Purpose: This study evaluated the association of surface degradation and formation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm in resin-based composites (RBCs) after storage in different acidic ...liquids.Methods: To evaluate microhardness and surface micromorphology, hybrid and nanohybrid RBC discs were stored in artificial gastric acid, cola drink, orange juice, artificial saliva, and distilled water for three intervals of 15 min per day for 7, 15, and 30 days. After 30 days of storage, surface roughness was analyzed, and the RBC discs were placed in a biofilm reactor inoculated with S. mutans to evaluate surface biofilm formation.Results: As compared with nanohybrid RBCs, roughness and surface microhardness values were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for hybrid RBCs stored in artificial gastric acid, followed by specimens stored in cola drink and orange juice. Artificial gastric acid caused greater surface degradation, which increased the biomass of S. mutans on the surface of both RBC types.Conclusion: Surface degradation of hybrid and nanohybrid RBCs correlated with the pH of the liquid, while S. mutans biofilm formation was associated with increased surface roughness in hybrid RBCs.
Malnutrition in patients undergoing hemodialysis is frequent and associated with a reduction in muscular mass and strength, with an increment in biomarkers of inflammation and oxidation.
Randomized, ...multicenter, parallel-group trial in malnourished hemodialysis patients with three groups (1) control (C) individualized diet, (2) oral nutritional supplement-ONS- + placebo-SU- PL-, and (3) ONS + probiotics-SU-PR; the trial was open regarding the intake of ONS or individualized diet recommendations, but double-blind for the intake of probiotics. We obtained, at baseline and after 3 and 6 months, anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dietary records, and routine biochemical parameters. Inflammation and oxidation were determined using ELISA techniques (Versamax and ProcartaPlex multiplex Immunoassay). Results were analyzed by intention to treat.
A total of 31 patients (11 corresponding to group C, 10 to SU-PL, and 10 to SU-PR) completed the 6-months trial. The two groups that took supplements significantly increased their protein calorie, fat (total and n-3), and fiber intake. Weight and fat-free mass (FFM) also increased significantly in the groups on supplements, both at 3 and 6 months, and dynamometry did so in the SU-PL group. At month 3, prealbumin and vitamin D were significantly increased in the SU-TOT (SU-PL + SU-PR) group. No changes were observed regarding levels of phosphorus and potassium in any of the groups. Urea increased significantly at 6 months in the SU-PL group. There were significant changes in some inflammation biomarkers in the groups on supplements during the intervention (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, bone morphogenetic protein-2, MCP-1, IL-1-beta, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-8). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased significantly in the supplemented patients, with no significant changes observed in isoprostanes.
The specific ONS improved protein-calorie intake, nutritional status (mainly FFM), and some biomarkers of inflammation/oxidation. The addition of probiotics could have a synergistic effect with ONS in such biomarkers.
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/, identifier NCT03924089.
To date it is not clear what the role of dairy products is in metabolic diseases like diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Therefore, the aim of this study is to test the association between dairy ...product consumption and those pathologies. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5081 adults included in the di@bet.es study, from 100 health centers around Spain. Food frequency questionnaires were carried out concerning consumption habits, which included dairy product consumption. Logistic regression models were used for the association analyses between the variables controlling confounding variables. Women had a higher consumption of milk, cheese, or yogurt than men (
< 0.0001), but men consumed more sugar dairy products (
< 0.001). People who live in the North of Spain consume more dairy products than those who live in the East. Dairy product consumption was inversely associated with the presence of hypertension regardless of age, sex, geographical region, and body mass index (BMI) (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.743;
= 0.022). The presence of obesity was inversely associated with dairy consumption regardless of age, sex, and geographical region (OR 0.61;
< 0.001). Milk consumption was not associated with diabetes. Our results show that consuming dairy products is associated with a better metabolic profile in the Spanish population.
