Advancements in genetic testing have led to Usher syndrome now being diagnosed at a much earlier age than in the past, enabling the provision of early intervention and support to children and ...families. Despite these developments, anecdotal reports suggest there are substantial gaps in the services and supports provided to parents of children with Usher syndrome. The current study investigated the support needs of parents of children with Usher syndrome Type 1 when their child was aged 0 to 5 years.
Purposive sampling was used, and six semi-structured interviews were conducted with Australian parents of children with Usher syndrome, Type 1. Data was analysed using modified reflexive thematic analysis.
Four key themes were identified as being central to the support needs of parents of children with Usher syndrome aged 0 to 5 years. (1) Social Needs referred to parents' need for various sources of social support, (2) Informational Needs described the lack of information parents received regarding Usher syndrome from treating professionals, (3) Practical Needs included supports needed to assist parents in managing the day-to-day tasks of caring for a child with a disability, and (4) Emotional Needs represented the emotional support (both formal and informal) that parents needed to be a positive support to their child.
Findings provide rich information for relevant support groups, policy makers, individual healthcare professionals, and professional governing bodies regarding the education of stakeholders and the development and implementation of best-practice treatment guidelines.
We developed a “continual engagement” model to better integrate knowledge from policy makers, communities, and researchers with the goal of promoting more effective action to balance poverty ...alleviation and wildlife conservation in 4 pastoral ecosystems of East Africa. The model involved the creation of a core boundary-spanning team, including community facilitators, a policy facilitator, and transdisciplinary researchers, responsible for linking with a wide range of actors from local to global scales. Collaborative researcher–facilitator community teams integrated local and scientific knowledge to help communities and policy makers improve herd quality and health, expand biodiversity payment schemes, develop land-use plans, and fully engage together in pastoral and wildlife policy development. This model focused on the creation of hybrid scientific–local knowledge highly relevant to community and policy maker needs. The facilitation team learned to be more effective by focusing on noncontroversial livelihood issues before addressing more difficult wildlife issues, using strategic and periodic engagement with most partners instead of continual engagement, and reducing costs by providing new scientific information only when deemed essential. We conclude by examining the role of facilitation in redressing asymmetries in power in researcher–community–policy maker teams, the role of individual values and character in establishing trust, and how to sustain knowledge-action links when project funding ends.
A Reflux Classifier involves the liquid fluidization of particles into a set of parallel inclined channels. Closely spaced inclined channels promote a combination of laminar flow and a high shear ...rate, which in turn promote the elutriation of the particles according to their density. The hydrodynamics of the particle transport within the inclined channels was examined theoretically by combining established equations for describing the fluid flow, the terminal velocity of a particle, and the shear induced inertial lift, with no adjustable parameters. The theoretical calculations provided excellent agreement with a comprehensive experimental data set, demonstrating the significance of the inertial lift force that arises at a high shear rate under the condition of laminar flow. Complex features of the experimental data were described theoretically. This work explains how it is possible to elutriate particles according to their density, with the effects of particle size suppressed. A remarkable convergence of several criteria was found to be necessary for achieving the reported phenomena.
Summary
Objectives
: To survey international regulatory frameworks that serve to protect privacy of personal data as a human right as well as to review the literature regarding privacy protections ...and data ownership in mobile health (mHealth) technologies between January 1, 2016 and June 1, 2019 in order to identify common themes.
Methods
: We performed a review of relevant literature available in English published between January 1, 2016 and June 1, 2019 from databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, as well as relevant legislative background material. Articles out of scope (as detailed below) were eliminated. We categorized the remaining pool of articles and discrete themes were identified, specifically: concerns around data transmission and storage, including data ownership and the ability to re-identify previously de-identified data; issues with user consent (including the availability of appropriate privacy policies) and access control; and the changing culture and variable global attitudes toward privacy of health data.
Results
: Recent literature demonstrates that the security of mHealth data storage and transmission remains of wide concern, and aggregated data that were previously considered “de-identified” have now been demonstrated to be re-identifiable. Consumer-informed consent may be lacking with regard to mHealth applications due to the absence of a privacy policy and/or to text that is too complex and lengthy for most users to comprehend. The literature surveyed emphasizes improved access control strategies. This survey also illustrates a wide variety of global user perceptions regarding health data privacy.
Conclusion
: The international regulatory framework that serves to protect privacy of personal data as a human right is diverse. Given the challenges legislators face to keep up with rapidly advancing technology, we introduce the concept of a “healthcare fiduciary” to serve the best interest of data subjects in the current environment.
This is the first of a series of publications concerned with a novel system that transforms the hydrodynamics of flotation. This system, referred to as a Reflux Flotation Cell, consists of a vertical ...flotation zone, with a system of parallel inclined channels below. The system is enclosed at the top by a fluidization distributor, while a central port is used to discharge the overflow product. The inclined channels located below the vertical section enhance the segregation of the bubbles from the tailings flow, permitting separations to be conducted at bubble surface fluxes well beyond the normal flooding condition, while also permitting extreme wash water fluxes. The system hydrodynamics produces spherical bubbly-foam, with a bubble volume fraction of order 0.5, ideal for counter-current washing, and hence desliming.
This paper addresses two objectives. The first concerns the fluidization boundary condition at the top of the device. We identify for the first time a conundrum that arises when Drift Flux theory and fluidization theory are used to describe the effect of wash water addition in flotation. A subtle but nevertheless significant change in the predicted bias flux arises when the system is formally fluidized, resulting in the wash water reporting with the overflow, and hence failing to provide the desired desliming. Our experimental work, however, demonstrated that the applied fluidization leads to strong positive bias, with a downwards liquid flux and in turn powerful desliming of hydrophilic particles. Indeed the system behaved as though the wash water was introduced below rather than at the upper boundary.
