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We present details on calculation of next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to massive charged-current coefficient functions in deep-inelastic scattering. Especially we focus on the ...application to charm-quark production in neutrino scattering on fixed target that can be measured via the dimuon final state. We construct a fast interface to the calculation so for any parton distributions the cross sections can be evaluated within milliseconds by using the pre-generated interpolation grids. We discuss agreements of various theoretical predictions with the NuTeV and CCFR dimuon data and the impact of the results on determination of the strange-quark distributions.
A
bstract
We propose a novel idea for probing the Higgs boson couplings through the measurement of hadronic event shape distributions in the decay of the Higgs boson at lepton colliders. The method ...provides a unique test of the Higgs boson couplings and of QCD effects in the decay of the Higgs boson. It can be used to probe the Yukawa couplings of the light quarks and to further test the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking. From a case study for the proposed Circular Electron-Positron Collider, assuming a hypothesis of SM-like theory, light-quark couplings with a strength greater than 9% of the bottom-quark Yukawa coupling in the standard model can be excluded.
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the bottleneck that limits the energy efficiency of water-splitting. The process involves four electrons' transfer and the generation of triplet state O
from ...singlet state species (OH
or H
O). Recently, explicit spin selection was described as a possible way to promote OER in alkaline conditions, but the specific spin-polarized kinetics remains unclear. Here, we report that by using ferromagnetic ordered catalysts as the spin polarizer for spin selection under a constant magnetic field, the OER can be enhanced. However, it does not applicable to non-ferromagnetic catalysts. We found that the spin polarization occurs at the first electron transfer step in OER, where coherent spin exchange happens between the ferromagnetic catalyst and the adsorbed oxygen species with fast kinetics, under the principle of spin angular momentum conservation. In the next three electron transfer steps, as the adsorbed O species adopt fixed spin direction, the OER electrons need to follow the Hund rule and Pauling exclusion principle, thus to carry out spin polarization spontaneously and finally lead to the generation of triplet state O
. Here, we showcase spin-polarized kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction, which gives references in the understanding and design of spin-dependent catalysts.
A
bstract
We present predictions for the Higgs boson decay into four bottom quarks in the standard model and via light exotic scalars retaining full bottom-quark mass dependence. In the SM the decay ...can be induced either by the Yukawa couplings of bottom quarks and top quarks or the electroweak couplings. We calculate the partial decay width and various differential distributions up to next-to-leading order in QCD. We find large QCD corrections for decay via Yukawa couplings, as large as 90% for the partial decay width, and reduced scale variations. The results of this paper are therefore helpful for the measurement of this multi-jets final state at future Higgs factory of electron-positron colliders. We also propose several observables that can differentiate the SM decay channel and the exotic decay channel and compare their next-to-leading order predictions.
The search for Majorana bound states (MBSs) has been fueled by the prospect of using their non-Abelian statistics for robust quantum computation. Two-dimensional superconducting topological materials ...have been predicted to host MBSs as zero-energy modes in vortex cores. By using scanning tunneling spectroscopy on the superconducting Dirac surface state of the iron-based superconductor FeTe
Se
, we observed a sharp zero-bias peak inside a vortex core that does not split when moving away from the vortex center. The evolution of the peak under varying magnetic field, temperature, and tunneling barrier is consistent with the tunneling to a nearly pure MBS, separated from nontopological bound states. This observation offers a potential platform for realizing and manipulating MBSs at a relatively high temperature.
This Minireview examines the operational lifetime of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). Under continuous operation, both polymer‐based LECs (PLECs) and ionic transition‐metal complex ...(iTMC)‐based LECs (iTMC‐LECs) now exhibit a luminance half‐life exceeding 1000 h. This improved performance was accomplished with several effective strategies aimed at optimizing the operating scheme, the material composition, and the device architecture. These strategies are presented in detail with PLECs as an example. iTMC‐LECs are also highlighted owing to their excellent stress stability with regards to both luminance and operating voltage. The survey of literature data points to clear trends, as well as some unexpected results in LECs stressed for an extended period. Major challenges still exist, but long‐lasting LECs are possible when the proven strategies are combined with innovative materials and device design.
Life extension: How can the operational lifetime of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) be extended? A survey of the literature data points to clear trends, as well as some unexpected results in LECs, including polymer‐based LECs (PLECs), that are stressed for extended periods (details of some long‐life PLECs shown in the figure). Major challenges still exist, but long‐lasting LECs are possible when the proven strategies are combined with innovative materials and device design.
