We describe an analysis of genome variation in 825 P. falciparum samples from Asia and Africa that identifies an unusual pattern of parasite population structure at the epicenter of artemisinin ...resistance in western Cambodia. Within this relatively small geographic area, we have discovered several distinct but apparently sympatric parasite subpopulations with extremely high levels of genetic differentiation. Of particular interest are three subpopulations, all associated with clinical resistance to artemisinin, which have skewed allele frequency spectra and high levels of haplotype homozygosity, indicative of founder effects and recent population expansion. We provide a catalog of SNPs that show high levels of differentiation in the artemisinin-resistant subpopulations, including codon variants in transporter proteins and DNA mismatch repair proteins. These data provide a population-level genetic framework for investigating the biological origins of artemisinin resistance and for defining molecular markers to assist in its elimination.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Outpatient delivery of geriatric rehabilitation (GR) might contribute to preserving the accessibility and quality of GR, whilst dealing with an increasing demand for healthcare in an aging ...population. However, the application of outpatient GR differs between GR facilities. This study aimed to gain insight into factors influencing outpatient GR utilization.
In this case study, 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with physicians, physiotherapists, nurse practitioners, occupational therapists, and managers in GR. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using summative content analysis.
Various patient-related barriers for using outpatient GR were mentioned including lacking social support and limited capacities and self-management skills. Additionally, professional-related barriers included a lack of awareness and consensus among care professionals regarding the possibilities and potential advantages of outpatient GR. Yet, most perceived barriers were related to efficiency and organization of outpatient GR (e.g., reimbursement system, lacking practical guidance). Still, most participants were in favor of increasing outpatient GR because of expected advantages for patients, GR organizations, and society.
Despite experienced barriers, there seems to be agreement on the need to increase outpatient GR application. It is recommended to use the present findings to develop and evaluate new ways of organizing and reimbursing outpatient GR.
Fundamental algorithms such as sorting or hashing are used trillions of times on any given day
. As demand for computation grows, it has become critical for these algorithms to be as performant as ...possible. Whereas remarkable progress has been achieved in the past
, making further improvements on the efficiency of these routines has proved challenging for both human scientists and computational approaches. Here we show how artificial intelligence can go beyond the current state of the art by discovering hitherto unknown routines. To realize this, we formulated the task of finding a better sorting routine as a single-player game. We then trained a new deep reinforcement learning agent, AlphaDev, to play this game. AlphaDev discovered small sorting algorithms from scratch that outperformed previously known human benchmarks. These algorithms have been integrated into the LLVM standard C++ sort library
. This change to this part of the sort library represents the replacement of a component with an algorithm that has been automatically discovered using reinforcement learning. We also present results in extra domains, showcasing the generality of the approach.
According to Gov. Cuomo and state legislators, the $4.3 billion in new tax revenue is necessary to balance the budget, even after New York receives $12.6 billion in funding from the federal ...government. At a recent press conference, the governor stated that those impacted by the tax rate increases will see a "net reduction" after the federal government removes the state and local tax deduction limitation included in an individual's federal itemized deductions. Politicians earn votes for helping their constituents - which requires funding - and lose votes from those impacted when government programs are cut. ...New York state tax increases have arrived.
Examples are employee deferrals to retirement plans, the sale of securities that will realize capital gains or losses, and charitable contributions. ...a tax advisor can assist with the appropriate ...amount of income tax withholdings on the retirement plan distribution, which directly impacts cash flow. ...higher-income earners often pay higher tax rates on investment income, reducing the aftertax returns.
The new law also rolls out an Emergency Paid Sick Leave Act that requires all private employers of fewer than 500 employees to pay emergency sick leave to employees who cannot work or telework ...because of government quarantine or isolation orders, because they are under medical care for COVID-19 symptoms or diagnosis, because they are caring for someone in quarantine or isolation under governmental or medical provider orders, or because they need to care for children whose schools or daycare centers closed due to COVID-19 precautions. The SBAs Economic Injury Disaster Loan program provides small businesses with working capital loans of up to $2 million that can provide vital economic support to small businesses to help overcome the temporary loss of revenue being experienced at this time. 3. On March 18, the Internal Revenue Service and the Treasury Department issued guidance allowing all individual and other non-corporate tax filers to defer up to $1 million of federal income tax (including self-employment tax) payments due on April 15 until July 15 without incurring penalties or interest As evidence of how fast things continue to evolve, on March 20 Treasury Secretary Mnuchin announced the deadline for April 15 tax filings has been pushed back to July 15 to coincide with the extended payment due date.
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