Abstract
A sunspot observation program was started at the end of the 19th century at the Stonyhurst College Observatory (hereafter SCO) by Father Perry, director of the observatory at that time. A ...digitization of the daily sunspot area series recorded in this observatory from 1886 to 1940 (with a gap between 1889 and 1897) is provided in this work. This depicts one of the oldest sunspot area series available. A comparison of this series with contemporary area series made in other observatories shows that SCO generally recorded larger areas than those in some of the observatories of that time such as, for example, the Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO). Furthermore, SCO published a sunspot group catalog for the period 1921–1935. We provide a machine-readable version of this catalog. We compared the SCO group number series with other sunspot data obtained from other observatories. In this case, for example, the RGO systematically recorded more groups than the SCO. We compared SCO and RGO area distribution functions obtaining the calibration constant between both data sets. We also obtained the butterfly diagram from the group latitudes recorded by SCO and compared the percentages of group types computed from the SCO catalog with those from Valencia Observatory (following the Cortie morphological classification of sunspot groups), identifying their similarities and differences.
Abstract
Background
In 2017, 69 108 work-related traffic injuries with medical leave were documented, constituting 12% of all occupational injuries (OI) in Spain.
Aims
The aim of this study was to ...describe OI within a Spanish bank company during 2017.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the company’s mandatory OI records, presenting data in both absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies. The chi-square test was employed for comparisons.
Results
Among the company’s 10 399 employees, 176 OI cases were recorded. Most were minor musculoskeletal incidents, with one severe myocardial infarction and one mild anxiety episode. Lower limb injuries were the most prevalent. Injuries of the trunk (P < 0.001), neck (P < 0.05), and upper limbs (P < 0.001) were linked to workplace factors. Approximately 62% of OI occurred outside the workplace and resulted in more extended medical leave (P < 0.01). Traffic-related injuries accounted for 39% of OI cases and caused 49% of days lost due to OI (P < 0.001).
Female gender (P < 0.001) and age over 40 years (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with OI.
Conclusions
In our study, musculoskeletal injuries were the most common, with a single cardiovascular event being the most severe. OI occurring outside the workplace was more frequent and led to longer medical leaves. Notably, traffic-related injuries were especially significant, exceeding official statistics 4-fold.
Within our sample, musculoskeletal injuries were the most common, with a single cardiovascular event being the most severe. Occupational injuries occurring outside the workplace were more common and led to longer medical leave. Notably, traffic-related injuries exceeded official statistics 4-fold. We propose that Public Health and Occupational Medicine devise strategies to prevent these injuries. Despite their occurrence primarily outside the workplace, Spanish law classifies them as occupational injuries.
In this work, we present hemispheric sunspot number counts made in the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Valencia for the period 1940 – 1956. We found these data in a secondary source ...(the bulletins of the Madrid Astronomical Observatory). We digitized the hemispheric sunspot number and group number recorded by the observers. Unfortunately, the sunspot positions or areas were not published in this secondary source. A machine-readable version of the dataset is available as supplementary material. We compare the Valencia hemispheric series with others from other observatories, such as the Madrid Astronomical Observatory, finding similar hemispheric behaviors. We also computed the asymmetry index from the hemispheric data. We found that the northern hemisphere was predominant in our study period (declining phase of Solar Cycle 17, Solar Cycle 18, and rising phase of Solar Cycle 19), and the southern hemisphere was leading. These results agree with those obtained in previous studies. Therefore, the Valencia hemispheric records are one more piece of information to know the behavior of the northern and southern hemispheres during the 20th century.
The ratio of penumbral to umbral area of sunspots is an important topic for solar and geophysical studies. Hathaway (
Solar Phys.
