Solvothermal reaction of the flexible ligand 1,6-bi(benzotriazole)hexane (BBTH) with CuCl generated a 3-D hybrid solid, {CuCl
2
(BBTH)}
n
(1), which was investigated by elemental analysis, FT-IR, ...X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), X-ray single-crystal diffraction, TG/DTA, and photoluminescence measurements. Compound 1 crystallizes in the tetragonal system, space group I4(1)/a, a = b = 17.636(2) Å, c = 13.5345(15) Å, V = 4209.6(9) Å
3
, Z = 8. The distorted tetrahedral geometry of Cu(I) is defined by two chlorides and two N donors from different BBTH ligands. Adjacent copper atoms are connected by μ
2
-Cl to give a 1-D zigzag inorganic chain, and further linked by BBTH ligands via μ
4
-bridging, forming the 3-D hybrid structure of 1. Cu(I) atoms and BBTH ligands can be regarded as two kinds of non-equivalent 4-connected nodes, which lead to an unusual topological network with Schläfli symbol of (3
2
.8.9
2
.10)
2
(3
2
.8
2
.9
2
). Compound 1 exhibits high thermal stability and shows strong red fluorescence emission at 538 nm in the solid state at ambient temperature.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To achieve the dynamical on-requirement self-organization and self-evolution of virtual organizations (VOs) by autonomic service cooperation is an excellent approach for developing assembled ...service-oriented application software systems in the Internet computing environment. However, this approach, due to the fact that the autonomic individual behaviors are difficult to be predicted and controlled, encounters the “trust” crisis of cooperation effect. In order to solve the above crisis, this paper proposes a model of Norm-Governed and Policy-Driven autonomic service cooperation (NGPD). The key idea of NGPD is to constrain and govern the cooperation behaviors and their evolutions of autonomic individuals by formulating systematic standards of social structures and the coupling norms of cooperation behaviors, and thereby the cooperation behaviors (i.e. behaviors for providing and requiring services) of autonomic individuals and the cooperation effect can be controlled, predicted, and then become trusted. Furthermore, NGPD provides the “macro-micro” link mode to support the operation-level implementation of macro-government and creates the policy-driven self-management mechanism for individual behaviors to achieve the mapping from the macro-government to the micro-behaviors. Thus, the effect of the macro-government can be exerted to autonomic individuals so that they can exhibit the intellect for conforming to service contracts and cooperation behavior norms, but still keep high autonomy again. Along with the settlement of this “trust” crisis, NGPD can overcome the limitation introduced by non-autonomic service cooperation, and thus make the autonomy and change-response ability of service cooperation exhibit the advantages of robustness and intelligence which cannot be reached by traditional service cooperation techniques. Furthermore, NGPD also establishes the solid foundation for developing the norm-driven and contract-ensured self-organization of hierarchical cooperation and the cooperation self-adaptation and self-evolution driven by contract-performing circumstance. All of these make the service cooperation-based VOs possess high performance of dynamical on-requirement self-organization and self-evolution.
Transition metal borides are a kind of potential materials for high-temperature solar thermal applications. In this work, a novel SS/HfB
/Al
O
tandem absorber was prepared, which exhibited high solar ...spectrum selectivity (
/
) of 0.920/0.109. The optical constants of the coating were obtained using spectroscopic ellipsometry, and the dispersion model of the HfB
layer was modeled with the Tauc-Lorentz dispersion formula. In addition, the reflectance spectrum simulated by the CODE software corroborated well with the experimental results. The thermal stability test indicated that the HfB
/Al
O
solar absorber coating was thermally stable in vacuum at 600 °C for 2 h. When extending the annealing time to 100 h, the coating could maintain high spectral selectivity after aging at 500 °C irrespective of whether in air or vacuum. All these results indicate that the coating has good solar selectivity and is a promising candidate for high-temperature solar thermal applications.
To identify Ferula syreitschikowii by identification of pharmacognosy and provide the scientific evidence for its identification and application.
The crude drug identification, morphological, UV ...spectrum identifications, microscopic identification and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were adopted.
There were specialization in morphology, microscopic characteristic, UV spectrum identifications and thin layer chromatography (TLC).
These characteristics can be used for scientific basis for gruffs identification of crude drug and providing reference information for further development.
Aerogel coating (AC) is an emerging constructional material to achieve ambitions to reduce our carbon footprint. However, common ACs, which are usually formulated by straightforward filler–matrix ...composites, suffer from unsatisfying thermal-insulating performance due to the low porosity and polymer intrusion into the filler. These can be solved by applying an easy foaming process to the ACs, where meanwhile the intrusion issue can be relented by particles decoration on the inner surface of bubbles. Herein, an architected foamy AC by melamine polymer and silica aerogel particles is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept. The high-porosity foamy AC can achieve much lower thermal conductivity and less heat release as well as superhydrophobicity and excellent fire resistance. The coating can be air-sprayed on surfaces regardless of the materials and shapes, followed by natural drying. It provides an economical drop-in measure to enhance the energy conservation and fire safety of various buildings.
