Shunaoxin dropping pill, a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine formula, has been used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in China since 2005. It is composed of two herbs named Chuanxiong (
...Ligusticum chuanxiong
Hort, Umbelliferae) and Danggui (
Angelica sinensis
radix, Umbelliferae). It has been reported that these two herbs have anti-diabetic activities. Phenolic acids and lactones are the main active components in Chuanxiong and Danggui. Ferulic acid and ligustilide are the representative compounds of phenolic acids and lactones, respectively. Previous study has documented the hypoglycemic activity of ferulic acid. However, the anti-diabetic activities of total lactones from Chuanxiong and Danggui or ligustilide have not been well studied. Therefore, the present study was designed to demonstrate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of ligustilide-rich total lactones (LT) from Shunaoxin dropping pills
in vivo
, thereby elucidating its probable antidiabetic mechanism. The present results showed that after 3 weeks of treating with LT, the blood glucose levels were significantly reduced in diabetic mice, and the oral glucose tolerance test showed that LT could improve glucose tolerance. The serum insulin concentration was also dramatically reduced. In addition, there was a marked decline in the serum levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C in mice treated with LT. In addition, the serum level of HDL-C was enhanced to a certain degree in diabetic mice treated with LT. In the histopathological examination of the mouse pancreas, LT showed significant protection of the pancreas in diabetic mice. The results provide a sound rationale for future clinical trials of the oral administration of LT for the primary prevention of diabetes mellitus.
Shunaoxin dropping pill, a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine formula, has been used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in China since 2005.
The aim of this study was to explore the inhibitory effect of Rhizoma Parisdis total Saponins (RPS) and the main monomer compounds (polyphyllin I, II, VI and H) on gastric emptying and ...gastrointestinal motility
in vitro
and
in vivo
. The
in vivo
experiments demonstrated that mosapride (2.25 mg kg
−1
) and neostigmine (0.1 mg kg
−1
) could promote gastric emptying, while RPS (250 and 500 mg kg
−1
), adrenalin (0.3 mg kg
−1
), atropine (2 mg kg
−1
) and dopamine (1 mg kg
−1
) inhibited gastric emptying. Neostigmine markedly enhanced the delayed gastric motility induced by RPS in mice. The delaying effect of RPS was abolished by atropine and dopamine treatments but not adrenalin. RPS reduced gastric emptying by several pathways, which involved regulating muscarinic receptors. From the
in vitro
experiments we found that RPS and the main monomer compounds (polyphyllin I, II, VI and H) (20-160 μg ml
−1
) concentration-dependently inhibited the contractions in the antral circular strip compared to untreated controls. Besides, RPS and polyphyllin I, II, VI and H partly prohibited the stimulatory effect of acetylcholine (10 μM) but RPS-induced relaxation was significantly reduced by pretreatment with atropine (10 μM) on gastric antral smooth muscle contractility (GASMC). In addition, we also found that polyphyllin I and II had a stronger inhibitory effect on GASMC than that of polyphyllin VI and H. The experiment indicated that RPS could inhibit the gastric emptying, with polyphyllin I, II, VI and H being the major active ingredients. Meanwhile, the inhibition of gastric emptying and contractions of the antral circular strip by RPS predominantly involves muscarinic receptors.
The aim of this study was to explore the inhibitory effect of Rhizoma Parisdis total Saponins (RPS) and the main monomer compounds (polyphyllin I, II, VI and H) on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility
in vitro
and
in vivo
.
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