The satiating effects of cow dairy have been thoroughly investigated; however, the effects of goat dairy on appetite have not been reported so far. Our study investigates the satiating effect of two ...breakfasts based on goat or cow dairy and their association with appetite related hormones and metabolic profile. Healthy adults consumed two breakfasts based on goat (G-Breakfast) or cow (C-Breakfast) dairy products. Blood samples were taken and VAS tests were performed at different time points. Blood metabolites were measured and Combined Satiety Index (CSI) and areas under the curves (AUC) were calculated. Desire to eat rating was significantly lower (breakfast & time interaction
< 0.01) and hunger rating tended to be lower (breakfast & time interaction
= 0.06) after the G-breakfast. None of the blood parameters studied were different between breakfasts; however, AUC
was inversely associated with the AUC
and AUC
after the G-Breakfast, whereas triglyceride levels were directly associated with AUC
after the C-Breakfast. Our results suggest a slightly higher satiating effect of goat dairy when compared to cow dairy products, and pointed to a potential association of GLP-1 and triglyceride levels with the mechanisms by which dairy products might affect satiety after the G-Breakfast and C-Breakfast, respectively.
Background and Aims
We aimed to assess the associations of exposure to air pollutants and standard and advanced lipoprotein measures, in a nationwide sample representative of the adult population of ...Spain.
Methods
We included 4647 adults (>18 years), participants in the national, cross‐sectional, population‐based di@bet.es study, conducted in 2008–2010. Standard lipid measurements were analysed on an Architect C8000 Analyzer (Abbott Laboratories SA). Lipoprotein analysis was made by an advanced 1H‐NMR lipoprotein test (Liposcale®). Participants were assigned air pollution concentrations for particulate matter <10 μm (PM10), <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), corresponding to the health examination year, obtained by modelling combined with measurements taken at air quality stations (CHIMERE chemistry‐transport model).
Results
In multivariate linear regression models, each IQR increase in PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 was associated with 3.3%, 3.3% and 3% lower levels of HDL‐c and 1.3%, 1.4% and 1.1% lower HDL particle (HDL‐p) concentrations (p < .001 for all associations). In multivariate logistic regression, there was a significant association between PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations and the odds of presenting low HDL‐c (<40 mg/dL), low HDL‐p (<p25) and higher LDL particle (LDL‐p) concentrations (≥p75). In subgroup analyses there were stronger associations between PM10 and NO2 and low HDL‐p in men (p for interaction .008 and .034), and between NO2 and low HDL‐p in individuals with obesity (p for interaction .015).
Conclusions
Our study shows an association between the exposure to air pollutants and blood lipids in the general population of Spain, suggesting a link to atherosclerosis.
In this national, cross‐sectional, population‐based study, carried out in the Spanish population, each IQR increase in PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 was associated with 3.3%, 3.3% and 3% lower levels of HDL‐c and 1.3%, 1.4% and 1.1% lower HDL particle (HDL‐p) concentrations (p < .001 for all associations). There was a significant association between PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations and the odds of presenting low HDL‐c (<40 mg/dL), low HDL‐p (<p25) and higher LDL particle (LDL‐p) concentrations (≥p75).
