A K2500 superconducting ring cyclotron with 6-sectors is being constructed at RIKEN as one of the energy boosters of the existing K540 ring cyclotron. The bending magnet for beam injection should be ...superconducting. Required fields are about 4 T and the radius of curvature of the coils is about 1.2 m. Its design was finalized for real production based on successful results of the R&D coils. In this paper the final design will be described with the status of the fabrication.
N-Acetyl-
d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) was produced from chitin by use of crude enzyme preparations. The efficient production of GlcNAc by cellulases derived from
Trichoderma viride (T) and
Acremonium ...cellulolyticus (A) was observed by HPLC analysis compared to lipase, hemicellulase, and pectinase. β-Chitin showed higher degradability than α-chitin when using cellulase T. The optimum pH of cellulase T was 4.0 on the hydrolysis of β-chitin. The yield of GlcNAc was enhanced by mixing of cellulase T and A.
The selective and efficient production of
N-acetyl-
d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) was achieved from flake type of α-chitin by using crude enzymes derived from
Aeromonas hydrophila H-2330.
Efficient ...(yield=77%) production of GlcNAc was achieved from flake type of α-chitin by crude enzymes derived from
Aeromonas hydrophila H-2330.
To assess serial changes in blood pressure and its circadian variation following a lacunar stroke, the authors studied 7 patients who developed a single lacunar infarction in either the internal ...capsule or the corona radiata. Blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored noninvasively for twenty-four hours by an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases of the strokes. In the acute and chronic phases, the authors also measured urinary excretion of catecholamines every 6 hr, and serum cortisol concentration at 9:00, 17:00, and 21:00 hr. The patients were free from antihypertensive agents during the study. The twenty-four-hour averages of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the chronic phase were lower than those in the acute phase (P < 0.05). A nighttime fall in blood pressure was observed in the subacute and chronic phases (P < 0.05), but not in the acute phase. Urinary excretion of epinephrine at night in the acute phase was significantly higher than that in the chronic phase (P < 0.05). Serum levels of cortisol at 17:00 and 21:00 hr in the acute phase also exceeded those in the chronic phase (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The authors conclude that an increased secretion of epinephrine and cortisol might, at least in part, contribute to a high blood pressure and a lack of circadian variation in blood pressure in the acute phase of lacunar stroke.
We investigated the in vitro effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release from monocytes. Peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils ...were obtained from healthy donors (n = 8). Neutrophils alone, neutrophils plus monocytes, and monocytes alone were incubated with and without G-CSF (10 ng/ml) and were studied for TNF-alpha release; monocytes subsequently were stimulated by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide LPS at 10 and 1,000 ng/ml). Neutrophils alone did not produce TNF-alpha after LPS stimulation irrespective of G-CSF treatment. TNF-alpha release from monocytes was suppressed significantly by pretreatment with G-CSF in the presence of neutrophils (P < 0.01). Suppression of TNF-alpha release after LPS was not observed when monocytes were preincubated with G-CSF in the absence of neutrophils. TNF-alpha release from monocytes stimulated by LPS was not inhibited when monocytes were incubated with the supernatant from G-CSF-activated neutrophils. Pretreatment with G-CSF inhibited intracellular TNF-alpha production, as measured by flow cytometry, of monocytes stimulated by LPS (P < 0.05). These data suggest that neutrophils activated by G-CSF directly suppress TNF-alpha release from monocytes stimulated by LPS.
The expression, distribution, and some aspects of the regulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in rat intestinal epithelial cells were examined. Cells prepared by a perfusion technique ...provided a pure preparation of epithelial cells and could be manipulated to produce crypt-villus units or villi alone. On a total protein basis, the abundance of LDL receptors in villus cell membranes was half that in hepatic membranes. The level of receptors in both tissues was reduced by feeding an atherogenic diet but was increased only in the liver by ethinyl estradiol-induced hypocholesterolemia. The level of LDL receptor mRNA in intestinal epithelial cells was somewhat lower than in liver. Regulation of LDL receptor mRNA was similar to that of protein. Judged by the ratio of mRNA in villus cells to the villus-crypt unit and nuclear run-on assay for LDL receptor gene transcription, we conclude that LDL receptor mRNA is produced in the villus cells. The effect of fat feeding was regulated at the level of transcription. Expression in villus cells in ileum was severalfold higher than in jejunum and higher than in the liver. Together the results suggest serum cholesterol level is not the prime determinant of LDL receptor level in intestine, but LDL degradation in this organ may be regulated by factors in the lumen.
We describe the long-term course of a patient with bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans, both of which developed as late complications of a smoke inhalation injury. Sequential chest X-rays ...obtained during the observation period showed gradual progression of bronchiectasis from the saccular to the cystic type. Symptoms, spirometry and blood gas analysis, however, remained stable for 15 years. We believe that symptoms and physiological derangement were due mainly to bronchiolitis obliterans, and that once the pathophysiological condition had been established following the initial injury, it could be maintained by conservative medical management.
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