•CnFatB3 cDNA was over-expressed in Arabidopsis under the control of the seed-specific promoter.•CnFatB3 transcript expression in seed varied from 500 to 4000-fold between different transgenic plant ...seeds.•The amounts of 12:0, 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0 increased by 30, 80, 4, and 2-fold in seeds of transgenic plants, respectively.•These results suggested that CnFatB3 had a preference for 12:0, 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0-ACPs in plant.
Coconut (Cocos nucifers L.) can accumulate up to nearly 80% of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) in its endosperm. A previous study about suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries of coconut endosperm indicated that only one acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase CnFatB3 was identified and significantly up-regulated during fruit development. Overexpression of CnFatB3 cDNA in Arabidopsis under control of the seed-specific napin promoter increased the amounts of 12:0 (lauric acid), 14:0 (myristic acid), 16:0 (palmitic acid) and 18:0 (stearic acid) by 30, 80, 4, and 2-fold, respectively, although CnFatB3 transcript levels varied 4000-fold in Arabidopsis seeds from different transgenic lines. These data suggested that CnFatB3 had a preference for 12:0, 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0-ACPs in plant. The results provide new insights into the accumulation of MCFAs in higher plants, and will contribute to the metabolic engineering of MCFAs-producing to meet energy demands.
The Li
7
La
3
Zr
2
O
12
-based garnet (LLZO-BG) electrolyte has the advantage of strong thermal stability and can, therefore, avoid the flammability problem of organic electrolyte solutions. However, ...the solid-state lithium battery with LLZO-BG electrolyte has a much larger electrochemical resistance and poorer performance than the battery with an organic electrolyte solution, which is mainly related to the electrolyte/electrode interface. From the perspective of the LLZO-BG/Li interface, this review explores several interrelated interfacial issues, including the air instability of LLZO-BG, poor LLZO-BG/Li interfacial contact, easily generated lithium dendrite and the instability of LLZO-BG with the Li anode. We elaborate on the forming mechanisms, affecting factors and measures for improving these issues, and prospects for the future research directions of the LLZO-BG/Li interface. This review can provide new ideas for producing a solid-state lithium battery with high safety and high energy density.
The interrelated LLZO-BG/Li interfacial issues: the air instability of LLZO-BG and its instability with Li anode will induce the poor LLZO-BG/Li interfacial contact; the poor contact will accelerate the formation of Li dendrite.
The Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 -based garnet (LLZO-BG) electrolyte has the advantage of strong thermal stability and can, therefore, avoid the flammability problem of organic electrolyte solutions. However, ...the solid-state lithium battery with LLZO-BG electrolyte has a much larger electrochemical resistance and poorer performance than the battery with an organic electrolyte solution, which is mainly related to the electrolyte/electrode interface. From the perspective of the LLZO-BG/Li interface, this review explores several interrelated interfacial issues, including the air instability of LLZO-BG, poor LLZO-BG/Li interfacial contact, easily generated lithium dendrite and the instability of LLZO-BG with the Li anode. We elaborate on the forming mechanisms, affecting factors and measures for improving these issues, and prospects for the future research directions of the LLZO-BG/Li interface. This review can provide new ideas for producing a solid-state lithium battery with high safety and high energy density.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of tumor-related mortality in the world. Cisplatin (DDP) is regarded as a first-line treatment for lung cancer. However, toxicity has limited its application. Rhizoma ...paridis saponins (RPS) have been found to show inhibition of pulmonary adenoma in our previous research. In this experiment, we used metabonomics to compare the metabolic profiling of RPS and DDP in Lewis pulmonary adenoma mice, which promoted the application of RPS in the future. According to
1
H-NMR and GC/MS detection, RPS treatment decreased most lipid compound levels and concentration of lactic acid. Meanwhile, RPS increased the concentration of glutamate and glucose. In contrast, DDP treatment increased the levels of lipids and decreased the concentration of glucose. For the metabolic enzyme related genes analysis, RPS and DDP regulated the p53/mTOR-c-Myc-HIF-1α network to decrease GLUT1, HK2, PKM2 and LDHA genes. Meanwhile, the ascendant mRNA of p53 raised GLS levels and suppressed the ATP product. What's more, RPS treatment decreased mRNA levels of FASN to repress lipogenesis. In contrast, DDP treatment increased lipogenesis to induce pulmonary metastasis. Taken together, RPS is a potent anticancer agent through inhibiting cancer cellular metabolism to suppress metastases in murine lung adenocarcinoma which promotes the application of RPS in the future.
Metabonomics is used to compare the metabolic profiling of RPS and DDP in Lewis pulmonary adenoma mice; RPS is found to be a potent anticancer agent through inhibiting cancer cellular metabolism to suppress metastases in murine lung adenocarcinoma.
