Neutron energy spectrum for energies extending up to 15 MeV has been measured in the Hall A of INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, by using a
1.5
m
3
stainless-steel tank filled with ...1.2 ton Gd-doped liquid scintillator. A two-pulse signature, due to proton recoils and delayed gammas from neutron capture on Gd, has been used for event selection. The neutron energy spectrum has been obtained from the detected proton-recoil spectrum, after unfolding the detector response, which had been simulated with GEANT4. Although this spectrum has been measured previously, the present work represents an improvement in the energy resolution with respect to previously published results. The results obtained with this technique are compared with other measurements existing in literature.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
The next core-collapse supernova in the Milky Way or its satellites will represent a once-in-a-generation opportunity to obtain detailed information about the explosion of a star and provide ...significant scientific insight for a variety of fields because of the extreme conditions found within. Supernovae in our galaxy are not only rare on a human timescale but also happen at unscheduled times, so it is crucial to be ready and use all available instruments to capture all possible information from the event. The first indication of a potential stellar explosion will be the arrival of a bright burst of neutrinos. Its observation by multiple detectors worldwide can provide an early warning for the subsequent electromagnetic fireworks, as well as signal to other detectors with significant backgrounds so they can store their recent data. The supernova early warning system (SNEWS) has been operating as a simple coincidence between neutrino experiments in automated mode since 2005. In the current era of multi-messenger astronomy there are new opportunities for SNEWS to optimize sensitivity to science from the next galactic supernova beyond the simple early alert. This document is the product of a workshop in June 2019 towards design of SNEWS 2.0, an upgraded SNEWS with enhanced capabilities exploiting the unique advantages of prompt neutrino detection to maximize the science gained from such a valuable event.
Long term dual antiplatelet therapy (LTDAPT), with ticagrelor 60 mg and low-dose aspirin, is indicated after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) for the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events in ...high-risk patients with a history of ACS of at least 1 year. LTDAPT had a good tolerability and safety profile, but the risk of TIMI major bleeding was increased. However, even non-significant bleeding may be important because it has an effect on the quality of life and therefore may lead to treatment discontinuation. We, therefore, evaluated patients' experiences with LTDAPT and the impact of nuisance bleeding on quality of life and treatment adherence. We retrospectively reviewed 225 patients in follow-up after ACS with at least one high-risk condition, treated with ticagrelor 60 mg twice daily (after 90 mg twice daily for 12 months). The outpatient follow-up program after hospitalization provides a visit on day 30 after discharge, then after 3 months, continuing with six-monthly checks. We assessed the presence and intensity of bleeding, as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL), at each visit. The TIMI score was used to determine the severity of the bleeding. Any overt bleeding event that did not meet the major and minor criteria was labeled "minimal" and could be framed as "nuisance bleeding." The HRQoL was assessed by the EuroQol-5 and Dimension (EQ-5D) visual analog scale (VAS) score. Minimal bleedings were present in 49 patients (21%), but only in one case (by decision of the patient) there was a cause for discontinuation of therapy. However, 39 (79%) subjects had asked for opinions on stopping the therapy during the telephone consultation. Factors influencing LTDAPT knowledge included access to medication counselling, engaging with information communicated during medication counselling, and access to timely, relevant and expert information and advice after discharge from the hospital. All adverse events, judged to be "not serious" in trials, may have an effect on the quality of life and therefore may lead to treatment discontinuation. The authors underline the importance of careful outpatient follow-up and ongoing counselling, to check out compliance and possible adverse effect of LTDAPT.
We report on a search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using 278.8 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment at LNGS. XENON1T utilizes a liquid xenon time projection chamber ...with a fiducial mass of (1.30±0.01) ton, resulting in a 1.0 ton yr exposure. The energy region of interest, 1.4,10.6 keV_{ee} (4.9,40.9 keV_{nr}), exhibits an ultralow electron recoil background rate of 82_{-3}^{+5}(syst)±3(stat) events/(ton yr keV_{ee}). No significant excess over background is found, and a profile likelihood analysis parametrized in spatial and energy dimensions excludes new parameter space for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent elastic scatter cross section for WIMP masses above 6 GeV/c^{2}, with a minimum of 4.1×10^{-47} cm^{2} at 30 GeV/c^{2} and a 90% confidence level.
