Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV) is an emerging complex network where the features of Social Networks are applied to the SIoV system. User location data forms the basis for the implementation of ...SIoV functions. However, this type of data contains a large amount of user personal information, which may cause privacy leakage if it is stolen. Protecting the privacy of the user location can eliminate concerns about the leakage of user personal privacy data, increase users' viscosity, and help to contribute to the improvement of the SIoV system. This paper systematically analyzes the location privacy protection technology utilized in recent years in the field of SIoV, proposes three types of user data location privacy protection technology, and evaluates the performance of these technologies. We further present some potential future research directions for location privacy protection technology through the analysis and summary of existing work.
As for ligand fishing, the current immobilization approaches have some potential drawbacks such as the small protein loading capacity and difficult recycle process. The core-shell metal-organic ...frameworks composite (Fe
O
-COOH@UiO-66-NH
), which exhibited both magnetic characteristics and large specific surface area, was herein fabricated and used as magnetic support for the covalent immobilization of porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL). The resultant composite Fe
O
-COOH@UiO-66-NH
@PPL manifested a high loading capacity (247.8 mg/g) and relative activity recovery (101.5%). In addition, PPL exhibited enhanced tolerance to temperature and pH after immobilization. Then, the composite Fe
O
-COOH@UiO-66-NH
@PPL was incubated with the extract of
to fish out the ligands. Eight lipase inhibitors were obtained and identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The feasibility of the method was further confirmed through an in vitro inhibitory assay and molecular docking. The proposed ligand fishing technique based on Fe
O
-COOH@UiO-66-NH
@PPL provided a feasible, selective, and effective platform for discovering enzyme inhibitors from natural products.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have been proposed for use as promising biomaterials in biomedical and tissue engineering but their poor mechanical and water-retention properties have hindered ...their development. Graphene oxide (GO), an excellent nanofiller, was added to PVA to make GO/PVA composite hydrogels by a freeze/thaw method. The mechanical properties of the GO/PVA hydrogels were significantly improved. Compared to pure PVA hydrogels, a 132% increase in tensile strength and a 36% improvement of compressive strength were achieved with the addition of 0.8 wt% of GO, which suggests an excellent load transfer between the GO and the PVA matrix. The incorporation of certain amount of GO into composite hydrogels does not affect the toxicity of PVA to osteoblast cells.
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•CPC was an α-glucan isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula.•The structure of CPC exhibited the backbone of 1,4-linked α-D-glucose and the branched chains of 1,6-linked ...β-D-glucose.•CPC exhibited the potential of immunomodulatory activity on RAW264.7 cells.
A glucan named as CPC was obtained from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula and its structure was determined by HPGPC, IR, GC–MS, and NMR. HPGPC showed that CPC was a homogeneous polysaccharide and exhibited a molecular weight (Mp) of 1698 Da according to the equation of standard molecular weight (lg Mp = −0.1869 tR + 9.7386). The results from NMR and GC–MS demonstrated that the main linkages in CPC were 1-linked β-D-glucose, 1,4-linked α-D-glucose, and 1,4,6-linked α-D-glucose in the molar ratio of 1.0:3.8:1.0, which indicated that the structure of CPC exhibited the backbone of 1,4-linked α-D-glucose and the branched chains of 1,6-linked β-D-glucose. The immunomodulatory activity indicated that CPC showed the significant induction on the productions of NO, ROS, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10 and the mRNA expressions of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10 in RAW 246.7 cells. These data suggested that CPC was potential to human health by regulating immunity.
•Thermosensitive methyl cellulose-based injectable hydrogels were prepared.•The methyl cellulose sol could turn to gel at body temperature.•The composition of the sol affected the gel strength.•They ...are effective in reducing adhesion formation.
Thermosensitive methyl cellulose (MC)-based injectable hydrogels for post-operation anti-adhesion were prepared by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan sulfate (CS-SO3) with MC sols. The viscosity of the MC-based sols depended on the sol composition, especially the amount of CMC. The gelation temperature of the sols was tuned by adjusting the concentrations of K+ and other components to obtain an MC-based sol that transformed to a gel at body temperature. The composition of the sol also affected the gel strength. Adding PEG decreased the repulsions between the CMC and CS-SO3 macromolecules and thus increased the gel strength. The efficacy of the MC-based injectable hydrogels as barriers for reducing postsurgical adhesions was evaluated using a rat cecal abrasion model. The PEG and CS-SO3 loaded MC-based injectable hydrogels were effective in reducing adhesion formation and reduced adhesiolysis difficulties.
