We investigated the early effects of intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) on optic nerve head (ONH) morphology.
All of the participants underwent applanation tonometry and enhanced depth imaging ...by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography immediately before injection, and within 5 and 30 minutes after IAI. Changes in the anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth, prelaminar tissue thickness (PTT), optic cup width, optic cup depth, and Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) were assessed.
The study included 30 eyes of 30 subjects with a mean age of 77.4 ± 6.8 years (range, 65-89 years) following IAI (2 mg in 0.05 ml). Within 5 minutes after injection, the mean cup depth, mean cup width, and BMO were significantly increased (P = 0.013, P = 0.000, and P = 0.004, respectively), whereas the mean PTT was thinned (P = 0.009). These morphologic changes returned to near baseline values 30 minutes after injection. Cup widening and BMO expansion (P = 0.000; r, 0.668), as well as cup deepening and prelaminar thinning (P = 0.000; r, -0.838), were significantly correlated. The magnitude of cup deepening and prelaminar tissue thinning correlated with the IOP change in the opposite direction than expected (P = 0.039; r, -0.379 and P = 0.377; r, 0.040).
A significant widening and deepening of the optic cup, BMO expansion, and prelaminar tissue thinning occurred following IAI for neovascular AMD. Eyes having greater optic disc cup deepening and prelaminar tissue condensation after IAI, associated with a lower IOP increase after injection, suggesting that ONH compliance might buffer the effect of additional intravitreal fluid injection on IOP values.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of consecutive strabismus after infantile nystagmus surgery and its potential risk factors.
Methods
A retrospective study including 89 ...patients was conducted. Patients presented infantile nystagmus (idiopathic or ocular disease–associated nystagmus) without previous or coincidental strabismus. Sex, age at surgery, amblyopia, botulinum toxin (BT) injection before surgery, spherical equivalent, anisometropia, surgery procedure (Anderson’s or retroequatorial recessions of four horizontal recti), and follow-up were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and univariate Cox regression were performed.
Results
The median age at surgery was 5 years. The median follow-up was 36 months. The incidence of consecutive strabismus was 11.2%. There were eight patients with exotropia and two patients with esotropia. Consecutive strabismus was associated with severe bilateral amblyopia (
p
= 0.036), previous treatment with BT injection (
p
= 0.025), and large recessions of the four horizontal muscles (
p
= 0.001). The hazard ratio for patients with severe bilateral amblyopia was 5.4 (95% CI 1.1–25.8), and for patients previously treated with BT was 6.1 (1.3–29.3). The survival rate was 95.4% at 6 months and 88.5% at 3 years.
Conclusion
Severe bilateral amblyopia, previous BT treatment, and type of surgery seem to be associated with consecutive strabismus after infantile nystagmus surgery. Most cases appear within the first months after surgery.
Purpose: To report an uncommon case of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease-associated-uveitis.
Methods: A 31-year-old Caucasian woman with cervical lymphadenitis and Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease recently confirmed ...by biopsy, complained about unilateral blurry vision. Differential diagnoses, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis was performed. We undertook a review of other similar cases found in the literature.
Results: Acute anterior unilateral uveitis was diagnosed, suffering from two recurrences of bilateral anterior uveitis.
Conclusions: Additional reported cases are required to better understand the Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and the pathogenesis and features of its ocular involvement.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To evaluate the outcomes and safety of retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens implantation and associated pars plana vitrectomy.
Multicenter, national audit of 325 eyes (325 patients). ...Demographics, surgical details, and complications are described. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and central retinal thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography were collected at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Kaplan-Meier curves were created to assess the cumulative probability of postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure levels, macular edema development, and corneal decompensation.
The cumulative probability of the final visual acuity ≤0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (≥20/40 Snellen) was 75.6% at 12-month follow-up. The probability of intraocular pressure >21, ≥25, and ≥30 mmHg was 48.1%, 33.1%, and 19.0%, and the probability of intraocular pressure-lowering drops was 50.9% at 12 months. Glaucoma surgery was required in 4.3% of the eyes (14/325). The cumulative probability of macular edema was 20.5% at 12 months and was greater in complicated cataract surgery than in intraocular lens-luxation eyes (26% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.04). Corneal transplantation was required in 2.8% of the eyes (9/325).
This study on 325 eyes with aphakia or intraocular lens dislocation managed with the retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens technique provides clinical outcomes in a real-world scenario, reporting relevant data for patient counseling and preoperative discussions.
A 71-year-old woman presented a non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in an optic nerve with previously registered superonasal peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers. Her past medical ...history was significant for controlled systemic hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. The physiologic cup was absent in both optic discs. Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy mainly affected the temporal and inferior sectors of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, as could be demonstrated by retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography and optic disc optical coherence tomography angiography. Unlike other published reports, just a slight regression of the myelinated nerve fibers was observed after 1 year of follow-up. This occurred because ischemia mainly affected the temporal and inferior peripapillary sectors, whereas myelinated nerve fibers were superonasal to the optic disc.
