Summary
Background
Bariatric surgery leads to a higher remission rate for type 2 diabetes mellitus than non‐surgical treatment. However, it remains unsolved which surgical procedure is the most ...efficacious. This network meta‐analysis aimed to rank surgical procedures in terms of diabetes remission.
Methods and findings
We electronically searched for randomized controlled trials in which at least one surgical treatment was included among multiple arms and the diabetes remission rate was included in study outcomes. A random‐effects network meta‐analysis was performed within a frequentist framework. The hierarchy of treatments was expressed as the surface under the cumulative ranking curve value. Results of the analysis of 25 eligible randomized controlled trials that covered non‐surgical treatments and eight surgical procedures (biliopancreatic diversion BPD, BPD with duodenal switch, Roux‐en Y gastric bypass, mini gastric bypass mini‐GBP, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, greater curvature plication and duodenal‐jejunal bypass) showed that BPD and mini‐GBP had the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve values among the eight surgical treatments.
Conclusion
Current network meta‐analysis indicated that BPD or mini‐GBP achieved higher diabetes remission rates than the other procedures. However, the result needs to be interpreted with caution considering that these procedures were in the minority of bariatric surgeries.
Objectives
Thrombocytopenia (TP) is a common adverse effect of linezolid (LZD). However, risk factors for LZD-associated TP have been reported in Western patients with relatively heavy body weight. ...The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for LZD-associated TP in Asian population.
Materials and methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 101 consecutive patients who received LZD therapy (1,200 mg/day) between July 2003 and December 2013 at a tertiary referral hospital in Tokyo, Japan. The patients with obvious other causes for TP were excluded. The information of target infectious disease, patients’ age, gender, body weight, body mass index, baseline serum creatinine (SCr), baseline platelet count, and treatment duration was collected retrospectively. TP was defined as ≥50 % decrease in platelet count from baseline. Bi- and multi-variate analyses were performed.
Results
A total of 101 patients were included (mean age SD 64 18; male gender %, 57 56). Median duration range of LZD therapy was 14 days 1–67. LZD-associated TP was identified in 42 patients (42 %). For TP, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 95 % CI of daily per kg dose (DPKD) and SCr was 1.14 1.05–1.26 and 1.51 1.01–2.50, respectively.
Conclusions
Higher DPKD and elevated SCr are significantly associated with LZD-associated TP. These findings suggest that daily dose of LZD should be adjusted using body weight, as typically done in pediatrics, in adults as well. Renal function also should be considered for dose adjustment.
Lamina-associated polypeptide (LAP) 2, which directly interacts with B-type lamins and chromosomes, is an integral membrane protein specifically distributed along the inner nuclear membrane of the ...nuclear envelope. The chromatin- and lamin-binding activity of LAP2 suggests that LAP2 plays an important role in targeting mitotic vesicles to chromosomes and reorganizing the nuclear structure at the end of mitosis. Here I identified a LAP2 interacting protein, termed L2BP1 (LAP2 binding protein 1). The rat L2BP1 cDNA sequence is predicted to encode a protein of 89 amino acids which turns out to be a rat homolog of mouse and human BAF (Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor). L2BP1 is distributed diffusely throughout the nucleus in interphase cells. It is, however, highly concentrated at the chromosomes during the M-phase. Further, the L2BP1 binding domain of LAP2 overlaps its chromosome-binding region. These findings suggest that L2BP1 is a candidate mediator of LAP2-chromosome interaction at the end of mitosis.
Partial nitritation using inhibition of free ammonia and free nitric acid is an effective technique for the treatment of high concentrations of ammonium in wastewaters. This technique was applied to ...the digester liquor of swine wastewater and the stability of its long-term operation was investigated. Partial nitritation was successfully maintained at a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 1.0
kg
N
m
−3
d
−1 for 120 days without acclimatization of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) to the inhibitory compounds (free ammonia and free nitric acid). The conversion efficiencies of NH
4–N to NO
2–N and to NO
3–N were determined to be around 58% and <5%, respectively. After the establishment of partial nitritation, the influence of swine wastewater on the Anammox reaction was examined using continuous flow treatment experiments. Consistent nitrogen removal was achieved for 70 days at a nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 0.22
kg
N
m
−3
d
−1 and the color of Anammox bacteria changed from red to greyish black. The NO
2–N consumption and the NO
3–N production increased concurrently and the Anammox reaction ratio was estimated to be 1:1.67:0.53, which is different from that reported previously (1:1.32:0.26).
