We present the results of the one-year long observational campaign of the type II plateau SN 2005cs, which exploded in the nearby spiral galaxy M51 (the Whirlpool galaxy). This extensive data set ...makes SN 2005cs the best observed low-luminosity, 56Ni-poor type II plateau event so far and one of the best core-collapse supernovae ever. The optical and near-infrared spectra show narrow P-Cygni lines characteristic of this SN family, which are indicative of a very low expansion velocity (about 1000 km s−1) of the ejected material. The optical light curves cover both the plateau phase and the late-time radioactive tail, until about 380 d after core-collapse. Numerous unfiltered observations obtained by amateur astronomers give us the rare opportunity to monitor the fast rise to maximum light, lasting about 2 d. In addition to optical observations, we also present near-infrared light curves that (together with already published ultraviolet observations) allow us to construct for the first time a reliable bolometric light curve for an object of this class. Finally, comparing the observed data with those derived from a semi-analytic model, we infer for SN 2005cs a 56Ni mass of about 3 × 10−3 M⊙, a total ejected mass of 8–13 M⊙ and an explosion energy of about 3 × 1050 erg.
The Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs), thanks to their large apertures and cutting-edge Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) systems, promise to deliver sharper and deeper data even than the JWST. ...SHARP is a concept study for a near-IR (0.95-2.45 \(\mu\)m) spectrograph conceived to fully exploit the collecting area and the angular resolution of the upcoming generation of ELTs. In particular, SHARP is designed for the 2nd port of MORFEO@ELT. Composed of a Multi-Object Spectrograph, NEXUS, and a multi-Integral Field Unit, VESPER, MORFEO-SHARP will deliver high angular (\(\sim\)30 mas) and spectral (R\(\simeq\)300, 2000, 6000, 17000) resolution, outperforming NIRSpec@JWST (100 mas). SHARP will enable studies of the nearby Universe and the early Universe in unprecedented detail. NEXUS is fed by a configurable slit system deploying up to 30 slits with \(\sim\)2.4 arcsec length and adjustable width, over a field of about 1.2"\(\times\)1.2" (35 mas/pix). Each slit is fed by an inversion prism able to rotate by an arbitrary angle the field that can be seen by the slit. VESPER is composed of 12 probes of 1.7"\(\times\)1.5" each (spaxel 31 mas) probing a field 24"\(\times\)70". SHARP is conceived to exploit the ELTs apertures reaching the faintest flux and the sharpest angular resolution by joining the sensitivity of NEXUS and the high spatial sampling of VESPER to MORFEO capabilities. This article provides an overview of the scientific design drivers, their solutions, and the resulting optical design of the instrument achieving the required optical performance.
Since its foundation in 2002, the Italian Silica Network (NIS), a collaborative network of professionals and public authorities, has been engaged in several aspects of research, control, and ...prevention of silica exposure and effects, and also in support for compensation claims for silica-related occupational health effects in Italy.
We start with a report on the NIS point of view concerning the recent scientific results (from epidemiology and laboratory studies), including those carried out by NIS in cooperation with Italian universities and other public agencies. This is followed by a description of the data on silica exposure in different Italian workplaces and guidelines for the management of occupational exposure to silica, as developed by two model regional programmes for the ceramics industry, metal foundries and tunnel excavation.
The NIS initiatives highlighted the persistence of workplace conditions posing a significant risk for silica-related health effects, particularly in small industries and workshops. Experimental work has also shown that a number of physical and chemical factors affect the bioreactivity of silica particles.
Based on NIS experience, it appears clear that currently conditions exist in Italy so as to positively contribute to the WHO Programme for the eradication of silicosis and the other diseases related to silica exposure. In order to achieve this goal, a coordinated and wide-ranging effort is required to reduce the wide gap in specific prevention activities, particularly in small industries and workshops, where high levels of silica exposure sometimes occur.
ERIS, the Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph, is an instrument that both extends and enhances the fundamental diffraction limited imaging and spectroscopy capability for the VLT. It replaces ...two instruments that were being maintained beyond their operational lifetimes, combines their functionality on a single focus, provides a new wavefront sensing module for natural and laser guide stars that makes use of the Adaptive Optics Facility, and considerably improves on their performance. The observational modes ERIS provides are integral field spectroscopy at 1-2.5 {\mu}m, imaging at 1-5 {\mu}m with several options for high contrast imaging, and longslit spectroscopy at 3-4 {\mu}m, The instrument is installed at the Cassegrain focus of UT4 at the VLT and, following its commissioning during 2022, has been made available to the community.