A 71-year-old woman presented a non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in an optic nerve with previously registered superonasal peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers. Her past medical ...history was significant for controlled systemic hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. The physiologic cup was absent in both optic discs. Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy mainly affected the temporal and inferior sectors of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, as could be demonstrated by retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography and optic disc optical coherence tomography angiography. Unlike other published reports, just a slight regression of the myelinated nerve fibers was observed after 1 year of follow-up. This occurred because ischemia mainly affected the temporal and inferior peripapillary sectors, whereas myelinated nerve fibers were superonasal to the optic disc.
•No-tillage increased about 40% the macroaggregate fraction in the surface layer.•Aggregation was strongly influenced by tillage and slightly by Ca-amendment.•Unlike other studies in tropical soils, ...we found an aggregation hierarchy.•Organic matter seems to be a key factor for aggregation even in some tropical soils.
The physical protection and stabilization of soil organic carbon in soil aggregates are important processes for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions through carbon sequestration. Compared with temperate soils, the relationships between management practices, soil aggregation and soil organic matter (SOM) are not well understood in subtropical and tropical soils. The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of tillage system and Ca-amendment on the size distribution of soil aggregates and aggregate-associated organic C and N, as well as to contribute to the understanding of the role of soil organic matter in the aggregation process in a soil with tropical mineralogical characteristics. Our study was conducted on an annual forage agrosystem with a degraded Palexerult soil in SW Spain with mineralogical and morphological characteristics inherited from a pre-Quaternary humid-subtropical climate. The experiment had a split-plot design with tillage (no-tillage vs. traditional tillage) as the main factor and with or without Ca-amendment as the second factor. Aggregate size distribution was dominated by microaggregates (0.053–0.250mm). Compared with tilled plots, after six years, no-tillage increased the macroaggregates (>0.250mm) to a depth of 10cm by about 40%. The relatively low clay content of the surface soil may explain the strong impact of tillage on macroaggregation and the relatively slow recovery after the adoption of no-tillage. In contrast to the tillage system, the Ca-amendment barely influenced aggregation parameters. No-tillage also favored accumulation of organic C and N in all aggregate fractions but no size preference between macro- and microaggregates was observed while Ca-amendment enhanced accumulation only in large macroaggregates. Our results indicate an aggregation hierarchy in these kaolinitic soils, as well as an important role of SOM in enhancing soil aggregation.
•Long term experiment to assess soil quality recovery on acidic and degraded soils of SW Spain.•No-tillage and Ca-amendment was the best combination to recover soil quality in acidic degraded ...soils.•Microbial activity enhanced by sugar beet foam application to soil.
Ca-amendments are commonly applied to improve acid soils, whilst no-tillage (NT) has been widely recommended in soils where conventional tillage (CT) has led to losses of organic matter. However, the potential interactions between the two treatments are only partially known. Our study was conducted on a degraded soil located in SW Spain, in order to assess if the combination of Ca-amendment plus crop-tillage provides long term soil amelioration on microbial activity. To this end the effects of four different combinations of Ca-amendment and crop-tillage on selected key soil microbial properties were analyzed. The experimental design was a split-plot with four replicates. The main factor was the application or not of a Ca-amendment, sugar foam (SF) and control (C), and the second factor was crop-tillage, no tilled improved pasture (no tilled-IP) and conventional tillage forage crop (tilled-FC). Soil samples were collected from 2 soil depths after 7 years since the first SF application and after 1year from a repeated SF application. The use of the Ca-amendment meant a higher pH although this effect was not found in the combination Ca-amendment plus no-tilled. Total organic carbon (TOC) was highly influenced by tillage, being higher for no tilled plots. The interaction found between tillage and amendment suggested that the beneficial effect of the Ca-amendment on organic carbon is lost after tillage practices. A positive effect on microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was found after a second SF application for the no tilled plots in the upper layer however the effect was opposite in the deepest layer where no differences in TOC were found. After a year from a repeated SF application, a clear positive effect of no-tilled was observed on β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase and urease activities at the superficial layer. This fact was not found in these enzymatic activities when the amendment application effect was studied but an interaction between tillage and amendment showed that the Ca-amendment plus no-tilled combination was the most favorable option to increase the activities of these enzymes. Values of dehydrogenase were higher in amended plots than in control for both soil depths regardless of the sampling date, showing a pH effect on its activity. From our findings, no tillage plus a Ca-amendment appears to be the most suitable choice for ensuring suitable production, through the accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) and the improvement of biological properties.
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