•We develop a new method of poverty decomposition that is residual-free, subperiod additive, and time-reversion consistent.•Our method is based on more realistic assumptions than existing ...decomposition methods.•Our method integrates the growth-redistribution and sector-based decompositions.•An empirical application to the Philippines for the 1985–2009 period is provided.•The factors contributing to the observed poverty change vary across regions and over time in the Philippines.
In this paper, we propose a new method of poverty decomposition. Our method remedies the shortcomings of existing methods and has some desirable properties such as time-reversion consistency and subperiod additivity. Our decomposition integrates the existing methods of growth-redistribution decomposition and sector-based decomposition, because it allows us to decompose the change in poverty into growth and redistribution components for each group (e.g., regions or sectors) in the economy. Our decomposition works well in cases where only partial data are available for some periods. It is also flexible and can be extended to have the following six components: population shift, within-region redistribution, between-region redistribution, nominal growth, inflation, and methodological change components. The empirical application of the six-way decomposition to the Philippines for the period 1985–2009 shows that important policies for poverty reduction may differ across regions. For example, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao would need growth-enhancing policies, whereas Eastern Visayas would need policies to improve the income distribution. Our decomposition method has a wide applicability and may complement the poverty profile approach.
Using household data for rural northern Vietnam between 1993 and 2014, we find that the ethnic minority group continued to lag behind the majority group in various development indicators despite the ...overall improvement in living standards. Our regression and decomposition analyses show that the structural differences between the two groups are an important cause of persistent development gap. However, the nature of structural differences changed over time and no single source of structural difference explains the persistent gap. We argue that more minority‐appropriate policies are needed to lift poor minority households out of poverty further and reduce the development gap.
► We simulate the impact of recent food inflation on poverty in the Philippines. ► The impact on poverty is heterogeneous across household types and locations. ► The poorest of the poor are among the ...most vulnerable groups.
We simulate the impact of food inflation between June 2006 and June 2008 on poverty across different areas and between agricultural and non-agricultural households. We explicitly treat the spatial heterogeneity in food inflation and the differences in consumption and production patterns across households by merging household expenditure survey and price datasets at the provincial level or lower. Although some of the poor agricultural households may have escaped poverty, the poorest of the poor, whether they are in an agricultural household or not, are severely and adversely affected by the food inflation.
Estimating poverty measures for disabled people in developing countries is often difficult, partly because relevant data are not readily available. We extend the small-area estimation developed by ...Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw (2002, 2003) to estimate poverty by the disability status of the household head, when the disability status is unavailable in the survey. We propose two alternative approaches to this extension: Aggregation and Instrumental Variables Approaches. We apply these approaches to data from Tanzania and show that both approaches work. Our estimation results show that disability is indeed positively associated with poverty in every region of mainland Tanzania.
We study the differential impacts of public and private sources of health spending on health outcomes using a triple difference approach. We find that private health spending has on average a higher ...health‐promoting effect than public health spending. This result is robust with respect to the choice of outcome measure and covariates in the regression and driven primarily by the countries with ineffective governments. Once we restrict our sample to countries with effective governments, private health spending is found to be no better than public health spending in improving the health outcome.
Absenteeism of health workers in developing countries is common and can severely undermine the reliability of the health system. Therefore, it is important to understand where the prevalence of ...absenteeism is high. We develop a simple imputation method that combines a Service Delivery Indicators survey and a Service Provision Assessment survey to estimate the prevalence of absenteeism of health workers at the level of regions in Tanzania. The resulting estimates allow one to identify the regions in which the prevalence of absenteeism is significantly higher or lower than the national average and help policymakers determine priority areas for intervention.
A 62-year-old female developed stage4 gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) on day 109 following an allogeneic cord blood transplant for relapsed refractory angioimmunoblastic T-cell ...lymphoma. GVHD went into remission 4 weeks after receiving the steroid (mPSL 1 mg/kg), but abdominal bloating started to emerge at the same time. A diagnosis of intestinal pneumatosis was made on day 158 after a CT scan revealed submucosal and serosal pneumatosis in the entire colon, and intestinal pneumatosis was identified as the cause. Fasting and reducing steroid use have helped. the abdominal symptoms, and the pneumatosis disappeared on day 175. No more flare-ups occurred, and the steroid was successfully stopped. After allogeneic transplantation, intestinal pneumatosis is a rather uncommon complications. Its pathogenesis is thought to be influenced by GVHD or steroids. Treatments for the disease may be incompatible with one another, and the response in individual cases needs to be studied in detail.
F-box and WD40 domain protein 7 (FBXW7) is a component of the SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein (SCF) complex that mediates the ubiquitination of diverse oncogenic target proteins. The exploration of FBXW7 ...mutations in human primary cancer has revealed three mutation hotspots at conserved arginine residues (Arg
, Arg
, and Arg
) in the WD40 domain, which are critical for substrate recognition. To study the function of human FBXW7
, the most frequent mutation in human malignancies, we generated a novel conditional knockin mouse line of murine Fbxw7
corresponding to human FBXW7
. Systemic heterozygous knockin of the Fbxw7
mutation resulted in perinatal lethality due to defects in lung development, and occasionally caused an eyes-open at birth phenotype and cleft palate. Furthermore, mice carrying liver-specific heterozygous and homozygous Fbxw7
alleles cooperated with an oncogenic Kras mutation to exhibit bile duct hyperplasia within 8 months of birth and cholangiocarcinoma-like lesions within 8 weeks of birth, respectively. In addition, the substrates affected by the mutant Fbxw7 differed between the embryos, embryonic fibroblasts, and adult liver. This novel conditional knockin Fbxw7
line should be useful to gain a more profound understanding of carcinogenesis associated with mutation of FBXW7.
A 34‐year‐old woman received umbilical cord blood transplantation for refractory T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia after salvage therapy with alemtuzumab. She developed right angular cheilitis on the ...46th day after transplantation, which worsened after receiving systemic steroid therapy for extensive chronic graft versus host disease. The treatment dosage of acyclovir (ACV), ganciclovir, and vidarabine ointment was not effective due to ACV‐resistant mutations of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) in the thymidine kinase domain. Foscarnet is expected to be effective against ACV‐resistant HSV‐1 infection. However, it could not be used because the patient developed renal dysfunction. Several viral thymidine kinase mutations related to ACV resistance were found in the patient's sample. Nevertheless, amenamevir, a helicase‐primase complex inhibitor, was effective in our patient who was significantly immunocompromised after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). ACV‐resistant HSV infection after allo‐HSCT is an rare but important complication in the era of low‐dose long‐term ACV prophylaxis. To date, there is no established treatment against ACV‐resistant HSV infection. This case report showed that amenamevir could be a promising treatment option for ACV‐resistant HSV infection in patients with renal failure after allo‐HSCT.
PDF