Exposure to air particulate matter has been linked with hypertension and blood pressure levels. The metabolic risks of air pollution could vary according to the specific characteristics of each area, ...and has not been sufficiently evaluated in Spain. We analyzed 1103 individuals, participants in a Spanish nationwide population based cohort study (di@bet.es), who were free of hypertension at baseline (2008-2010) and completed a follow-up exam of the cohort (2016-2017). Cohort participants were assigned air pollution concentrations for particulate matter < 10 μm (PM
) and < 2.5 μm (PM
) during follow-up (2008-2016) obtained through modeling combined with measurements taken at air quality stations (CHIMERE chemistry-transport model). Mean and SD concentrations of PM
and PM
were 20.17 ± 3.91 μg/m
and 10.83 ± 2.08 μg/m
respectively. During follow-up 282 cases of incident hypertension were recorded. In the fully adjusted model, compared with the lowest quartile of PM
the multivariate weighted ORs (95% CIs) for developing hypertension with increasing PM
exposures were 0.82 (0.59-1.14), 1.28 (0.93-1.78) and 1.45 (1.05-2.01) in quartile 2, 3 and 4 respectively (p for a trend of 0.003). The corresponding weighted ORs according to PM
exposures were 0.80 (0.57-1.13), 1.11 (0.80-1.53) and 1.48 (1.09-2.00) (p for trend 0.004). For each 5-μg/m
increment in PM
and PM
concentrations, the odds for incident hypertension increased 1.22 (1.06-1.41) p = 0.007 and 1.39 (1.07-1.81) p = 0.02 respectively. In conclusion, our study contributes to assessing the impact of particulate pollution on the incidence of hypertension in Spain, reinforcing the need for improving air quality as much as possible in order to decrease the risk of cardiometabolic disease in the population.
Prefabricated dowels do not always provide intraradicular sealing in the root canal dentin, and the lack of sealing predisposes the dowel to adhesive failure and debonding. It is unclear if ...fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels provide better sealing.
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the intraradicular sealing and morphological fit of prefabricated dowels and fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels in root canal dentin. The thickness of the resin cement layer and push-out bond strength were determined to assess their effects on the sealing of the dowels.
A total of 50 permanent maxillary central incisors were endodontically treated and divided into 2 subgroups (n=25). In one group, prefabricated dowels were cemented; in the second group, fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels were placed. The thickness of the resin cement layer was assessed in 3 different locations: coronal, middle, and apical of the root canal dentin with fluorescence confocal laser microscopy. The push-out bond strength was then determined, and intraradicular sealing observed by using scanning electron microscopy.
Fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels showed a closer intraradicular fit and seal in the root canal dentin, and the morphology of the apical portion of the fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels showed a sealing area with the gutta percha in the apical portion. The mean thickness of the resin cement layer was significantly reduced for the fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels compared with the prefabricated dowels (P<.05) in the cervical area (197.0 μm versus 311.0 μm) and in the apical portion of the root canal (57.3 μm versus 131.6 μm). The mean push-out strength was higher for the fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels (22.98 N/mm2) than that for the prefabricated dowels (16.49 N/mm2) (P<.05).
The morphological fit of fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels provides better intraradicular sealing in the cervical and apical portions, reducing the resin cement thickness. The increased push-out strength can therefore be assumed to result from increased frictional retention compared with prefabricated dowels.
Abstract
Background
Recent reports have suggested that air pollution may impact thyroid function, although the evidence is still scarce and inconclusive. In this study we evaluated the association of ...exposure to air pollutants to thyroid function parameters in a nationwide sample representative of the adult population of Spain.
Methods
The Di@bet.es study is a national, cross-sectional, population-based survey which was conducted in 2008-2010 using a random cluster sampling of the Spanish population. The present analyses included 3859 individuals, without a previous thyroid disease diagnosis, and with negative thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO Abs) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of 0.1-20 mIU/L. Participants were assigned air pollution concentrations for particulate matter <2.5μm (PM
2.5
) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO
2
), corresponding to the health examination year, obtained by means of modeling combined with measurements taken at air quality stations (CHIMERE chemistry-transport model). TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and TPO Abs concentrations were analyzed using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Modular Analytics E170 Roche).
Results
In multivariate linear regression models, there was a highly significant negative correlation between PM
2.5
concentrations and both FT4 (p<0.001), and FT3 levels (
p
<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, there was a significant association between PM
2.5
concentrations and the odds of presenting high TSH OR 1.24 (1.01-1.52)
p
=0.043, lower FT4 OR 1.25 (1.02-1.54)
p
=0.032 and low FT3 levels 1.48 (1.19-1.84)
p
=<0.001 per each IQR increase in PM
2.5
(4.86 μg/m
3
). There was no association between NO
2
concentrations and thyroid hormone levels. No significant heterogeneity was seen in the results between groups of men, pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women.
