Acute PE is a life-threatening disorder which usually presents as a severe complication of venous thromboembolism.2 Noninvasive “low-dose” systemic thrombolytic therapy (50 mg t-PA) has been ...advocated, based on the hypothesis that all venous return and right heart output washes the pulmonary circulation, with lower dosage and avoidance of “invasive” vascular access can maintain increased thrombolytic efficacy with less bleeding. The doses and administration times are inconsistent, and many of these case reports use low-dose t-PA in patients with massive PE when full-dose t-PA was contraindicated or relatively contraindicated.4 Previously, Sharifi et al3 reported that low-dose thrombolytic therapy (a 10-mg bolus by an intravenous push within 1 minute followed by infusion of the remaining 40 mg within 2 hours) achieved excellent clinical results with a striking absence of bleeding in patients with submassive PE. From the existing guidelines, the “standard practice” uses the same or similar t-PA dose for PE that is used for thrombolysis in the systemic arterial circulation.5 For instance, in acute myocardial infarction, 100 mg of t-PA is given within 1.5 hours for a thrombus in the coronary circulation, which receives only 5% of the CO.6 These doses have the potency to withstand “route attrition”: t-PA is given into the venous circulation, it traverses the lung capillaries, enters the arterial circulation, reaches a steady-state, and is still capable of dissolving arterial clots.
Right atrial appendage (RAA) aneurysm is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality thought to be caused by dysplasia of the muscular wall of the RA and RAA. Structural, contractile, or electrical atrial ...changes are associated with the onset and progression of atrial fibrillation. The RAA aneurysm can have various symptoms, such as thromboembolic complications. Diagnosis of RAA aneurysm greatly depends on imaging modalities, among which echocardiography is the most widely used one. Echocardiography is very effective in discovering the aneurysm, distinguishing it from other abnormalities such as pericardial cysts, Ebstein's anomaly and cor triatriatum, and detecting intracardiac thrombosis or blood flow limitations. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are important complementary examinations. They may provide more details on the neighboring structures of the aneurysm, especially when echocardiographic images are suboptimal.
This article analyses the racial framing of the humanitarian encounter between Turkish and African Muslims as a trope of first contact. Intensifying humanitarian relations with Africa south of the ...Sahara, in tandem with the foreign policy of the AKP (Justice and Development Party), has led to the emergence of a racialized affective regime in Turkey that endows Islamic philanthropy with new racial meanings. This article argues that racial subjects such as the White Muslim and the Black Muslim are produced through the affective labour of humanitarian volunteers and others, who narrativize and circulate experiences of first contact in Turkey. Based on a multi-sited ethnography in Turkey, Tanzania, Senegal, Gambia and Benin, this article explores race-making as affective labour. Taking on Berg and Ramos-Zayas’s call for an anthropological theorization of race and affect, it develops a critical framework to examine how humanitarian voluntarism produces differently racialized subjects. In order to do so, this analysis draws on James Baldwin’s insights into the racial and affective politics of the first contact to discuss how Turkish humanitarians build on and alter the racialized affective regime Baldwin describes.
This part issue aims to re-centre the African continent in debates on the intersectionality of race and religion. Africa became a colonial laboratory for racializing religious difference in the ...ethnological imagination. We argue that this legacy lends a unique position to the continent, one from which the co-constitution of modern ideas about race and religion can be theorized. However, we also contend that, having failed to come to terms with this very legacy, the anthropology of Africa disengaged with race as an analytical category (Pierre 2006), hence postponing such critical contribution. In this part issue, we problematize the absence of critical race ethnography within the field of Islam in Africa, recognizing this absence as an epistemological legacy of anthropology’s colonial roots. Therefore, our aim is to confront the colonial and evolutionist libraries (Mudimbe and Appiah 1993) and to make a critical contribution to the scholarship on race and Islam from the vantage point of Muslim Africa’s transnational relations with Muslim communities in Black America, the Middle East and Europe.
This article analyzes the recently formed transnational networks of Islamic education between Turkey and Africa south of the Sahara through the study of the neglected case of Erenköy Cemaati. The ...expansion of the schools affiliated with Erenköy Cemaati cannot be divorced from Turkey’s Africa strategy and the growing importance of education within it since the late 2000s. Although Sufi orders and state institutions historically represent two divergent and conflicting streams of Islamic education in Turkey, the analysis of Erenköy Cemaati’s schools in Africa south of the Sahara reveal their rapprochement in novel ways. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Turkey, Tanzania, and Senegal, this article shows that the complex relations between the Turkish state and Sufi orders in the field of education in Africa are facilitated by a constellation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Situating ethnographic data in historical context, it argues that the Islamic schools of Erenköy Cemaati are produced by the overlapping processes of the NGOization of Sufi orders in response to earlier state repression in Turkey and the NGOization of education in the wake of the neoliberal restructuring in Africa. While contributing to our understanding of post-coup Turkey and its evolving relations with Africa south of the Sahara, this article provides at the same time a new window into the NGOization of Islamic education on the continent.
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