Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution has been used to study the surface properties of cork from Quercus suber. The dispersive component of its surface energy was determined at ...different temperatures using n -alkanes as probes, and a γDS value of 38 ± 1 mJ · m-2 at 40°C was obtained. The surface acid (A)/base (B) properties were also evaluated by using polar probes and the results indicate that cork has an amphoteric character, with a KA /KB = 1.1. The advantages of IGC, compared with the technique of contact angle measurements in the characterization of the cork surface, are discussed.
Suberin oligomers, isolated from cork (
Quercus suber L.), were used as additives in ‘Waterless’ and vegetable-oil ink formulations, in the range of 2–10% w/w. The rheological behaviour of the ...suberin oligomers as well as of the inks, with and without suberin, were investigated as a function of temperature. It was shown that the addition of suberin induces a decrease of viscosity of both inks. The tack of pristine inks, suberin oligomers and their mixtures were determined at different temperatures: the variation of this parameter as a function of time provided information about the drying kinetics of these formulations. The tack of the ‘Waterless’ ink was found to increase with the introduction of suberin, whereas that of vegetable-oil based counterparts decreased. All the trends observed were interpreted in terms of the differences in composition between the two types of inks. Preliminary printing tests were carried out with the various suberin-containing inks.
Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels Zamponi, Gerald W; Gandini, Maria A; Snutch, Terry P
The Oxford Handbook of the Neurobiology of Pain,
06/2020
Book Chapter
Voltage-gated calcium channels are important contributors to the transmission and processing of nociceptive information in the primary afferent pain pathway. Several types of calcium channels and ...their ancillary subunits are dysregulated in response to nerve injury or inflammation. Notably, calcium channels have emerged as prominent targets for analgesics. This article discusses the roles of specific types of voltage-gated calcium channels in the afferent pain pathway and their utility as pharmacological targets for therapeutic intervention in chronic pain. Several calcium channel subtypes are dysregulated during chronic pain conditions, giving rise to increased neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. N-type calcium channels, Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels, and the Cavα2δ subunit are validated targets for the development and clinical use of small organic analgesics, with R-type channels showing potential as possible targets based on preclinical studies.
Department of Hematology, RFUCSM, United Kingdom.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Given the prognostic relevance that the identification of mutated and germline subgroups of chronic lymphocytic leukemia ...(CLL) has recently acquired we set out to analyze in depth individual VH gene usage rearrangements in patients with mutated and germline CLL. DESIGN AND METHODS: Using sequence analysis of FR1/JH polymerase chain reaction products, the VH immunoglobulin gene configuration was analyzed in 159 rearranged IgH alleles from 154 CLL patients. Having previously identified a spatial relationship between VH gene usage and JH proximity in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), we performed linear and Poisson regression analysis on patients with germline and mutated CLL against VH rearrangements from normal peripheral blood. RESULTS: Sequence analysis showed that 102 patients (64%) had mutated sequences (>2% DNA base pair changes) while 57 (36%) had germline sequences. The germline CLL group showed JH proximal overusage similar to that reported in ALL patients, while the mutated CLL group showed a pattern comparable to that of the control group (peripheral blood rearranged VH sequences). The CDR3 region was statistically longer in the patients with germline CLL than in those with mutated CLL. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights differences in the VDJ profile in mutated and germline CLL, consistent with the suggestion that CLL comprises two subgroups. The interpretation of these differences is that the B-cell of CLL, particularly in the germline group, may derive from a pool that has been unable to follow or complete the normal pathway of B-cell differentiation.
PDF
