Increasingly, immigration policies are understood as structural determinants, rooted in racism, nativism, and ethnocentrism, which raise serious public health concerns for Latinx adolescents’ mental ...health. Our objective was to examine how immigration policy enforcement affects mental health of Latinx youth raised in a county with an aggressive interior immigration enforcement program. From 2009 to 2021, Gwinnett County, GA, led the nation in deportations under the 287(g) program as a “universal enforcement model,” where local law enforcement were deputized to detain undocumented immigrants, primarily through traffic violations. From June to July 2022, we followed a participatory action research approach with two groups of Latinx youth who grew up in Gwinnett County. In total, 10 youth took photos related to the research question, and engaged in facilitated dialogue using photovoice guide SHOWED/VENCER for four, 2-hour sessions that were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed following grounded theory principles to arrive at a conceptual model codeveloped and validated by youth. Youth described how 287(g) led to policing and deportation in their communities, fueling stereotypes, and discrimination that criminalized Latinx immigrants. Youth linked immigration enforcement policies like 287(g) to exclusionary systems that contributed to fear, marginalization, and loss in their communities, bringing experiences of sadness, grief, isolation, hopelessness, and low self-worth. From youth-driven research, we identified mental health implications of the 287(g) program among Latinx youth. The cascading harms of immigration enforcement policies highlight the need to address these policies and identify immediate strategies to promote Latinx youth mental health.
The objective of the study was to examine the characteristics of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating physiotherapy interventions for low back pain (LBP) that specified a language-grounded ...eligibility criterion and the proportion of people being excluded consequently.
This is a meta-epidemiological study of RCTs evaluating at least one type of physiotherapy intervention for treatment or prevention of LBP. Records were retrieved from Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), LILACS, and SciELO from inception to May 2021. We retrieved metadata of each record from PEDro and extracted from included studies: country of recruitment, language-grounded eligibility criterion, and the number of consequent exclusions (if specified).
This study included 2,555 trials. A language-grounded eligibility criterion was specified in 463 trials (18.1%); the proportion was higher in trials conducted in North America and Europe, published after 2000, investigating cognitive and behavioral interventions, and including large sample size. Of these 463 trials, 75 trials (16.2%) reported a total number of 2,152 people being excluded due to lack of language proficiency, equivalent to 12.5% of randomized participants.
Nearly one in five physiotherapy clinical trials on LBP excludes people based on language proficiency, compromising the evidence to manage LBP in minority populations.
Pd
1
/Au
20
@ZrO
2
nanoreactors with the gold nuclei confined within zirconia shell and decorated with Pd were synthesized using an Au:Pd molar ratio of 20:1. The presence of even trace amounts of Pd ...on the gold nuclei surface, significantly enhanced catalytic activity of Pd
1
/Au
20
@ZrO
2
nanoreactors in the 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol transformation by four times compared to Au@ZrO
2
. In addition, the Pd
1
/Au
20
@ZrO
2
nanoreactors remained highly stable during the reaction even under harsh conditions, i.e. without nanoreactors cleaning before the subsequent catalytic run, comparable with the stability of Au@ZrO
2
nanoreactors. The presently proposed synthesis technique allowed to prepare nanoreactors of uniform structure even with relatively unstable bimetallic NPs (Pd/Au) as nuclei.
Graphical Abstract
Parechovirus A (PeV-A, Parechovirus, Picornaviridae) are human pathogens associated with mild to severe gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in young children. While several studies have ...investigated the association of PeV-A with human disease, little is known about its epidemiology or detection in Latin America. Between the years 2014 and 2015, a total of 200 samples were collected from Panamanian pediatric patients aged < 16 years old exhibiting symptoms associated with respiratory (n = 64), gastrointestinal (n = 68), or neurological (n = 68) diseases. These samples were gathered from patients who had previously received negative diagnoses for the main respiratory viruses, rotavirus, and neurological viruses like herpes virus, enterovirus, and cytomegalovirus. The presence of PeV-A was analyzed by real time RT-PCR.Eight positive PeV-A infections (4.0%, 95% CI: 1.7 to 7.7) were detected: two in respiratory samples (3.0%, 95% CI: 0.3 to 10.8), five in gastrointestinal samples (7.3%, 95% CI: 2.4 to 16.3), and one in cerebrospinal fluid (1.5%, 95% CI: 1.4 to 7.9). The study provides evidence of PeV-A circulation in Panama and the data collectively, remarked on the importance of considering PeV-A in the Panamanian pediatric diagnostic landscape, especially when conventional testing for more common viruses yields negative results.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
It has been assumed that oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) in solid tumors is severely reduced due to cytochrome c oxidase substrate restriction, although the measured extracellular oxygen ...concentration in hypoxic areas seems not limiting for this activity. To identify alternative hypoxia-induced OxPhos depressing mechanisms, an integral analysis of transcription, translation, enzyme activities and pathway fluxes was performed on glycolysis and OxPhos in HeLa and MCF-7 carcinomas. In both neoplasias exposed to hypoxia, an early transcriptional response was observed after 8h (two times increased glycolysis-related mRNA synthesis promoted by increased HIF-1α levels). However, major metabolic remodeling was observed only after 24h hypoxia: increased glycolytic protein content (1–5-times), enzyme activities (2-times) and fluxes (4–6-times). Interestingly, in MCF-7 cells, 24h hypoxia decreased OxPhos flux (4–6-fold), and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and glutaminase activities (3-fold), with no changes in respiratory complexes I and IV activities. In contrast, 24h hypoxia did not significantly affect HeLa OxPhos flux; neither mitochondria related mRNAs, protein contents or enzyme activities, although the enhanced glycolysis became the main ATP supplier. Thus, prolonged hypoxia (a) targeted some mitochondrial enzymes in MCF-7 but not in HeLa cells, and (b) induced a transition from mitochondrial towards a glycolytic-dependent energy metabolism in both MCF-7 and HeLa carcinomas.
