In this paper, we consider a low-latency Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) network where multiple User Equipment (UE) wirelessly reports to a decision-making edge server. At the same time, the ...transmissions are operated with Finite Blocklength (FBL) codes to achieve low-latency transmission. We introduce the task of Age upon Decision (AuD) aimed at the timeliness of tasks used for decision-making, which highlights the timeliness of the information at decision-making moments. For the case in which dynamic task generation and random fading channels are considered, we provide a task AuD minimization design by jointly selecting UE and allocating blocklength. In particular, to solve the task AuD minimization problem, we transform the optimization problem to a Markov Decision Process problem and propose an Error Probability-Controlled Action-Masked Proximal Policy Optimization (EMPPO) algorithm. Via simulation, we show that the proposed design achieves a lower AuD than baseline methods across various network conditions, especially in scenarios with significant channel Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) differences and low average SNR, which shows the robustness of EMPPO and its potential for real-time applications.
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images have been widely used for ship monitoring. The traditional methods of SAR ship detection are difficult to detect small scale ships and avoid the interference of ...inshore complex background. Deep learning detection methods have shown great performance on various object detection tasks recently but using deep learning methods for SAR ship detection does not show an excellent performance it should have. One of the important reasons is that there is no effective model to handle the detection of multiscale ships in multiresolution SAR images. Another important reason is it is difficult to handle multiscene SAR ship detection including offshore and inshore, especially it cannot effectively distinguish between inshore complex background and ships. In this paper, we propose a densely connected multiscale neural network based on faster-RCNN framework to solve multiscale and multiscene SAR ship detection. Instead of using a single feature map to generate proposals, we densely connect one feature map to every other feature maps from top to down and generate proposals from each fused feature map. In addition, we propose a training strategy to reduce the weight of easy examples in the loss function, so that the training process more focus on the hard examples to reduce false alarm. Experiments on expanded public SAR ship detection dataset, verify the proposed method can achieve an excellent performance on multiscale SAR ship detection in multiscene.
Impulse-cyclone drying (ICD) is a new type of pretreatment method to remove the excess moisture of wood fibers (WFs) with high speed and low energy consumption. However, the process parameters are ...often determined by the experience of the process operators, thus the quality of WF drying lacks an objective basis and cannot be ensured. To address this issue, this study adopted the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, backpropagation neural network, and Central-Composite response surface method to establish a moisture content (MC) prediction model and a process parameter optimization model based on single-factor experiments. The initial MC, inlet air temperature, feed rate, and inlet air velocity were taken as the experimental factors, and the final MC was taken as the inspection index. The parameters of LSTM were optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and the predicted value of MC was fitted to the model. The PSO-optimized LSTM had higher prediction accuracy than did the typical prediction models. The optimal process for the targeted MC, which was obtained by PSO, was featured with an initial MC of 10.3%, inlet air temperature of 242°C, feed rate of 90 kg/h, and inlet air velocity of 8 m/s. PSO-LSTM could be a new approach for predicting the MC of WFs, which, in turn, could provide a theoretical basis for the application of ICD technology in the biomass composite industry.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
With TikTok rising in social media, the heterogeneity of users creates diversity in motives for using it. The issue of which profiles of TikTok use motives can be identified warrants greater ...understanding. Conducting latent profile analyses for a sample of 384 TikTok users, we identified four profiles, namely overall low motives, overall medium motives, overall high motives, and escapist addiction and novelty motives profiles. The former three profiles reflect different levels of motivations across four motives (socially rewarding self-presentation, trendiness, escapist addiction, and novelty). It is worth noting that TikTok users in the escapist addiction and novelty motives profile are mainly motivated by escapist addiction and novelty, but not socially rewarding self-presentation or trendiness motives. Through multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and multinomial logistic regression, we further explore the differences in TikTok use between the profiles and the extent to which users' background characteristics and TikTok use predict their profile membership. The four profiles differ significantly in terms of the scores of almost all TikTok use motives. The frequency of TikTok use and video posting are the most notable predictors of profile membership. These results make theoretical contributions to the extant literature on social media use profiles by exploring the number and types of latent profiles of TikTok use motives, which also inform opportunities for enhancing user experience and imply tailored content recommendations to both achieve maximized gratifications and maintain mental wellbeing based on user profiles.
