In this paper, high-performance bottom-gate thin-film transistors (TFTs) with transparent zinc oxide (ZnO) channels have been developed. The ZnO film for active channels was deposited by RF magnetron ...sputtering. The crystallinity of the ZnO film drastically improved when it was deposited on a doublelayer SiO x /SiN x gate insulator. In order to achieve a ZnO TFT back-plane for liquid-crystal display (LCD) with the required pattern accuracy, dry etching of the ZnO film in an Ar and CH 4 chemistry has been developed. The etching rate and tapered profile of the ZnO film could be controlled by the Ar content in the etching gases of Ar and CH 4 . The saturation mobility (mu sat ) of the ZnO TFT strongly depended on a gate voltage. A mu sat of 5.2 & cm 2 .(V .s) -1 at V GS = 40 V and V DS = 10 V, and an on/off-current ratio of 2.7 x 10 7 were obtained. A drain-current uniformity of plusmn7% was achieved within a radius of 20 mm from the substrate center. A 1.46 -in diagonal LCD with 61 600 pixels has been driven by the ZnO-TFT back-plane. A moving picture image was available on fabricated LCD driven by the ZnO TFTs.
Electrochemical immunosensors have been developed to determine the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). They are based on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) coated with layer-by-layer (LbL) ...films of carbon black (CB) and polyelectrolytes. Owing to a suitable choice of LbL film architecture, the procedures for immobilization of anti-CA19-9 antibodies on the electrode surfaces were straightforward. Mechanically flexible immunosensors were capable of detecting CA19-9 within a dynamic range of 0.01 to 40 U mL
−1
and a limit of detection of 0.07 U mL
−1
using differential pulse voltammetry. In addition to detecting CA19-9 at clinically relevant concentrations for pancreatic cancer in standard solutions, the immunosensors provide the determination of CA19-9 on cell lysate and human serum samples. Using LbL films led to immunosensors with superior performance compared to similar systems obtained by drop casting. The fabrication of this relatively simple, inexpensive platform is a demonstration that SPCEs modified with cost-effective materials are able to detect cancer biomarkers and may be adapted to other disposable immunosensors.
Graphical abstract
Schematic representation of assembly and characterization of electrochemical immunosensors for the determination of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 based on printed electrodes modified with composites of carbon black and polyelectrolyte films
Transparent and conductive Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were deposited on substrates including alkali-free glass, quartz glass, Si, and SiO
2 buffer layer on alkali-free glass by using radio ...frequency magnetron sputtering. The effects of different substrates on the structural, electrical and optical properties of the AZO films were investigated. It was found that the crystal structures were remarkably influenced by the type of the substrates due to their different thermal expansion coefficients, lattice mismatch and flatness. The AZO film (100 nm in thickness) deposited on the quartz glass exhibited the best crystallinity, followed sequentially by those deposited on the Si, the SiO
2 buffer layer, and the alkali-free glass. The film deposited on the quartz glass showed the lowest resistivity of 5.14
×
10
−
4
Ω cm among all the films, a carrier concentration of 1.97
×
10
21 cm
−
3
and a Hall mobility of 6.14 cm
2/v·s. The average transmittance of this film was above 90% in the visible light spectrum range. Investigation into the thickness-dependence of the AZO films revealed that the crystallinity was improved with increasing thickness and decreasing surface roughness, accompanied with a decrease in the film resistivity.
Neutrinos were assumed to be massless particles until the discovery of the neutrino oscillation process. This phenomenon indicates that the neutrinos have non-zero masses and the mass eigenstates ...(ν1, ν2, ν3) are mixtures of their flavour eigenstates (νe, νμ, ντ). The oscillations between different flavour eigenstates are described by three mixing angles (θ12, θ23, θ13), two differences of the squared neutrino masses of the ν2/ν1 and ν3/ν1 pairs and a charge conjugation parity symmetry violating phase δCP. The Double Chooz experiment, located near the Chooz Electricité de France reactors, measures the oscillation parameter θ13 using reactor neutrinos. Here, the Double Chooz collaboration reports the measurement of the mixing angle θ13 with the new total neutron capture detection technique from the full data set, yielding sin2(2θ13) = 0.105 ± 0.014. This measurement exploits the multidetector configuration, the isoflux baseline and data recorded when the reactors were switched off. In addition to the neutrino mixing angle measurement, Double Chooz provides a precise measurement of the reactor neutrino flux, given by the mean cross-section per fission 〈σf〉 = (5.71 ± 0.06) × 10−43 cm2 per fission, and reports an empirical model of the distortion in the reactor neutrino spectrum.The Double Chooz collaboration reports the neutrino oscillation parameter θ13 from a measurement of the disappearance of reactor anti-electron neutrinos with the total neutron capture technique.