Background and purpose: Life style‐related disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity are reported to be a great risk of dementia. Adipocytokines released from adipose ...tissue are thought to modulate some brain functions including memory and cognition. We here analysed adiponectin, one of the most important adipocytokines, in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from cognitive normal controls (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, and patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and discussed if/how adiponectin could relate to the pathogenesis of AD.
Methods: Normal controls (n = 28), MCI (n = 18), and AD (n = 27) subjects were recruited at Tohoku University Hospital. The diagnosis of AD was based on NINCDS‐ADRDA criteria. All the blood and CSF samples were obtained from each fasted subject. Adiponectin was assayed using a sandwich ELISA system.
Results: The levels of adiponectin between in plasma and in CSF showed a positive correlation. Plasma adiponectin was significantly higher in MCI and AD compared to NC, whereas CSF adiponectin was significantly higher in MCI compared to NC.
Conclusion: It is possible that the level of adiponectin in plasma reflects its level in CSF. The tendency to have higher adiponectin in plasma and CSF from MCI and AD suggests that this molecule plays a critical role in the onset of AD.
Background
Ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria were established to detect cervical metastatic lymph nodes including those up to 10 mm in thickness. Ultrasonography can diagnose not only cervical ...metastatic lymph nodes but can also be used to evaluate treatment-induced changes in lymph node metastases, one by one or degeneration of metastatic lesion in remaining lymph nodes after chemoradiotherapy.
Methods
A high-frequency probe of 7.5 MHz or higher was used in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastases, using B-mode, Doppler blood flow imaging, and tissue elasticity imaging. Cervical lymph node metastases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were diagnosed according to ultrasonographic lymph node metastasis criteria. These criteria consist of the thickness of a lymph node (more than 6 mm or not), and existence of intra-lymph nodal occupying lesions suspected as a metastatic focus or not. Furthermore, metastatic lymph nodes remaining without regression after chemoradiotherapy were also evaluated according to therapeutic effect, using ultrasonography, and we examined the efficacy of ultrasonography to predict clinical outcomes.
Results
These diagnostic criteria enabled the accurate diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes that were up to 10-mm-thick; such nodes are difficult to diagnose by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, examination of therapeutic effects such as decreased blood flow into a metastatic focus, and softening of a lymph node, by evaluating B-mode dynamic images or employing tissue elasticity imaging, was also useful to determine the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy and a favorable outcome.
Conclusion
Ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria for cervical metastatic lymph nodes enabled accurate diagnosis. Ultrasonographic evaluation of therapeutic effects on cervical lymph node metastases revealed not only the control of metastasis in the cervical region but also the clinical course and control of the primary site.
1. Oleuropein (Ole) is a major phenolic compound in Olea europaea, with anti-oxidative, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory properties. To explore the effect of Ole on the physiology and metabolism ...of poultry, this study, evaluated the effects of feeding low-dose Ole on the growth performance, metabolic hormonal status, muscle oxidative status in growing broiler chickens.
2. Thirty-two 8-day-old chickens were assigned to four different treatments, and fed either 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, or 2.5 ppm Ole-supplemented diets for 2 weeks.
3. There were no differences in the body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency during the feeding periods between the groups tested. Birds fed Ole 0.5- and 2.5 ppm-supplemented diets exhibited a significant decrease in muscle carbonyl content compared to the control group. In the group fed Ole 0.5 ppm, the mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial ROS-reducing factors: avian uncoupling protein and manganese superoxide dismutase, as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α, sirtuin-1 and −3 (each of which co-ordinately induce the transcription of the previous two factors) were upregulated compared to the control group, and the changes were independent of plasma noradrenaline and thyroid hormone levels. The group fed Ole-2.5 ppm did not show such transcriptional changes, but exhibited a higher corticosterone concentration.
4. This study demonstrates that ingesting a low dose of Ole can reduce muscle oxidative damage, and that the suppression machinery may differ depending on the amount of Ole ingested by growing broiler chickens.
The development of a vertical kicker system is an important part of a three-dimensional spiral-injection scheme. The beam injected at a pitch angle of a few tens of degrees was controlled by applying ...a pulsed magnetic field using a vertical kicker system inside the storage magnet. The stored muon beam then followed a vertical betatron motion around the midplane of the storage magnet owing to the weak focusing magnetic field. Accurate control of the pulsed kick is crucial for minimizing the amplitude of the vertical betatron oscillation. The specifications of the pulsed magnetic field and detailed design of the kicker system at the test beam bench are discussed herein.
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