This study investigates the spatial confinement effect on Pb measurements in soil by femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (fs-LIBS). Spatial confinement within a cylindrical cavity ...significantly enhanced the intensities of the Pb plasma emission spectrum and the enhancement increased with decreasing diameter of the cylindrical cavity. When the cavity diameter was increased from 3 to 6 mm, the spectral emission enhancement was more delayed and the spatial confinement effect was weakened. The limit of detection (LOD), coefficient of determination (
R
2
), relative standard deviation (RSD), and root mean squared error of cross-validation (RMSECV) were 8.85 ± 0.16 mg/kg, 98.34%, 4.98%, and 0.45%, respectively in the 3 mm diameter cavity and 33.16 ± 1.45 mg/kg, 97.66%, 8.21%, and 0.54%, respectively, in the unconfined measurements. The cylindrical cavity improved the detection sensitivity (as evidenced by the LODs) and the detection accuracy (as evidenced by the RMSECV and RSD values) of fs-LIBS. Overall, the spatial confinement method promises to improve the analytical figures of merit of the fs-LIBS technology.
We present a general approach to CP bond formation through the cross‐coupling of aryl halides with a dialkyl phosphite, diphenylphosphine oxide, and diphenylphosphane by using NiCl2(dppp) as ...catalyst (dppp=1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane). This catalyst system displays a broad applicability that is capable of catalyzing the cross‐coupling of aryl bromides, particularly a range of unreactive aryl chlorides, with various types of phosphorus substrates, such as a dialkyl phosphite, diphenylphosphine oxide, and diphenylphosphane. Consequently, the synthesis of valuable phosphonates, phosphine oxides, and phosphanes can be achieved with one catalyst system. Moreover, the reaction proceeds not only at a much lower temperature (100–120 °C) relative to the classic Arbuzov reaction (ca. 160–220 °C), but also without the need of external reductants and supporting ligands. In addition, owing to the relatively mild reaction conditions, a range of labile groups, such as ether, ester, ketone, and cyano groups, are tolerated. Finally, a brief mechanistic study revealed that by using NiCl2(dppp) as a catalyst, the NiII center could be readily reduced in situ to Ni0 by the phosphorus substrates due to the influence of the dppp ligand, thereby facilitating the oxidative addition of aryl halides to a Ni0 center. This step is the key to bringing the reaction into the catalytic cycle.
Making bonds: CP bonds were formed by the Ni‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl halides and phosphorus substrates without the need of external reductants. Aryl bromides and less reactive aryl chlorides underwent smooth coupling with several different phosphorus substrates to afford phosphonates, phosphine oxides, and phosphines (see scheme; dppp=1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane). Due to the mild reaction conditions, a range of labile groups, such as ether, ester, ketone, and cyano groups, are tolerated.
Abstract
An excellent magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNT) containing carboxyl material modified with ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles was synthesized as the adsorbent for magnetic ...solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of five heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Cr4+) in water samples followed by on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection. The characteristics of the adsorbent were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Some factors affecting extraction efficiency including pH of sample solution, the amount of adsorbent, extraction method and time, concentration and volume of desorption solvent, desorption time and evaluation of coexisting ions were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity (r ≥ 0.9951) was obtained within the range of 0.1–50.0 ng·mL−1. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 4.0–25.0 ng·L−1 and 15.0–80.0 ng·L−1, respectively. And satisfactory recoveries of five heavy metal ions ranged from 81.11% to 105.53% were acquired, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were no more than 6.05%. The MMWCNT synthesized had strong adsorption force for the five investigated heavy metal ions, respectively. Hence, the proposed method was so suitable and sensitive that it can be applied to the determination of trace analysis of heavy metals in water samples.