Conclusions
Exposures to PM
2.5
in the general population were associated with mild alterations in thyroid function.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective It has been proposed that a mild form of acquired resistance to thyroid hormone may occur in the general population. Its clinical significance remains largely unknown. The objective of the ...study was to explore whether a newly described thyroid hormone resistance index is associated with the risk of mortality in a sample of community-dwelling euthyroid subjects representative of the adult population of Spain. Design Longitudinal observational study including 3750 individuals, free of thyroid disease, TPO antibodies-negative (<50 IU/mL) and with TSH levels within the euthyroid range (≥0.5 and ≤5.0 mUI/mL) participating in the nationwide study Di@bet.es (2008–2010). Methods We used the Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI) as a marker of resistance to thyroid hormone. The study population was grouped into categories according to their TFQI values at baseline. Fatal events were ascertained from the national death registry (end of follow-up December 2016). Results A total of 231 deaths were recorded during an average follow-up of 7.3 years. Compared with the category with the highest sensitivity to free thyroxine (TFQI ≤ p5) (reference), the relative risk of mortality in the categories with TFQI > p5 and ≤p25; >p25 and ≤p50; >p50 and ≤p75; >p75 and ≤p95 and >p95 were 1.01, (0.47–2.19), 1.42 (0.68–2.97), 1.54 (0.74–3.22), 1.47 (0.70–3.11) and 2.61 (1.16–5.89), respectively (P for trend 0.003). The association remained significant after multivariate adjustment of the data (P for trend 0.017). Conclusions A thyroid hormone resistance index focused on deviations of the average pituitary response to thyroid hormones may be associated with all-cause mortality independently of other conventional risk factors and comorbidities.
•Deg-100 and Gla-300 had similar effect on HbA1c in adults with type 1 diabetes.•Basal insulin requirements were lower for Deg-100 than for Glar-300.•Higher incidence rate of ...hypoglycemia < 3.9 mmol/L and < 3.0 mmol/L in Deg-100 group.•Differences in the incidence rate of hypoglycemia should be confirmed.
To compare efficacy and safety of degludec 100 IU/mL (Deg-100) and glargine 300 IU/mL (Gla-300) in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Open-label, single-center, randomized, parallel-group, 24-week trial in adults with type 1 diabetes, on basal-bolus insulin therapy, HbA1c ≤ 10%, using self-monitoring blood glucose. Participants were randomized 1:1 to a basal-bolus insulin regimen with Deg-100 (N = 129) or Gla-300 (N = 131). Primary efficacy endpoint: mean change in HbA1c from baseline to week-24. Main safety outcome: incidence rate of hypoglycemia during the study. Quality of life (DQOL) and satisfaction with diabetes treatment (DTSQ) were assessed.
At week 24, after adjusting for baseline HbA1c, the decrease in HbA1c did not differ between groups: Deg-100 (−0.07 ± 0.7%) and Gla-300 (−0.16 ± 0.77%) (P = 0.320). There were no significant differences between groups in HbA1c, nocturnal hypoglycemia, severe hypoglycemia, DQOL, or DTSQ scores. The incidence rates of hypoglycemia < 3.9 mmol/L (Deg-100: 115.24 events/person-year vs Gla-300: 99.01 events/person-year, p < 0.001); and < 3.0 mmol/L (Deg-100: 41.17 events/person-year vs Gla-300: 34.29 events/person-year, p < 0.001) were different between groups.
Deg-100 and Gla-300 have similar metabolic efficacy, incidence ratio of nocturnal and severe hypoglycemia, DQOL and DTSQ scores. Differences in the incidence rate of hypoglycemia < 3.9 mmol/L and < 3.0 mmol/L should be confirmed.
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