It has been demonstrated recently that α1,3-galactosidase from Bacteroides fragilis can efficiently convert human group B red blood cells (RBC) to group O cells. In addition, in vitro data indicated ...that the enzymatic conversion process did not affect the physiological or metabolic parameters of the RBC. The aim of this study was to investigate the lifespan of enzyme- treated RBC in vivo in the circulation.
This was an experimental, randomised study. The rat was selected as the experimental subject because it expresses α-1,3galactosyl on its RBC. The efficiency of Galα1,3Gal epitope removal from RBC treated with α1,3-galactosidase was tested before the transfusion experiment to track the survival of RBC in the circulation. The animals were divided into three groups and injected via the tail vein with native, mock-treated or enzyme-treated RBC labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The survival rates of the fluorescently labelled RBC were monitored by flow cytometry.
Flow cytometry showed that α-galactosidase (0.02 mg/mL for RBC with a haematocrit of 30%) efficiently removed Galα1,3Gal epitopes from rat erythrocytes, although small amounts of remaining Galα1,3Gal epitopes were still detected. The in vivo data demonstrated that the half-life of enzyme-treated RBC was a little shorter than that of native RBC. However, the 24-hour survival fractions of native, mock-treated and enzyme-treated RBC were virtually identical. Most importantly, the enzyme-treated RBC, like the native RBC, were still detectable 35 days after transfusion.
Our results indicate that α-glycosidase treatment had little effect on the in vivo survival kinetics of RBC. These data add further support to the feasibility of translating enzymatic conversion technology into clinical practice.
► Kinetic studies of continuous esterification applied for three scales of fixed bed reactors. ► The FFA conversion along with the fixed bed height was presented by a kinetic model. ► This kinetic ...model also shows good applicability with different kinds of resins.
Biodiesel produced by esterification from molar ratio of methanol to free fatty acid (FFA) as 25:1 in presence of triglyceride was carried out with cation-exchange resin as a heterogeneous catalyst in three different scales of fixed bed reactors from minireactor (6.8mm×110mm) to pilot scale reactor (70mm×1260mm) at 338K. The kinetic study of esterification was undertaken in terms of pseudo-homogeneous mechanism and performed as a first order reaction with elimination of the solid–liquid internal and external mass transfer resistances. Moreover, a kinetic model of FFA esterification was developed to illustrate the relationship between the FFA conversion and the catalyst bed height of fixed bed reactor. The model was also suitable for various resins in fixed bed reactor. The theoretical predictions were in agreement with the experimental data with root mean square (RMS) errors <10.
The intrinsic correlation between the flow characteristics at the core of the bar and the rod journal surface defects for an S43CMnV non-quenched and tempered steel three-cylinder crankshaft is ...systematically investigated by a combination of DEFORM-3D finite-element simulations, microstructural characterizations, and bar streamline experiments.
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•Surface cracking caused by the flow characteristics of the core bar.•Larger grain sizes at the gathering of the core bar.•The multi-plane distribution structure of the crankshaft rod journal results in a high volume of core bar material on its surface.•Sulfide and core impurities are also important causes of surface cracks.
The intrinsic correlation between the flow characteristics at the core of the bar and the crankshaft surface cracks for an S43CMnV non-quenched and tempered steel three-cylinder crankshaft is systematically investigated by a combination of material nonlinearity numerical simulations, microstructural characterizations, and bar streamline experiments. The results indicate that the source of the jagged crack is located inside the transition fillet of the rod journal (parting surface) and that the failure mode is fatigue fracture. An analysis of the failure defects based on numerical simulations indicates that the volume of material flowing from the core of the bar to the inside and surface of the rod journals is larger, and that the average grain sizes at the cracks in the core material area are larger. Among them, the maximum displacement at the 1st and 3rd rod journals are 15.9 mm and 19.6 mm, and the average grain sizes in the core material area are approximately 151 μm and 148 μm, respectively, while the 2nd rod journal is approximately 147 μm. A comparison of the three-cylinder and four-cylinder crankshafts of the S43CMnV material under the same process reveals that the volume of the outflowing core material contained in the rod journals of the three-cylinder crankshaft is larger than that of the four-cylinder crankshaft. Moreover, the analysis results for the microstructures and bar streamline experiments indicate the presence of numerous riverine sulfides and other impurities in the crack source area of the rod journals. These impurities mainly originate from the core of the bar, consistent with the simulation results.
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