•The polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) are reviewed.•Long-lasting PLECs achieve a record power efficiency of 18 lm/W.•Chemical mapping of PLECs reveals large-scale ion motion ...during operation.•The depletion width of a PLEC junction has been resolved by scanning optical imaging.•PLECs enable bipolar electrochemistry research in solid state.
Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) are electroluminescent devices whose operation involves both ionic and electronic charges. A key reaction in PLEC is the electrochemical doping of the light emitter, a luminescent polymer, which eventually leads to the formation of a light-emitting p–n or p–i–n junction in the interior of the cell. This review opens with a general introduction to the operating mechanism of PLECs. This is followed by a summary of key advancements in the field in the last 2 years. The focus of the review is on the chemical mapping and optical probing of the PLEC doping process and junction structures. The results showcased in this review provide a coherent picture of the PLEC operating mechanism and point in new research directions in both device applications and fundamental sciences of mixed ionic/electronic polymer conductors.
We review recent progress in the determination of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton, with emphasis on the applications for precision phenomenology at the Large Hadron Collider ...(LHC). First of all, we introduce the general theoretical framework underlying the global QCD analysis of the quark and gluon internal structure of protons. We then present a detailed overview of the hard-scattering measurements, and the corresponding theory predictions, that are used in state-of-the-art PDF fits. We emphasize here the role that higher-order QCD and electroweak corrections play in the description of recent high-precision collider data. We present the methodology used to extract PDFs in global analyses, including the PDF parametrization strategy and the definition and propagation of PDF uncertainties. Then we review and compare the most recent releases from the various PDF fitting collaborations, highlighting their differences and similarities. We discuss the role that QED corrections and photon-initiated contributions play in modern PDF analysis. We provide representative examples of the implications of PDF fits for high-precision LHC phenomenological applications, such as Higgs coupling measurements and searches for high-mass New Physics resonances. We conclude this report by discussing some selected topics relevant for the future of PDF determinations, including the treatment of theoretical uncertainties, the connection with lattice QCD calculations, and the role of PDFs at future high-energy colliders beyond the LHC.
As an emerging material, nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to their small size, surface effect and quantum tunneling effect, as well as potential applications in traditional ...materials, medical devices, electronic devices, coatings and other industries. Herein, the influence of nanoparticle selection, production process, grain size, and grain boundary structures on the mechanical properties of nanomaterials is introduced. The current research progress and application range of nano-materials are presented. The unique properties of nano-materials make them superior over traditional materials. Therefore, nanomaterials will have a broader application prospect in the future. Research on nanomaterials is significant for the development and application of materials science.
The molecular components of the postsynaptic density (PSD) in excitatory synapses of the brain are currently being investigated as one of the major etiologies of neurodevelopmental disorders such as ...schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism. Postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) is a major regulator of synaptic maturation by interacting, stabilizing and trafficking N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isox-azoleproprionic acid receptors (AMPARs) to the postsynaptic membrane. Recently, there has been overwhelming evidence that associates PSD-95 disruption with cognitive and learning deficits observed in SCZ and autism. For instance, recent genomic and sequencing studies of psychiatric patients highlight the aberrations at the PSD of glutamatergic synapses that include PSD-95 dysfunction. In animal studies, PSD-95 deficiency shows alterations in NMDA and AMPA-receptor composition and function in specific brain regions that may contribute to phenotypes observed in neuropsychiatric pathologies. In this review, we describe the role of PSD-95 as an essential scaffolding protein during synaptogenesis and neurodevelopment. More specifically, we discuss its interactions with NMDA receptor subunits that potentially affect glutamate transmission, and the formation of silent synapses during critical time points of neurodevelopment. Furthermore, we describe how PSD-95 may alter dendritic spine morphologies, thus regulating synaptic function that influences behavioral phenotypes in SCZ versus autism. Understanding the role of PSD-95 in the neuropathologies of SCZ and autism will give an insight of the cellular and molecular attributes in the disorders, thus providing treatment options in patients affected.
•PSD-95 mediates NMDA and AMPA receptor clustering and function.•Genetic implications of PSD-95 deficiency in schizophrenia•PSD-95 & NMDAR dysregulation in schizophrenia•PSD-95 regulates spine density involved in schizophrenia.•PSD-95 is associated with NMDAR dysregulation and spine change in autism.
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