platform for the synthesis of shape-controlled Au nanostructures with high catalytic properties may offer new avenues for fuel cell and biosensor applications.
Background
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is a useful estimate of right ventricular function in humans. Reference intervals for dogs have been generated, but the value of ...measuring TAPSE in other diseases, or investigating the association between TAPSE and outcome, is unknown.
Hypothesis
TAPSE is lower in Boxer dogs with ≥50 VPCs/24 h on Holter than in dogs with fewer ventricular ectopics, and lower TAPSE is associated with a shorter survival time.
Animals
Fifty Boxer dogs that presented for investigation of syncope or suspected arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) at a veterinary teaching hospital (2004–2011).
Methods
Retrospective study. Clinical records, Holter, and echocardiographic data were reviewed. TAPSE was measured in a blinded manner on stored echocardiographic cine‐loops using anatomic M‐mode. Outcome information was obtained and death was classified as cardiac or noncardiac. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
TAPSE was lower in Boxers with ≥50 VPCs/24 h (13.9 ± 4.04 mm) than Boxers with <50 VPCs/24 h (16.8 ± 3.21 mm; P < .001). TAPSE <15.1 mm was associated with shorter cardiac survival time in all dogs (P = .004) and also in dogs without left ventricular dysfunction (P = .035). When controlling for other variables, including ventricular tachycardia on Holter and left ventricular systolic dysfunction, multivariable analysis showed that TAPSE remained an independent predictor of time to cardiac death (HR >4.09, 95%CI 1.15–16.9, P < .029).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
TAPSE offers prognostic value for Boxer dogs, including those with apparently normal systolic function and ≥50 VPCs/24 h on Holter analysis.
Abstract We present the largest optical photometry compilation of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) with redshifts (z). We include 64813 observations of 535 events (including upper limits) from 28 February ...1997 to 18 August 2023. We also present a user-friendly web tool grbLC which allows users to visualise photometry, coordinates, redshift, host galaxy extinction, and spectral indices for each event in our database. Furthermore, we have added a Gamma-ray Coordinate Network (GCN) scraper that can be used to collect data by gathering magnitudes from the GCNs. The web tool also includes a package for uniformly investigating colour evolution. We compute the optical spectral indices for 138 GRBs, for which we have at least 4 filters at the same epoch in our sample, and craft a procedure to distinguish between GRBs with and without colour evolution. By providing a uniform format and repository for the optical catalogue, this web-based archive is the first step towards unifying several community efforts to gather the photometric information for all GRBs with known redshifts. This catalogue will enable population studies by providing light curves (LCs) with better coverage since we have gathered data from different ground-based locations. Consequently, these LCs can be used to train future LC reconstructions for an extended inference of the redshift. The data gathering also allows us to fill some of the orbital gaps from Swift in crucial points of the LCs, e.g., at the end of the plateau emission or where a jet break is identified.
Highlights • Early readmission after heart failure hospitalization was often due to cardiovascular comorbidity. • ACE/ARB use was associated with lesser risk for early readmission/death. • ...Hypokalemia, but not hyperkalemia, was associated with increased cardiovascular readmission/death. • Despite detailed physical examination data from a trial cohort, readmission prediction was limited.
We investigate dominant processes modulating the coastal West African atmospheric boundary layer during August and September 2006. We evaluated boundary-layer attributes using upper air soundings, ...tower-based observations, and information from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalyses. Boundary-layer thermodynamics exhibited continental and maritime attributes in response to influences from regional onshore (sea to land) flows and local land–atmosphere exchanges of energy and moisture. Onshore flows transported maritime air inland and gave rise to deep (>1 km) nighttime mixed layers whose heat and moisture content resulted in maximum virtual potential temperatures of 306 K and specific humidities up to 20 g kg
−1
. The presence of the Saharan Air Layer corresponded with capping inversions greater than 4 K and lapse rates exceeding 7 K km
−1
above the mixed layer. Mixed layers at these times became deeper than expected (≈1 km) because dust layer events were often concurrent with strong onshore flows. Despite diurnally variable land–atmosphere fluxes of sensible and latent heat that reached maximum values of 200 and 400 W m
−2
, respectively, the mixed-layer depth exhibited little diurnal variation due to the influences of onshore flows. Daytime heating of the land, the upward transport of moisture, and onshore flows produced boundary layers with high convective available potential energy that often exceeded 3,000 J kg
−1
. These results demonstrate that the atmospheric boundary-layer thermodynamics in western Senegal can be favorable for storm development during both day and night. Mesoscale and regional models applied in this region should include several processes controlling the boundary-layer attributes to realistically estimate the energy available for storm development.
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