It has been suggested that γδ T cells are involved in certain autoimmune disorders. To establish reference data for clinical studies to explore the role of γδ T cells in autoimmune bone marrow ...failure syndrome, we examined the γδ T-cell repertoire in 120 healthy Japanese individuals by flow cytometry. The average numbers of T lymphocytes in blood were as follows: 1,084 ± 369 (SD) αβ T cells, 68 ± 44 γδ T cells, 16 ± 12 Vδ1 T cells, and 43 ± 36 Vδ2 T cells (/μl). Absolute numbers of γδ T cells decreased with aging (
R
= −0.378,
P
< 0.001). The decrease of γδ T cells was the result of reduction of Vδ2, but not of Vδ1, T cells. Numbers of Vδ2 T cells were significantly higher in male than in female donors (
P
= 0.007). The Vδ2 T cells but not Vδ1 T cells showed a rapid reduction in cell numbers on mitogen stimulation, which was accompanied by modest down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression. These results indicate that age and gender have a major impact on γδ T-cell repertoire in Japanese donors, as well as European and American donors. The age-related decrease of Vδ2 T cells may be explained by their susceptibility to activation-induced cell death.
We present an effective way to develop superhydrophobic steel surface which shows stable superhydrophobicity under harsh mechanical bending. The roughness on the steel surface was created by etching ...in acid solution and its surface energy was lowered by subsequent hydrophobic silane treatment. The steel etching time in sulfuric acid solution was optimized to 8 h which provides high surface roughness required for superhydrophobicity. A water contact angle of 164 plus or minus 3 degree and a sliding angle of 9 plus or minus 2 degree were obtained for the steel surface after surface chemical modification by methyltrichlorosilane. We bent this superhydrophobic steel to 90 degree and 180 degree and studied the wetting properties on the bent area, which showed absolutely no change in superhydrophobicity. This superhydrophobic steel surface showed excellent self-cleaning behaviour as well as maintained its superhydrophobic wetting properties under a stream of water jet. Further, the stability of the wetting state was evaluated using a sandpaper abrasion test, adhesive tape peeling test, and under prolonged UV irradiation. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to confirm the surface chemical composition of the superhydrophobic steel surface. This approach can be applied to steel surfaces of any size and shape to advance their industrial applications.
Reactive radicals such as hydroxyl radical (OH
·
), hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2), and superoxide anion (O
2
−) are the main power driving titanium dioxide (TiO
2) photocatalytic reactions, for example, ...photokilling of biological cells. Here, the effect of copper ions on the formation of H
2O
2 over photocatalytic TiO
2 was investigated. Under an oxygen-purged solution, formation of H
2O
2 was increased dramatically up to 20 times by the addition of a small amount of copper ions. By using the Fenton reaction, the H
2O
2 formed can be converted into OH
·
, a highly reactive radical. In contrast, under nitrogen-purged solution, no H
2O
2 was formed even in the presence of an electron acceptor, silver ion (Ag
+). These results clearly show that H
2O
2 was generated from the reduction site of the photoexcited TiO
2 and indicate an effective way to increase the photocatalytic efficiency.
•Novel Rickettsia sp. and R. aeschlimannii-like rickettsia detected in tick species.•Sequencing analysis showed that the Ehrlichia spp. in these ticks were novel.•First study of microorganisms in A. ...nitidium.•First record of Rickettsia and Ehrlichia in A. geoemydae.
Recently, several tick-borne pathogens were detected in reptile-associated ticks. However, studies on the microorganisms in reptile-associated ticks in Japan are limited. This molecular survey thus aimed to identify and characterize tick-borne pathogens (Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae) in reptile-associated ticks in Japan. In total, 77 Amblyomma nitidum and 104 Amblyomma geoemydae were collected from wild amphibious sea kraits (Laticauda semifasciata, Laticauda colubrina, and Laticauda laticaudata) and from yellow-margined box turtles (Cuora flavomarginata evelynae), respectively. Conventional polymerase chain reaction was performed using the DNA extracted from the ticks to detect the selected pathogens. Sequencing analysis of four Rickettsia genes (gltA, ompA, ompB, and sca4) led to the identification of a putative novel Rickettsia sp. and Rickettsia aeschlimannii-like rickettsia in A. nitidum and A. geoemydae, respectively. Sequencing analysis of gltA and groEL of Anaplasmataceae revealed that the Ehrlichia spp. in these ticks were novel and related to Candidatus Ehrlichia occidentalis. This is the first study on the microorganisms in A. nitidium and the first record of Rickettsia and Ehrlichia in A. geoemydae. Further studies are required to understand their pathogenicity to humans and animals and their life cycle in the wild.
AIM:To investigate the association between adiponectin levels and risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer (early and advanced).METHODS: A cross-sectional study in a cohort of hospital-based patients ...was conducted between January 2004 and March 2006 at Yamagata University Hospital. Male subjects, who had colorectal tumors detected by endoscopic examination, were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the T factor of the TNM system, intraepithelial carcinoma and submucosally invasive c...