286
, 347,
2013
) found a curious behaviour in this parameter for ...small sunspot groups (areas smaller than 100 millionths of solar hemisphere, msh) using records from Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO). Hathaway showed that the penumbra–umbra ratio decreased smoothly from more than 7 in 1905 to lower than 3 by 1930 and then increased to almost 8 in 1961. Thus, Hathaway proposed the existence of a secular variation in the penumbra–umbra area ratio. In order to confirm that secular variation, we employ data of the sunspot catalogue published by the Coimbra Astronomical Observatory (COI) for the period 1929 – 1941. Our results disagree with the penumbra–umbra ratio found by Hathaway for that period. However, the behaviour of this ratio for large (areas greater or equal than 100 msh) and small groups registered in COI during 1929 – 1941 is similar to data available from RGO for the periods 1874 – 1914 and 1950 – 1976. Nevertheless, while the average values and time evolution of the ratio in large groups are similar those for small groups according to the Coimbra data (1929 – 1941) it is not analogous for RGO data for the same period. We also found that the behaviour of the penumbra–umbra area ratio for smaller groups in both observatories is significantly different. The main difference between the area measurements made in Coimbra and RGO is associated with the umbra measurements. We would like to stress that the two observatories used different methods of observation and while in COI both methodology and instruments did not change during the study period, some changes were carried out in RGO that could have affected measurements of umbra and penumbra. These facts illustrate the importance of the careful recovery of past solar data.
The solar program of the Astronomical Observatory of Madrid started in 1876. Observations were made in this institution to determine sunspot numbers and areas for ten solar cycles. The program was ...completed in 1986 and the resulting data have been published in various Spanish scientific publications. Four periods of this program (with different observers and instruments) were identified with the aid of the interesting metadata that has been made available. In the present work, the published data were retrieved and digitized. Their subsequent analysis showed that most of these data could be considered reliable given their very high correlation with reference indices (international sunspot number, group sunspot number, and sunspot area). An abrupt change emerged in the sunspots/groups ratio in 1946, which lasted until 1972.
A sunspot catalog was published by the Madrid Astronomical Observatory from sunspot observations made by Rafael Carrasco and his assistants for the period November 1931 – December 1933. We have ...digitized this catalog and carried out a quality control to detect inconsistencies. We present a machine-readable version of this sunspot catalog together with an erratum list. Moreover, we compared the Madrid sunspot number and area with other reference series. We found that sunspots in the northern hemisphere were predominant during this period, confirming previous studies. We have also analyzed the group morphological typologies registered in the catalog and show a butterfly diagram drawn with this new information. A comparison with the sunspot catalog by the Royal Greenwich Observatory shows that almost all the groups included in the Carrasco’s catalog are also present in the aforementioned catalog.
A sunspot catalogue was published by the Coimbra Astronomical Observatory (Portugal), which is now called the Geophysical and Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra, for the period ...1929 – 1941. We digitalised data included in that catalogue and provide a machine-readable version. We show the reconstructions for the (total and hemispheric) sunspot number index and sunspot area according to this catalogue and compare it with the sunspot number index (version 2) and the Balmaceda sunspot area series (Balmaceda
et al.
in
J. Geophys. Res.
114
, A07104,
2009
). Moreover, we also compared the Coimbra catalogue with records made at the Royal Greenwich Observatory. The results demonstrate that the historical catalogue compiled by the Coimbra Astronomical Observatory contains reliable sunspot data and can therefore be considered for studies about solar activity.
Abstract
A series of measurements of the solar diameter taken in the meridian line of the Basilica of San Petronio (Bologna, Italy) between 1655 and 1736 has been analyzed. This series is of interest ...because the measurement period includes the Maunder Minimum (1645–1715; hereafter MM) when solar activity was abnormally low. Some authors have suggested an increase of the solar diameter during the MM. Trying to detect these changes, statistical analyses comparing measurements taken in San Petronio during the MM (1655–1715) and other ones taken in a subsequent period (1716–1736) have been performed. Mann–Whitney U tests and Student’s t-tests indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in the medians and averages of the solar diameter in both periods. In fact, we have found differences around 0.″6 in the medians and the averages, which are below the mean accuracy of the instrument. Therefore, we conclude that there is no difference between the solar diameter value measured during the MM (1655–1715) and that for the subsequent period 1716–1736. This implies that there has not been an increase in the solar diameter of several arcseconds during the MM as has been speculated by some authors.
Sunspot catalogs are very useful for studying the solar activity of the recent past. In this context, a catalog covering more than three solar cycles made by the astronomers of the Madrid ...Astronomical Observatory in Spain (nowadays, the National Astronomical Observatory) from 1952 until 1986 has been recovered. Moreover, a machine-readable version of this catalog has been made available. We have recovered abundant metadata and studied the reliability of this dataset by comparing it with other sunspot catalogs.
Early Spanish meteorological records (1780–1850) Domínguez‐Castro, F.; Vaquero, J. M.; Rodrigo, F. S. ...
International journal of climatology,
15 March 2014, Letnik:
34, Številka:
3
Journal Article
PDF