Here it is analyzed the expression of a mini locus dual reporter construct composed by a micro-LCR and by the promoters for
Aγ- and β-globin gene, each one linked to a different Luciferase, in stably ...transfected GM979 cells for as long as 1–2 years from transfection. The transfected GM979 cells rapidly (within 1 month) evolved into a stable population which expresses constant levels of reporters for more than a year of continuous bulk culture. No silencing of the inserted construct was observed over time. In contrast, after 1 month, the reporter activity (both from
Aγ- and β-promoter) expressed per cell increased over time. The analysis of the Luciferase contained in single cell clones indicated that the higher reporter activity was due to increased gene expression per cell rather than to clonal selection of the most expressing clones. Since the activity driven by the β-promoter increased 10-fold more than that driven by the
Aγ one, the ratio between
Aγ-driven/(
Aγ-driven + β-driven) reporter activity in the cells decreased after 1 month and became similar to the γ/(γ + β) globin mRNA ratio expressed by adult erythroid cells. Moreover, although both cells from early and late bulk culture responded to incubation with butyric acid, a known inducer of fetal globin gene expression, by increasing the reporter activity driven by the
Aγ-promoter, only cells from late bulk culture decreased, as normal primary erythroblasts do, the activity of the reporter driven by the β-promoter. These results suggest that the rapid changes in activity driven by the
Aγ- and β-globin promoters occurring during the first month after transfection may represent a novel in vitro model to study epigenetic regulation of the
Aγ- and β-promoter during the fetal to adult hemoglobin switch and confirm GM979 cells stably transfected with the dual reporter construct as a reliable assay for automated screening of chemical inducers of fetal globin gene activation.
Aims. We present optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry of supernova (SN) 2008fv and a brief investigation of SN type Ia to search for possible correlations between the properties of NIR light ...curves and the optical decline rate. Methods. We analyse our BVRI and JHK observations to derive light curves (LCs), colour curves, and the bolometric behaviour of SN 2008fv. Data range from about five days before to two months after maximum. We also collect a database of the main characteristics of NIR LCs of SNe Ia available in literature. Results. We find close similarities between the observed LCs of the SN event studied here and SN 2000E. SN 2008fv is a slow-declining SNe Ia with a post-maximum decline of Δm15,B = 0.96 ± 0.08 mag and a B-band maximum luminosity of MB,0 = −19.40 ± 0.1 mag, close to the value of normal SNe Ia. The optical and NIR data allow us to constrain the host galaxy reddening of NGC 3147, E(B − V) = 0.22 ± 0.05 mag and its distance μ = 33.2 ± 0.1 mag. Furthermore, we derive a synthesized 56Ni mass of about 0.7 M⊙, by using the well-known relation between the maximum luminosity of the uvoir bolometric light curve and the initial content of 56Ni. We investigate the correlation between the NIR characteristics of LCs and optical properties by collecting data of a sample of 40 SNe. We derive quantitative relationships involving the epoch of the secondary maximum in the JHK bands and the decline rate Δm15(B). Further, we find no correlations between Δm15 measured in the JHK bands and the optical Δm15(B). In contrast, quite evident correlations with the Δm15(B) and Δm40(J)/Δm15(H).
This study aims to presents optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry of supernova (SN) 2008fv and a brief investigation of SN type Ia to search for possible correlations between the properties of ...NIR light curves and the optical decline rate. The authors analyse BVRI and JHK observations to derive light curves (LC), colour curves, and the bolometric behaviour of SN2008fv. Data range from about five days before to two months after maximum. The optical and NIR data allow them to constrain the host galaxy reddening of NGC 3147, E(B-V) = 0.22 plus or minus 0.05 mag and its distance mu = 33.2 plus or minus 0.1 mag. The authors investigate the correlation between the NIR characteristics of LCs and optical properties by collecting data of a sample of 40 SNe. Further, The authors find no correlations between ...m sub( 15) measured in the JHK bands and the optical ...m sub( 15)(B).(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
PDF