The second, and most important objective was to assess the system hydrodynamics with respect to extreme gas and wash water fluxes using firstly a particle-free system, and secondly assess the desliming achievable using a system containing hydrophilic particles. Thus in Part I the system was free of hydrophobic particles. The enhanced bubble–liquid segregation arising from the system of inclined channels permitted very high gas fluxes, sufficient to achieve a bubble surface flux of 144m2/m2s, well beyond the theoretical flooding limit of ~100m2/m2s (Wace et al., 1968). This high bubble surface flux was especially significant given this occurred during the application of extreme bias fluxes, as high as 2.5cm/s passing downwards. Experiments involving a silica feed were used to quantify the performance of the desliming, covering extreme gas and fluidization (wash) water fluxes. Silica rejection from the product exceeded 99%.
•The Reflux Flotation Cell transforms the hydrodynamics of flotation.•A conundrum emerges when wash water addition is formally applied at the boundary.•Parallel inclined channels enhance bubble–liquid segregation rates.•Bubble surface fluxes in excess of the normal flooding limit can be used.•Desliming is enhanced via a highly permeable concentrated bubbly zone.
It is well known that particles settle at a velocity dependent on both their size and density. This dependence makes it difficult to efficiently concentrate valuable minerals of a given density, ...unless the density range between the valuable and gangue particles is sufficient to overcome the segregation arising from the particle size range. Here we reveal a method for suppressing the effects of particle size so that particles can be routinely elutriated on the basis of their density. The particles are suspended by fluidizing with water, and then conveyed into channels inclined at 70° to the horizontal, closely spaced with a gap of 1.77
mm. Through the application of these conditions, a fortuitous coincidence arises. Firstly, a high shear rate is produced, sufficient to achieve inertial lift and hence promote the transport of the particles along the inclined surfaces, free of significant lubrication and mechanical friction forces. Secondly, the flow through the channels is laminar, with an almost linear variation in the local velocity with distance from the inclined surface. Hence a given particle resident near an inclined surface experiences a local elutriation velocity proportional to its diameter. These conditions suppress particle size segregation thus allowing the imposed hydraulic velocity to convey particles on the basis of their density.
This is second in a series of papers concerned with the performance of a novel technology, the Reflux Flotation Cell. Part I examined the system hydrodynamics, commencing with a gas–liquid system and ...examination of the fluidization boundary condition. The desliming, or potential to reject entrained fine gangue particles from the product overflow, was investigated by introducing hydrophilic particles. In Part II, a model feed consisting of hydrophobic coal particles and hydrophilic silica was introduced. The separation of these two components was investigated across an extreme range in the applied gas and wash water fluxes, well beyond the usual limits of conventional flotation.
The Reflux Flotation Cell challenges conventional flotation cell design and operation in three ways. Firstly, the upper free-surface of the flotation cell is enclosed by a fluidized bed distributor in order to fluidize the system in a downwards configuration, counter-current to the direction of the rising air bubbles. Secondly, a system of inclined channels is located below the vertical section of the cell, providing a foundation for increasing bubble–liquid segregation rates. Thirdly, the system is operated with a bubbly zone, hence in the absence of a froth zone. This combination of conditions provides for the establishment of a high volume fraction of bubbles in the bubbly zone, of high permeability, ideal for promoting enhanced counter-current washing of the rising bubbles, and hence high quality desliming. The arrangement permitted operation at extreme levels in the value of the fluidization (wash water) flux and the gas flux, with the fluidization flux set at up to 2.1cm/s and the gas flux set at up to 4.7cm/s for a mean bubble size, db, of 1.5mm. These gas and wash water fluxes corresponded to a bubble surface flux of 188m2/m2s and a positive bias flux of 1.7cm/s. Thus the operating regime was shown to be far broader than that achieved by conventional flotation, thereby confirming the robust nature of the system. The model flotation feed provided a basis for establishing the flotation performance across this vast regime of operation. Full combustible recovery of fine coal and full rejection of mineral matter were achieved, with good agreement with the Tree Flotation curve. At extreme levels of wash water addition it was possible to selectively strip poorer floating coal particles from the bubble surface, and in turn achieve beneficiation results significantly better than those defined by the Tree Flotation method.
•Flotation product from a model coal feed is deslimed using a fluidization approach.•Extreme gas and wash water fluxes were achieved, far beyond conventional values.•Full combustible recovery and mineral rejection were obtained.•Selective stripping of coal achieved beneficiation beyond the Tree Flotation method.
A 2 m diameter REFLUX™ Classifier was tested on coal feeds up to 6 mm top size. Solids feed rate was varied from 50 to 160 t/h at suspension concentrations up to 37 wt.% solids. Performance was ...consistent, with product ashes below 10 wt.% for +1 mm particles and reject ashes usually exceeding 70 wt.%. The density cut point could be freely varied and decreased with particle size to the power −0.114. Ep values less than 0.10 were obtained on the composite +0.5 mm material. Ep varied with particle size to the power −0.963. Hence, beneficiation performance for −4.0 + 0.50 mm material approached that of large dense medium cyclones (DMCs). Hence, REFLUX™ Classifiers could be used to increase the capacity of existing plants with minimal capital expenditure. The primary screen aperture size could be raised to around 4 mm, which should significantly increase screen capacity. The +4.0 mm fraction could be sent to the existing DMC circuit, which with a lower fines loading would have increased capacity and medium recovery. The −4.0 mm fraction could be sent to a REFLUX™ Classifier and if required its overflow could then be sent to a flotation circuit.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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