Schizophrenia is a complex genetic disorder. The lack of concordance on disease manifestation in monozygotic twins provides clear evidence that environmental factors are key determinants in disease ...aetiology. In accordance, various environmental modulators such as hormones and vitamins may well contribute to the altered expression pattern of several genes identified in post-mortem brain tissue of patients. We constructed a microarray platform containing 1,808 human genes, where 142 belong to vitamin A, thyroid hormone and estrogens’ metabolic pathways, to specifically address whether these could contribute to a molecular signature of schizophrenia in peripheral lymphocytes. We found that the genes encoding for PLP1, UGT1A6, NTRK1, THRAP1, ESR2, TRIP13, MAPK8, TGFB2, IGFBP4 are differentially expressed in lymphocytes of patients under treatment with clozapine, risperdal or haloperidol. Some of these genes have been previously reported by others to be altered in brain regions of schizophrenic patients, and all are implicated in pathways suggested to be involved in the disease. These observations further support that:
1.
studies in peripheral blood lymphocytes may contribute to reveal candidate genes in schizophrenia;
2.
transcription modulation of several genes may occur through the mediation of vitamin and hormones, therefore linking genes and environment in schizophrenia.
In order to understand the involvement of these genes in schizophrenia, future studies should investigate whether some of the observed changes are replicated in animal models of the disease, and how antipsychotic treatment interferes with their expression.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2012, held in Lyon, France, in October 2012. The 22 papers presented in this volume were ...carefully reviewed and selected from 46 submissions. The field of discovery science aims at inducing and validating new scientific hypotheses from data. The scope of this conference includes the development and analysis of methods for automatic scientific knowledge discovery, machine learning, intelligent data analysis, theory of learning, tools for supporting the human process of discovery in science, as well as their application to knowledge discovery.
Retrorectal tumors are rare entities often found in females during reproductive age. Reports of retrorectal tumors complicating pregnancy are scant. This study presents two cases of retrorectal ...tumors complicating pregnancy and a literature review.
Two patients bearing retrorectal tumors diagnosed during pregnancy were referred to our care at the postpartum period. Both then underwent exploratory laparotomy.
One patient had premature delivery by cesarean section because of hemorrhage from abruptio placentae followed by fetal mortality. Attempts to resect the tumor immediately after delivery had been unfruitful. The tumor was also unresectable on exploratory laparotomy. Biopsy studies of the tumor were consistent with low-grade myosarcoma. Another patient had a benign cystic mass that had been conservatively monitored throughout pregnancy. A healthy baby was delivered at term by cesarean section. The cyst was later resected via Kraske's incision and was diagnosed as cystic teratoma.
Retrorectal tumors may cause significant local effects such as complicated pregnancy. Early detection in the population at risk is needed, as correct diagnosis and treatment may be done only on surgical exploration. During pregnancy, careful monitoring of advanced tumors is mandatory and may be sufficient to prevent maternal and fetal complications.
En quoi le patrimoine immatériel affecte-t-il la notion de patrimonialisation ? La reconnaissance patrimoniale de spécificités locales est-elle conciliable avec un contexte mondial d’homogénéisation ...? Comment construire une connaissance distanciée sur une mémoire conflictuelle et récente ? Les médiations documentaires et numériques se réduisent-elles à un rôle de conservation ou d’illustration des patrimoines ? N’assurent-elles pas la continuité de la mémoire sociale de patrimoines disparus et le renouvellement des pratiques patrimoniales de la société ? L’ouvrage aborde ces questions à travers la problématique de la relation entre la mise en mémoire et la patrimonialisation. Ce point de vue caractérise les chercheurs français et brésiliens qui se sont rassemblés pour rendre visible un domaine de recherche qui leur est transversal et pour lesquels la nouveauté patrimoniale réside dans le renouvellement de la conception de la production des patrimoines à travers la place donnée à la mémoire.
There is a growing interest in the use of variable ventilation and pressure controlled ventilation (PCV). However, the combination of these approaches as “noisy PCV” would require a mechanical ...ventilation system that adapts to the respiratory system mechanics. In this work, we evaluated a new control system based on an adaptive least mean squares approach, which automatically tunes the pattern of the driving pressure during PCV to achieve a desired variability pattern of tidal volume (VT). The controller was tested during numerical simulations, applying step changes in respiratory system mechanics and in mechanical ventilation settings. The time needed to converge (tc) to the desired VT variability pattern after each change, and the difference in minute ventilation (\documentclass12pt{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\rm \triangle$\end{document}MV) between measured and target pattern of VT during tc were determined. The numerical simulations of the new controller resulted in: 1) tc< 30 respiratory cycles, except when underestimation of the apparent elastance of the respiratory system (E*) was > 25 %; 2) tc only minimally influenced by E*; 3) larger tc when E* was not correctly estimated; 4) absolute value of \documentclass12pt{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\rm \triangle$\end{document}MV < 22.2 %. The new noisy PCV controller had a satisfactory performance and could prove interesting for mechanical ventilation practice.
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