We report constraints on light dark matter (DM) models using ionization signals in the XENON1T experiment. We mitigate backgrounds with strong event selections, rather than requiring a scintillation ...signal, leaving an effective exposure of (22±3) tonne day. Above ∼0.4 keV_{ee}, we observe <1 event/(tonne day keV_{ee}), which is more than 1000 times lower than in similar searches with other detectors. Despite observing a higher rate at lower energies, no DM or CEvNS detection may be claimed because we cannot model all of our backgrounds. We thus exclude new regions in the parameter spaces for DM-nucleus scattering for DM masses m_{χ} within 3-6 GeV/c^{2}, DM-electron scattering for m_{χ}>30 MeV/c^{2}, and absorption of dark photons and axionlike particles for m_{χ} within 0.186-1 keV/c^{2}.
We report on a blinded analysis of low-energy electronic recoil data from the first science run of the XENONnT dark matter experiment. Novel subsystems and the increased 5.9 ton liquid xenon target ...reduced the background in the (1, 30) keV search region to (15.8±1.3) events/(ton×year×keV), the lowest ever achieved in a dark matter detector and ∼5 times lower than in XENON1T. With an exposure of 1.16 ton-years, we observe no excess above background and set stringent new limits on solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter.
The recent and ever-growing problem of boar (Sus scrofa forms including wild boar, hybrid and feral pig) expansion is a very complex issue in wildlife management. The damages caused to biodiversity ...and the economies are addressed in different ways by the various countries, but research is needed to shed light on the causal factors of this emergency before defining a useful collaborative management policy. In this review, we screened more than 280 references published between 1975–2022, identifying and dealing with five hot factors (climate change, human induced habitat modifications, predator regulation on the prey, hybridization with domestic forms, and transfaunation) that could account for the boar expansion and its niche invasion. We also discuss some issues arising from this boar emergency, such as epizootic and zoonotic diseases or the depression of biodiversity. Finally, we provide new insights for the research and the development of management policies.
We report the first dark matter search results from XENON1T, a ∼2000-kg-target-mass dual-phase (liquid-gas) xenon time projection chamber in operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in ...Italy and the first ton-scale detector of this kind. The blinded search used 34.2 live days of data acquired between November 2016 and January 2017. Inside the (1042±12)-kg fiducial mass and in the 5,40 keV_{nr} energy range of interest for weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter searches, the electronic recoil background was (1.93±0.25)×10^{-4} events/(kg×day×keV_{ee}), the lowest ever achieved in such a dark matter detector. A profile likelihood analysis shows that the data are consistent with the background-only hypothesis. We derive the most stringent exclusion limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interaction cross section for WIMP masses above 10 GeV/c^{2}, with a minimum of 7.7×10^{-47} cm^{2} for 35-GeV/c^{2} WIMPs at 90% C.L.
XENONnT is a dark matter direct detection experiment, utilizing 5.9 t of instrumented liquid xenon, located at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. In this work, we predict the experimental ...background and project the sensitivity of XENONnT to the detection of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The expected average differential background rate in the energy region of interest, corresponding to (1, 13) keV and (4, 50) keV for electronic and nuclear recoils, amounts to 12.3 ± 0.6 (keV t y) -1 and (2.2± 0.5)× 10 −3 (keV t y) -1 , respectively, in a 4 t fiducial mass. We compute unified confidence intervals using the profile construction method, in order to ensure proper coverage. With the exposure goal of 20 t y, the expected sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions reaches a cross-section of 1.4×10 −48 cm 2 for a 50 GeV/c 2 mass WIMP at 90% confidence level, more than one order of magnitude beyond the current best limit, set by XENON1T . In addition, we show that for a 50 GeV/c 2 WIMP with cross-sections above 2.6×10 −48 cm 2 (5.0×10 −48 cm 2 ) the median XENONnT discovery significance exceeds 3σ (5σ). The expected sensitivity to the spin-dependent WIMP coupling to neutrons (protons) reaches 2.2×10 −43 cm 2 (6.0×10 −42 cm 2 ).
Natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana has contributed to discoveries in diverse areas of plant biology. While A. thaliana has typically been considered a weed associated primarily with ...human-mediated environments, including agricultural and urban sites and railways, it has recently been shown that it is also native in remote natural areas, including high altitude sites in Eurasia and Africa, from the Atlas mountains in Morocco to the afro-alpine regions in Eastern and South Africa to Yunnan in China, the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau. This finding suggests that while A. thaliana has been extensively studied in Europe and Western Asia there are still many open questions about its population history, genotype–phenotype relationships and mechanisms of adaptation.
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