Most COVID-19 survivors report experiencing at least one persistent symptom after recovery, including sympathovagal imbalance. Relaxation techniques based on slow-paced breathing have proven to be ...beneficial for cardiovascular and respiratory dynamics in healthy subjects and patients with various diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the cardiorespiratory dynamics by linear and nonlinear analysis of photoplethysmographic and respiratory time series on COVID-19 survivors under a psychophysiological assessment that includes slow-paced breathing. We analyzed photoplethysmographic and respiratory signals of 49 COVID-19 survivors to assess breathing rate variability (BRV), pulse rate variability (PRV), and pulse-respiration quotient (PRQ) during a psychophysiological assessment. Additionally, a comorbidity-based analysis was conducted to evaluate group changes. Our results indicate that all BRV indices significantly differed when performing slow-paced breathing. Nonlinear parameters of PRV were more appropriate for identifying changes in breathing patterns than linear indices. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of PRQ exhibited a significant increase while sample and fuzzy entropies decreased during diaphragmatic breathing. Thus, our findings suggest that slow-paced breathing may improve the cardiorespiratory dynamics of COVID-19 survivors in the short term by enhancing cardiorespiratory coupling via increased vagal activity.
Adherence to medications is a critical element in diabetes management.
To investigate patient-related factors associated with adherence to antidiabetic treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes in ...primary health-care units.
A cross-sectional study among patients receiving diabetes care in 18 primary care units in Mexico City was conducted. Data were collected from medical records and medical interviews. Adherence to antidiabetic therapy and patient-related factors associated with adherence were evaluated through a self-administered questionnaire. Socio-demographic, clinical, behavioral (self-care activities including a healthy diet, exercise or physical activity, self-monitoring of blood glucose testing, and foot care), and patients-adherence-related factors (health-care provider-patient communication; daily and social activities, and support network; alternative treatment beliefs; comorbidity, diabetes symptoms, and treatment; side effects and treatment access) were compared between the adherent and non-adherent group.
Of 319 outpatients, 48.3% were adherent to their antidiabetic therapy. In the adjusted analysis, patient-related factors associated to adherence were exercise and physical activity self-care behavior (OR=1.26; 95%CI 1.09–1.46), treatment interference with daily activities (OR=0.27; 95%CI 0.14–0.52), not satisfied with resolution of questions by the physician (OR=0.42; 95%CI 0.19–0.94), independently to increased cardiovascular risk and insulin treatment.
A low proportion of outpatients with T2D with regular primary care were adherent to diabetes treatment and this was associated with patient-related factors like answering patients’ treatment-related questions by the physician. This information may be useful to identify patients at risk for low adherence, and to guide the design of quality-of-care strategies, like diabetes education programs to address suboptimal adherence in patients, and health-care professional communication skills training, particularly in primary care health systems.
•Adherence to treatment is a major challenge in patients with type 2 diabetes.•Around one half of patients with type 2 diabetes are not adherent to antidiabetic treatment.•Better interaction of patients with health professionals to resolve doubts/questions might improve adherence.•Access to diabetes self-management education programs increase patients´ adherence.
Pd.sub.1/Au.sub.20@ZrO.sub.2 nanoreactors with the gold nuclei confined within zirconia shell and decorated with Pd were synthesized using an Au:Pd molar ratio of 20:1. The presence of even trace ...amounts of Pd on the gold nuclei surface, significantly enhanced catalytic activity of Pd.sub.1/Au.sub.20@ZrO.sub.2 nanoreactors in the 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol transformation by four times compared to Au@ZrO.sub.2. In addition, the Pd.sub.1/Au.sub.20@ZrO.sub.2 nanoreactors remained highly stable during the reaction even under harsh conditions, i.e. without nanoreactors cleaning before the subsequent catalytic run, comparable with the stability of Au@ZrO.sub.2 nanoreactors. The presently proposed synthesis technique allowed to prepare nanoreactors of uniform structure even with relatively unstable bimetallic NPs (Pd/Au) as nuclei.
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•In E. coli the SOS response is induced to cope with DNA damage.•DNA damage must be transformed into single-stranded DNA prior to SOS induction.•RecB, recO, recJ and xonA are needed ...in the process when DNA is damaged by gamma rays.•Mutant strains were treated with MMS, EMS, MMC or UV and SOS induction was evaluated.•The importance of each gene in the process depends on the DNA damaging agent used.
DNA is exposed to the attack of several exogenous agents that modify its chemical structure, so cells must repair those changes in order to survive. Alkylating agents introduce methyl or ethyl groups in most of the cyclic or exocyclic nitrogen atoms of the ring and exocyclic oxygen available in DNA bases producing damage that can induce the SOS response in Escherichia coli and many other bacteria. Likewise, ultraviolet light produces mainly cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers that arrest the progression of the replication fork and triggers such response. The need of some enzymes (such as RecO, ExoI and RecJ) in processing injuries produced by gamma radiation prior the induction of the SOS response has been reported before. In the present work, several repair-defective strains of E. coli were treated with methyl methanesulfonate, ethyl methanesulfonate, mitomycin C or ultraviolet light. Both survival and SOS induction (by means of the Chromotest) were tested. Our results indicate that the participation of these genes depends on the type of injury caused by a genotoxin on DNA.