Transporters belonging to the chromosomally encoded resistance-nodulation-division (RND) superfamily mediate multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. However, the cotransfer of large gene ...clusters encoding RND-type pumps from the chromosome to a plasmid appears infrequent, and no plasmid-mediated RND efflux pump gene cluster has yet been found to confer resistance to tigecycline. Here, we identified a novel RND efflux pump gene cluster, designated
, on plasmids from five pandrug-resistant
isolates of animal origin. TMexCD1-TOprJ1 increased (by 4- to 32-fold) the MICs of tetracyclines (including tigecycline and eravacycline), quinolones, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides for
,
, and
TMexCD1-TOprJ1 is closely related (64.5% to 77.8% amino acid identity) to the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump encoded on the chromosome of
In an IncFIA plasmid, pHNAH8I, the
gene cluster lies adjacent to two genes encoding site-specific integrases, which may have been responsible for its acquisition. Expression of TMexCD1-TOprJ1 in
resulted in increased tigecycline efflux and in
negated the efficacy of tigecycline in an
infection model. Expression of TMexCD1-TOprJ1 reduced the growth of
and
but not
-positive
isolates were rare in humans (0.08%) but more common in chicken fecal (14.3%) and retail meat (3.4%) samples. Plasmid-borne
-like gene clusters were identified in sequences in GenBank from
and
strains from multiple continents. The possibility of further global dissemination of the
-
gene cluster and its analogues in
via plasmids may be an important consideration for public health planning.
In an era of increasing concerns about antimicrobial resistance, tigecycline is likely to have a critically important role in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant
, the most problematic pathogens in human clinical settings-especially carbapenem-resistant
Here, we identified a new plasmid-borne RND-type tigecycline resistance determinant, TMexCD1-TOprJ1, which is widespread among
isolates from food animals.
appears to have originated from the chromosome of a
species and may have been transferred onto plasmids by adjacent site-specific integrases. Although
still appears to be rare in human clinical isolates, considering the transferability of the
gene cluster and the broad substrate spectrum of TMexCD1-TOprJ1, further dissemination of this mobile tigecycline resistance determinant is possible. Therefore, from a "One Health" perspective, measures are urgently needed to monitor and control its further spread. The current low prevalence in human clinical isolates provides a precious time window to design and implement measures to tackle this.
Antibiotics have become a pollutant in water due to their abuse, which poses a threat to the environment and human health. An urgent and meaningful task is to develop highly sensitive and selective ...sensors. Herein, a new and simple luminescent MOF Zn 8 (C 5 H 4 N 5 ) 4 (C 14 H 8 O 4 ) 6 O(C 50 H 44 N 4 ) 0.5 (TMPyPE@bio-MOF-1) was synthesized by in situ encapsulation of cationic TPE-based guest TMPyPE into an anionic MOF. TMPyPE@bio-MOF-1 exhibits high stability and strong fluorescence in water, and can selectively and sensitively detect nitrofuran antibiotics in aqueous medium. At the same titration concentration, TMPyPE@bio-MOF-1 shows higher fluorescence quenching efficiencies of 96% for NFZ and 95.5% for NFT compared with other antibiotics, which can be detected by the naked eye. Due to the simplicity and sensitivity of analysis, the tetraphenylethene-based luminogen encapsulated LMOF material reported would have wide application potential in environmental pollution analysis.
Interleukin-38 has recently been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in lung inflammatory diseases. However, the effects of IL-38 in viral pneumonia remains unknown. In the present study, we ...demonstrate that circulating IL-38 concentrations together with IL-36α increased significantly in influenza and COVID-19 patients, and the level of IL-38 and IL-36α correlated negatively and positively with disease severity and inflammation, respectively. In the co-cultured human respiratory epithelial cells with macrophages to mimic lung microenvironment in vitro, IL-38 was able to alleviate inflammatory responses by inhibiting poly(I:C)-induced overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines through intracellular STAT1, STAT3, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, MEK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Intriguingly, transcriptomic profiling revealed that IL-38 targeted genes were associated with the host innate immune response to virus. We also found that IL-38 counteracts the biological processes induced by IL-36α in the co-culture. Furthermore, the administration of recombinant IL-38 could mitigate poly I:C-induced lung injury, with reduced early accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, activation of lymphocytes, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and permeability of the alveolar-epithelial barrier. Taken together, our study indicates that IL-38 plays a crucial role in protection from exaggerated pulmonary inflammation during poly(I:C)-induced pneumonia, thereby providing the basis of a novel therapeutic target for respiratory viral infections.
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![[NiCl2(dppp)]-Catalyzed Cro...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0947-6539/small "[NiCl2(dppp)]-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides with Dialkyl Phosphite, Diphenylphosphine Oxide, and Diphenylphosphine")