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an economically tropical fruit tree with special fatty acid compositions. The stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) desaturase (SAD) plays a key role in the properties of ...the majority of cellular glycerolipids. In this paper, a full-length cDNA of a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase, designated CocoFAD, was isolated from cDNA library prepared from the endosperm of coconut (C. nucifera L.). An 1176bp cDNA from overlapped PCR products containing ORF encoding a 391-amino acid (aa) protein was obtained. The coded protein was virtually identical and shared the homology to other Delta 9-desaturase plant sequences (greater than 80% as similarity to that of Elaeis guineensis Jacq). The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR result indicated that the yield of CocoFAD was the highest in the endosperm of 8-month-old coconut and leaf, and the yield was reduced to 50% of the highest level in the endosperm of 15-month-old coconut. The coding region showed heterologous expression in strain INVSc1 of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). GC-MS analysis showed that the levels of palmitoleic acid (16:1) and oleic acid (18:1) were improved significantly; meanwhile stearic acid (18:0) was reduced. These results indicated that the plastidial Delta 9 desaturase from the endosperm of coconut was involved in the biosynthesis of hexadecenoic acid and octadecenoic acid, which was similar with other plants. These results may be valuable for understanding the mechanism of fatty acid metabolism and the genetic improvement of CocoFAD gene in palm plants in the future.
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an economically tropical fruit tree with special fatty acid compositions. The stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) desaturase (SAD) plays a key role in the properties of ...the majority of cellular glycerolipids. In this paper, a full-length cDNA of a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase, designated CocoFAD, was isolated from cDNA library prepared from the endosperm of coconut (C. nucifera L.). An 1176bp cDNA from overlapped PCR products containing ORF encoding a 391-amino acid (aa) protein was obtained. The coded protein was virtually identical and shared the homology to other Δ9-desaturase plant sequences (greater than 80% as similarity to that of Elaeis guineensis Jacq). The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR result indicated that the yield of CocoFAD was the highest in the endosperm of 8-month-old coconut and leaf, and the yield was reduced to 50% of the highest level in the endosperm of 15-month-old coconut. The coding region showed heterologous expression in strain INVSc1 of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). GC–MS analysis showed that the levels of palmitoleic acid (16:1) and oleic acid (18:1) were improved significantly; meanwhile stearic acid (18:0) was reduced. These results indicated that the plastidial Δ9 desaturase from the endosperm of coconut was involved in the biosynthesis of hexadecenoic acid and octadecenoic acid, which was similar with other plants. These results may be valuable for understanding the mechanism of fatty acid metabolism and the genetic improvement of CocoFAD gene in palm plants in the future.
•One ACP desaturase gene was isolated from coconut (Cocos nucifera L.).•The expression of CocoFAD was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR.•Heterologous expression of CocoFAD in S. cerevisiae was conducted.•Palmitoleic acid and oleic acid were improved significantly in transformants.
The ionic-complementary self-assembling peptides discovered by Zhang Shuguang have solution-to-gel (sol-gel) transition capacity and one such peptide RADA16 has been commercialized into hemostatic ...agents. However, their sol-gel transition ability was not obvious because the peptide aqueous solution with a concentration greater than 1% w/v appeared to be thick and viscous. The current report describes PP-type self-assembling peptides. In addition to the ionic-complementary sequence, they have prolines at both ends of the sequence. This feature has led to better solubility, lower viscosity of the peptide solution, and simplified synthesis and purification processes while maintaining the great gelling performance of the ionic-complementary peptides. The PP-type peptides self-assembled into a well-organized nanofiber scaffold as shown by TEM. Among the PP-type peptides, the PRVDP9 sequence peptide was tested as a hemostatic agent and a mucosal elevating agent. The results were comparable to the classic RADA16. The PP-type self-assembling peptides have superior sol-gel transition ability. Therefore, it is predicted that they will be more suitable to be transported through catheters or endoscopes and have higher commercialization potential as compared with the classic self-assembling peptide sequences.
Proline terminated "PP-type" self-assembling peptides have better flowability before gel forming and equivalent gel strength after gel forming.
•Clone and Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that the CnLPAAT transcript was constant during coconut endosperm development.•Heterologous expression of CnLPAAT in yeast increased significantly the ...levels of C12:0 and C14:0.•The levels of C12:0 and C14:0 in transgenic tobacco decreased diversely in comparison with untransformed tobacco plants.•Overexpression of CnLPAAT alone cannot augment the C12:0 content in transformed plant seeds absence of related substrates.
The unique properties of oils from the coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) endosperm, which contains a remarkable amount of saturated medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), has garnered significant attention because of the increasing daily demand for these fatty acids. In this paper, lyso-phosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT), which can esterify acyl-CoA into the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone during the triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, has been isolated from coconut endosperm, designated CnLPAAT. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the CnLPAAT transcript was present in both leaves and endosperms, with the higher level in mature leaves, and the transcript level was constant during coconut endosperm development. Heterologous expression in yeast was used to confirm the in vivo function of CnLPAAT. The fatty acid analysis showed that the levels of C12:0 and C14:0 in a CnLPAAT-pYES2 transformant increased significantly compared with a pYES2 transformant. Additionally, to detect the effect of CnLPAAT expression in plants, it was heterologously overexpressed in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) under the control of the seed-specific napin promoter. The transcript level of CnLPAAT varied 28-fold among different transgenic lines, with 11 lines displaying detectable levels of CnLPAAT expression. However, an analysis of the fatty acid composition of transgenic tobacco seeds showed that the levels of C12:0 and C14:0 decreased diversely in comparison with untransformed tobacco plants. These findings provide new insights into the activities of CnLPAAT and assist in genetically applying this functional mechanism in other plants to accumulate high levels of MCFAs.
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