Hydrogen peroxide-fuel cell (H2O2-FC) possesses a theoretical power generating efficiency of 119% much larger than hydrogen/oxygen (H2/O2)-FC (82.9%) with a thermodynamic electromotive force of ...1.09V. This communication presents the prototype of H2O2-photofuel cell (PFC) without using noble metal catalyst. The H2O2-PFC is comprised of mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanocrystalline film coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide electorode (mp-TiO2/FTO, photoanode), glassy carbon (cathode), and an aqueous electrolyte solution containing 0.1M NaClO4 and 0.1M H2O2. Under UV-light irradiation, the H2O2-PFC stably works, providing a short-circuit current of 0.24mAcm−2 and an open-circuit voltage of 0.72V at ambient temperature and pressure, while current hardly flows in the dark. Further, the PFC responds to visible-light due to the charge-transfer complex formation of H2O2 on the TiO2 surface.
Display omitted
•One-compartment photofuel cell (PFC) using TiO2 photoanode and H2O2 as a fuel is fabricated.•The H2O2-PFC stably works under UV-light irradiation at ambient temperature and pressure.•The H2O2-PFC provides a Jsc of 0.24mAcm−2 and Voc of 0.72V under UV-light irradiation.•The H2O2-PFC shows visible-light responsiveness originating from the surface Ti-OOH complex.
ABSTRACTHerein, we present a case of a patient with Wallenberg syndrome with severe bulbar dysphagia who discovered a unique swallowing methodcreating strong negative pressure in the esophagus to ...improve pharyngeal passage of a bolus. A 47-yr-old man presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured aneurysm in the right vertebral artery. After coil embolization, he experienced severe dysphagia due to Wallenberg syndrome and required tube feeding. Eighty-one days after the onset of the stroke, a videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation revealed that the bolus was rapidly sucked into the esophagus. High-resolution manometry showed weak constriction of the pharynx simultaneous with forced, voluntary constriction of the diaphragm before swallowing; this created negative pressure in the esophagus. The authors named this unique swallowing method “vacuum swallowing.” Ultimately, the patient was able to eat an ordinary diet via the use of this technique. Vacuum swallowing is a unique method of improving pharyngeal passage of a bolus by creating strong negative pressure in the esophagus. Additional studies are necessary to determine whether vacuum swallowing can be successfully used for other forms of dysphagia.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are rare neoplasms. Additionally, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) is associated with insulin production and is essential for glucose transport to normal ...pancreatic β-cells. Neoplastic cell GLUT2 expression may also influence insulin production by using this transporter. GLUT2 expression and its clinical significance remain unclear in PanNETs. This study aimed to provide GLUT2 expression profiles and evidence of correlation with insulin in PanNETs.
Clinical data were retrieved from 113 surgically resected paraffin-embedded PanNET tissue samples fixed with 10% formalin. PanNETs are categorized as insulinoma, non-functional (NF)-PanNET, or PanNET-not otherwise specified (NOS). A GLUT2 score was used to evaluate cytoplasmic GLUT2 immunoreactivity. The immunoreactive score (IRS) was used to determine membranous GLUT2, cytoplasmic insulin, and proinsulin immunoreactivities. A commercially available in situ hybridization (ISH) kit detected human SLC2A2 (GLUT2) mRNA on tissues in all seven positive- and 20 negative-GLUT2 IRS cases.
GLUT2 and IRSs significantly differed among insulinoma, NF-PanNET, and PanNET-NOS. Insulinomas exhibited significantly higher GLUT2 scores and IRSs than did NF-PanNETs. GLUT2 IRS positive cases demonstrated significantly higher insulin and proinsulin IRSs than did negative cases. Additionally, GLUT2 ISH-positive cases demonstrated positive GLUT2 scores and IRSs, with significantly higher GLUT2 IRSs than did negative cases. PanNET histological grade categories did not significantly affect GLUT2 scores and IRSs.
The first evidence of a correlation between GLUT2 expressions and insulin in PanNETs is shown in this study.
Blood pressure (BP) control status was investigated using data of a health checkup held in a Japanese city. In fiscal year 2017, 54,287 persons (age, 40-74 years; males, 49%) underwent the checkup; ...28,167 examinees had a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, a diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or took antihypertensive agents. Of these subjects, 20,153 subjects took antihypertensive agents. A BP <140/90 was achieved in 66.6% (13,426) of the treated subjects; however, a BP <130/80 was achieved only in 30.7% (6,188). In conclusion, in 2017, although a relatively large proportion of treated subjects achieved a BP <140/90 mmHg with antihypertensive agents, only approximately half of these subjects reached a BP <130/80 mmHg, which is the latest treatment target for persons aged 75 years or less according to the Japanese hypertension guidelines 2019.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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