In this paper, the in situ extractive fermentation of lactic acid was developed with Rhizopus oryzae that grew in a medium without costly nutrients such as peptone or yeast extract. Tri-n-octylamine ...as an extractant and isotridecanol as a diluent were selected in an optimum extraction system from the viewpoint of the tolerance of organic solvents to R. oryzae and extraction capacity. Using this extraction system, batch fermentations were carried out in a stirred tank in the presence of an organic solution. It was found that a higher aeration rate was needed to enhance the production rate of the lactic acid and the extent of its extraction became relatively high due to the absence of extraction inhibitors, peptone and yeast extract. Finally, in situ extractive fermentation was carried out using pelleted R. oryzae in a fed-batch mode in an air-lift reactor. Lactic acid was successfully fermented and extracted from the broth to organic phase for 25 days. Keywords: in situ extractive fermentation, L-lactic acid, Rhizopus oryzae, trioctylamine, air-lift reactor
Stainless steel is a candidate of the inner surface of the storage container for LAB-based Gadolinium loaded liquid scintillator (Gd-LS) to be used in the JSNS2 neutrino detector. Aging effect on Gd ...concentration of Gd-LS was investigated with the Gd-LS sample stored in the passivated stainless steel bottle by two independent methods. The direct comparison of the neutron capture time measurement showed that there is no significant degradation of the capture time after 617 days aging. Titration was performed to measure Gd concentration, and the result after 466 days aging is consistent with the result before aging within the uncertainty of the measurement. Both results lead to a conclusion that stainless steel is usable for Gd-LS storage for JSNS2 experiment.
Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 462–468
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are malignant tumours that frequently invade the mandibular bone and bone invasion is a common clinical problem. Recent studies ...have revealed that bone resorption by osteoclasts is an important step in the process of bone invasion by oral SCCs. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone invasion by oral SCCs remain unclear. Oral SCCs invade the mandibular bone through an erosive, mixed or infiltrative pattern that correlates with clinical behaviours. The expressions of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐11, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α and parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) were higher in the infiltrative pattern than in the erosive pattern. These cytokines lead to receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) expression or osteoprotegerin (OPG) suppression not only in oral SCC cells but also in cancer stromal cells to induce osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, oral SCCs provide a suitable microenvironment for osteoclastogenesis to regulate the balance of RANKL and OPG. In this review, we introduce recent advances in the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms, by which oral SCC invades mandibular bone based on the recent findings of our lab and others.
Directly fused diporphyrins display the extensive π conjugation as evinced by highly perturbed electronic absorption spectra as well as lowered and largely split first oxidation potentials. Such ...diporphyrins prepared include meso-β doubly linked diporphyrins 7, meso−meso β−β β−β triply linked diporphyrins 8, and meso−meso β−β doubly linked diporphyrins 9. Oxidation of 5,15-diaryl-substituted and 5,10,15-triaryl-substituted NiII−, CuII−, and PdII−porphyrins with tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroantimonate (BAHA) in CHCl3 afforded 7, and triply linked CuII−diporphyrins 8a and 8g were respectively prepared by the oxidation of meso−meso singly linked CuII−diporphyrins 5c and 5f with BAHA. Meso−meso β−β doubly linked NiII−diporphyrin 9a was isolated along with triply linked NiII−diporphyrin 8e from the similar oxidation of meso−meso singly linked NiII−diporphyrin 5a. Doubly linked diporphyrins 7 and 9a both exhibit significantly perturbed electronic absorption spectra, in which the Soret-like bands are largely split at around 405−418 and 500−616 nm and the Q-bandlike absorption bands are substantially intensified and red-shifted at 748−820 nm, probably as a consequence of symmetry lowering. Triply linked diporphyrins 8 display more strongly perturbed electronic absorption spectra with split Soret-like bands at 408−419 and 567−582 nm and Q-bandlike absorption bands reaching far-infrared region. Structures of three types of fused diporphyrins 7b and 7c, 8g and 8j, and 9a have been unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography to be nearly coplanar. Both the triply linked diporphyrins 8g and 8j exhibit very flat structures, whereas the doubly linked diporphyrins 7b and 7c exhibit ruffled structures. The doubly linked diporphyrin 9a shows a helically twisted conformation with larger ruffling toward the opposite directions and has been actually separated into two enantiomers, which display strong Cotton effects in the CD spectra. The first oxidation potentials (E OX1) decrease in the order of 5 > 7 ≥ 9 > 8, indicating lift-up of HOMO orbital in this order, and split potential differences ΔE = E OX1 − E OX2, in turn, increase in the reverse order of 5 < 7≤ 9 < 8. The 1H NMR spectra have indicated that the aromatic porphyrin ring current becomes weakened in the order of 5 > 7 > 8. Collectively, the electronic interactions between the diporphyrins have been concluded to increase in the other of 5 ≪ 7 ≤ 9 < 8.
JSNS Formula omitted (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) is an experiment that is searching for sterile neutrinos via the observation of Formula omitted appearance ...oscillations using muon decay-at-rest neutrinos. Before dedicated data taking in the first-half of 2021, we performed a commissioning run for 10 days in June 2020. Using the data obtained in this commissioning run, in this paper, we present an estimate of the correlated background which imitates the Formula omitted signal in a sterile neutrino search. In addition, in order to demonstrate future prospects of the JSNS Formula omitted experiment, possible pulse shape discrimination improvements towards reducing cosmic ray induced fast neutron background are described.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
JSNS
$$^2$$
2
(J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) is an experiment that is searching for sterile neutrinos via the observation of
$${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu } ...\rightarrow {\bar{\nu }}_{e}$$
ν
¯
μ
→
ν
¯
e
appearance oscillations using muon decay-at-rest neutrinos. Before dedicated data taking in the first-half of 2021, we performed a commissioning run for 10 days in June 2020. Using the data obtained in this commissioning run, in this paper, we present an estimate of the correlated background which imitates the
$${\bar{\nu }}_{e}$$
ν
¯
e
signal in a sterile neutrino search. In addition, in order to demonstrate future prospects of the JSNS
$$^2$$
2
experiment, possible pulse shape discrimination improvements towards reducing cosmic ray induced fast neutron background are described.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