High-speed stirring at elevated temperatures is shown to be effective in the symmetry-breaking process needed for the growth of the hard-to-synthesize silver nanorods from the polyol reduction of ...silver ions. This process competes with the facile formation of more symmetrical, spherical and cubic, nanoparticles. Once the seed is formed, further growth proceeds predominantly along the long axis, with a consequent increase of the particles’ aspect ratio (that of the nanorod). When stirring is stopped shortly after seed formation, nanorods with a broad distribution of aspect ratios are obtained, while when the high-frequency stirring continues the distribution narrows significantly. The width of the nanorods can only be increased if the initial concentration of Ag+ ions increases. Reducing the stirring speeds during seed formation lowers the yield of nanorods. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the formation of a nanometer-scale thin boundary region between a solid facet of the nanoparticle and the liquid around it, and the accommodation processes of metal (Ag) atoms transported through this boundary region from the liquid to the solid growth interface, are frustrated by sufficiently fast shear flow caused by high-frequency stirring. This arrests growth on seed facets parallel to the flow, leading, together with the preferential binding of the capping polymer to the (100) facet, to the observed growth in the (110) direction, resulting in silver nanorods capped at the ends by (111) facets and exposing (100) facets on the side walls.
Although costunolide (Cos), a natural sesquiterpene compound isolated from various medicinal plants, exhibits antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in diverse types of cancers, the mechanism ...associated with the anticancer property of Cos has not been elucidated. The present investigation was carried out to study the anticarcinogenic influence of Cos on kidney cancer cells. Several human renal cancer cell lines were used and biological and molecular studies were conducted. It was found that Cos significantly suppressed renal carcinoma cell growth
via
stimulation of apoptosis and autophagy in a concentration-dependent manner. Further studies revealed that Cos increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP), and enhanced cytoplasmic levels of cytochrome
c
, and activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and cleaved PARP, resulting in cell apoptosis. The autophagy induced by Cos resulted from the formation of GFP-LC3 puncta and upregulation of LC3B II and Beclin-1 proteins. Compared with Cos treatment, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or ROS scavenger NAC significantly inhibited apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, NAC and JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 attenuated the effect of Cos. Taken together, Cos exerted autophagic and apoptotic effects on renal cancer through the ROS/JNK-dependent signal route. These findings suggest that Cos could be a beneficial anticarcinogenic agent.
The present study reports the presence of a
β
-D-fructopyranosyl-(2→1)-linked fructan in nature for the first time, with a
β
-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-linked fructan in a mixture from
Codonopsis ...pilosula
. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) shows that the molecule weights of these two fructans are 2.33 and 1.31 kDa. Their structures were analyzed by 1D and 2D NMR.
The effects of silica nanoparticles on the phase separation of poly (methyl methacrylate)/poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (PMMA/SAN) blends are studied by the rheological method. The binodal ...temperatures of near-critical compositions were obtained by the gel-like behavior during spinodal decomposition, which is a character of polymer blends with co-continuous morphology. The shifted Cole–Cole plot method was introduced to determine the binodal temperatures of off-critical compositions based on the appearance of shoulder-like transition in the terminal regime of blends with droplet morphology. Such method is found also applicable in nanoparticle filled polymer blends. Moreover, a new method to determine the spinodal temperature from Fredrickson-Larson mean field theory was suggested, where the concentration fluctuation's contribution to the storage modulus is used instead of the whole dynamic moduli. This method was also successfully extended to nanoparticle filled polymer blend. The influences of the concentration and the average diameter of silica particles on the phase separation temperature were studied. It was found that the small amount of the silica nanoparticles in PMMA/SAN blends will significantly change the phase diagram, which is related to the selective location of silica in PMMA. The comparisons with thermodynamic theory of particle-filled polymer blends are also discussed.
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Actuator materials based on graphene oxide/polyacrylamide (GO/PAM) hydrogels were prepared by in situ polymerization. Their structure and properties were characterized by scanning electron ...microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mechanical testing. The results indicate that some PAM macromolecules were grafted onto the GO nanosheets, and this led to good dispersion of the GO nanosheets in the composite hydrogels and consequently a significant improvement of their mechanical properties. The compressive strength of the GO/PAM hydrogel loaded with 1 wt% GO increased 6-fold in comparison to that of pure PAM hydrogel. The GO/PAM based hydrogels were responsive to external stimuli such as pH and electric fields.
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