Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a critical clinical condition induced by a cascade of cytokine activation, characterized by overwhelming systemic inflammation, hyperferritinaemia, haemodynamic ...instability and multiple organ failure (MOF). At the end of 2019, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) emerged in Wuhan, China, and rapidly developed into a global pandemic. More and more evidence shows that there is a dramatic increase of inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID‐19, suggesting the existence of cytokine storm in some critical illness patients. Here, we summarize the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation of CSS, and highlight the current understanding about the recognition and potential therapeutic options of CSS in COVID‐19.
Background and purpose
The present study aimed to examine how long‐term migration to high‐altitude regions affects mentality and cognition, and the correlation with various physiological and ...biochemical changes.
Methods
The WHO Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery, Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire were used to assess 141 young male subjects who lived in plain regions and 217 young male subjects who had migrated to a 4500 m high‐altitude region and lived there for 1–5 years. Arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation, cerebral tissue oxygenation indices (TOIs), serum S100B and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were also measured.
Results
Long‐term migrators to a high‐altitude region exhibited exacerbated mood disorders, retarded color discrimination ability, decreased visual memory capacity, and impaired perceptual motor skill and motion stability. In addition, the migrators exhibited lower RSPM scores and lower sleep quality. Further analyses revealed significant correlations between sleep quality and cerebral TOIs, mood and sleep quality, mood and certain cognitive functions, mood and serum BDNF levels, and RSPM scores and serum S100B levels.
Conclusions
Long‐term living at high altitudes causes significant impairment of psychological and cognitive function. Cerebral hypoxic extent, sleep quality and biochemical dysfunction are major influencing factors.
Heterostructures based on layering of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride represent a new class of electronic devices. Realizing this potential, however, ...depends critically on the ability to make high-quality electrical contact. Here, we report a contact geometry in which we metalize only the ID edge of a 2D graphene layer. In addition to outperforming conventional surface contacts, the edge-contact geometry allows a complete separation of the layer assembly and contact metallization processes. In graphene heterostructures, this enables high electronic performance, including low-temperature ballistic transport over distances longer than 15 micrometers, and room-temperature mobility comparable to the theoretical phonon-scattering limit. The edge-contact geometry provides new design possibilities for multilayered structures of complimentary 2D materials.
We report a study of the processes of e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}D_{s}^{-}D^{*0} and K^{+}D_{s}^{*-}D^{0} based on e^{+}e^{-} annihilation samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at BEPCII at five ...center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.628 to 4.698 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 3.7 fb^{-1}. An excess of events over the known contributions of the conventional charmed mesons is observed near the D_{s}^{-}D^{*0} and D_{s}^{*-}D^{0} mass thresholds in the K^{+} recoil-mass spectrum for events collected at sqrts=4.681 GeV. The structure matches a mass-dependent-width Breit-Wigner line shape, whose pole mass and width are determined as (3982.5_{-2.6}^{+1.8}±2.1) MeV/c^{2} and (12.8_{-4.4}^{+5.3}±3.0) MeV, respectively. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The significance of the resonance hypothesis is estimated to be 5.3 σ over the contributions only from the conventional charmed mesons. This is the first candidate for a charged hidden-charm tetraquark with strangeness, decaying into D_{s}^{-}D^{*0} and D_{s}^{*-}D^{0}. However, the properties of the excess need further exploration with more statistics.
Flexible and transparent supercapacitors, as advanced energy storage devices, are essential for the development of innovative wearable electronics because of their unique optical and mechanical ...qualities. However, all previous designs are based on carbon-based nanostructures like carbon nanotubes and graphene, and these devices usually have poor or short cycling lives. Here, we demonstrate a high-performance, flexible, transparent, and super-long-life supercapacitor made from ultrafine Co
3
O
4
nanocrystals synthesized using a novel process involving laser ablation in liquid. The fabricated flexible and transparent pseudocapacitor exhibits a high capacitance of 177 F g
−1
on a mass basis and 6.03 mF cm
−2
based on the area of the active material at a scan rate of 1 mV s
−1
, as well as a super-long cycling life with 100% retention rate after 20 000 cycles. An optical transmittance of up to 51% at a wavelength of 550 nm is achieved, and there are not any obvious changes in the specific capacitance after bending from 0° to 150°, even after bending over 100 times. The integrated electrochemical performance of the Co
3
O
4
-based supercapacitor is greatly superior to that of the carbon-based ones reported to date. These findings open the door to applications of transition metal oxides as advanced electrode materials in flexible and transparent pseudocapacitors.
A flexible, transparent and super-long-life supercapacitor has been fabricated based on ultrafine Co
3
O
4
nanocrystal electrodes.
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► The maximum residual stress for laser-peened samples was found at the surface. ► Two methods of FLPF and FSIP were analyzed to get the optimum process parameters. ► The fatigue ...cracks are at the subsurface for shot- and laser-peened samples. ► The comprehensive effect of surface integrity on fatigue property was considered.
The fatigue strength for 1
×
10
7 cycles of 7050–T7451 aluminum alloy was determined for machined, laser-peened, and shot-peened specimens. Moreover, fatigue lives were compared under the same load conditions. Results show that the laser peening induces a deeper compressive residual stress layer and better surface finish, therefore, it improves fatigue properties more effectively. Fractographic examination and analysis shows that the fatigue cracks initiate in the subsurface layer beneath the compressive residual stress field for laser- and shot-peened specimens, whereas the fatigue cracks form at surface for as-machined ones.
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