To provide a detailed description of the current oocyte vitrification status as a means of elective fertility preservation (EFP).
Retrospective observational multicenter study.
Private ...university-affiliated center.
A total of 1,468 women who underwent EFP because of age or having associated a medical condition other than cancer (January 2007 to April 2015).
None.
Survival and cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) per consumed oocyte.
Mean age was higher with EFP due to age versus having an associated medical reason (37.7 y 95% confidence interval (CI) 36.5–37.9 vs. 35.7 y 95% CI 34.9–36.3). In total, 137 patients (9.3%) returned to use their oocytes. Overall survival rate was 85.2% (95% CI 83.2–87.2). Live birth rate per patient was higher in women ≤35 years old than ≥36 years old (50% 95% CI 32.7–67.3 vs. 22.9% 95% CI 14.9–30.9). CLBR was higher and increased faster in younger women. The gain in CLBR was sharp from 5 (15.4%, 95% CI −4.2 to 35.0) to 8 oocytes (40.8%, 95% CI 13.2–68.4), with an 8.4% gain per additional oocyte, in the ≤35-year-old group. The increase was slower with 10–15 oocytes, reaching a plateau CLBR of 85.2%. A milder increase (4.9% gain) was observed in the ≥36-year-old group (from 5.1% 95% CI −0.6 to 10.7 to 19.9% 95% CI 8.7–31.1 when 5–8 oocytes were consumed), reaching the plateau with 11 oocytes (CLBR 35.6%). Forty babies were born.
At least 8–10 metaphase II oocytes are necessary to achieve reasonable success. Numbers should be individualized in women >36 years old. We suggest encouraging women who are motivated exclusively by a desire to postpone childbearing because of age, to come at younger ages to increase success possibilities.
Context: Glycemic disturbance is usually less severe in pregnant women with type 2 than in those with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Nevertheless, a worse perinatal outcome in women with type 2 DM ...has been reported in some studies.
Objective: Our objective was to review maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with type 2 vs. type 1 DM.
Study Selection: We conducted a systematic review of papers providing original data on pregnancy outcomes in both type 2 and type 1 DM (Medline search of the period January 1, 1987, to June 30, 2008). Two independent investigators considered papers for eligibility, and a third one solved discrepancies.
Data Extraction: Metaanalysis tools were used to compare four main outcomes (major congenital malformations, stillbirth, and neonatal and perinatal mortality) and 15 secondary ones (five maternal, 10 fetal). Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were used to assess quality.
Data Synthesis: Thirty-three studies qualified for inclusion of 3743 citations retrieved. Women with type 2 DM had lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at booking and throughout pregnancy but a higher risk of perinatal mortality odds ratio (OR) 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.96 without significant differences in the rates of major congenital malformations, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality. As to secondary outcomes, women with type 2 DM had less diabetic ketoacidosis (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02–0.34) and cesarean section (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.59–0.94) without differences in other outcomes.
Conclusions: Despite a milder glycemic disturbance, women with type 2 DM had no better perinatal outcomes than those with type 1, indicating that type 2 DM in pregnancy is a serious condition.
Despite lower HbA1c, women with type 2 diabetes mellitus have similar, if not worse, fetal outcomes than those with type 1 diabetes.
The Central Engines of Fermi Blazars Paliya, Vaidehi S.; Domínguez, A.; Ajello, M. ...
The Astrophysical journal. Supplement series,
04/2021, Letnik:
253, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract
We present a catalog of central engine properties, i.e., black hole mass (
M
BH
) and accretion luminosity (
L
disk
), for a sample of 1077 blazars detected with the Fermi Large Area ...Telescope. This includes broad emission-line systems and blazars whose optical spectra lack emission lines but are dominated by the absorption features arising from the host galaxy. The average
M
BH
for the sample is
, and there is evidence suggesting the association of more massive black holes with absorption-line systems. Our results indicate a bimodality of
L
disk
in Eddington units (
L
disk
/
L
Edd
) with broad-line objects tend to have a higher accretion rate (
L
disk
/
L
Edd
> 0.01). We have found that
L
disk
/
L
Edd
and Compton dominance (CD; the ratio of the inverse Compton to synchrotron peak luminosities) are positively correlated at the >5
σ
confidence level, suggesting that the latter can be used to reveal the state of accretion in blazars. Based on this result, we propose a CD-based classification scheme. Sources with CD > 1 can be classified as high-Compton-dominated or HCD blazars, whereas those with CD ≲ 1 are low-Compton-dominated (LCD) objects. This scheme is analogous to that based on the mass accretion rate proposed in the literature; however, it overcomes the limitation imposed by the difficulty in measuring
L
disk
and
M
BH
for objects with quasi-featureless spectra. We conclude that the overall physical properties of Fermi blazars are likely to be controlled by the accretion rate in Eddington units. The catalog is made public at
http://www.ucm.es/blazars/engines
and Zenodo.
The increasing complexity in morphology and composition of modern biomedical materials (e.g., soft and hard biological tissues, synthetic and natural‐based scaffolds, technical textiles) and the high ...sensitivity to the processing environment requires the development of innovative but benign technologies for processing and treatment. This scenario is particularly applicable where current conventional techniques (steam/dry heat, ethylene oxide, and gamma irradiation) may not be able to preserve the functionality and integrity of the treated material. Sterilization using supercritical carbon dioxide emerges as a green and sustainable technology able to reach the sterility levels required by regulation without altering the original properties of even highly sensitive materials. In this review article, an updated survey of experimental protocols based on supercritical sterilization and of the efficacy results sorted by microbial strains and treated materials was carried out. The application of the supercritical sterilization process in materials used for biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food applications is assessed. The opportunity of supercritical sterilization of not only replace the above mentioned conventional techniques, but also of reach unmet needs for sterilization in highly sensitive materials (e.g., single‐use medical devices, the next‐generation biomaterials, and medical devices and graft tissues) is herein unveiled.
Coral reefs worldwide are threatened by thermal stress caused by climate change. Especially devastating periods of coral loss frequently occur during El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events ...originating in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). El Niño‐induced thermal stress is considered the primary threat to ETP coral reefs. An increase in the frequency and intensity of ENSO events predicted in the coming decades threatens a pan‐tropical collapse of coral reefs. During the 1982–1983 El Niño, most reefs in the Galapagos Islands collapsed, and many more in the region were decimated by massive coral bleaching and mortality. However, after repeated thermal stress disturbances, such as those caused by the 1997–1998 El Niño, ETP corals reefs have demonstrated regional persistence and resiliency. Using a 44 year dataset (1970–2014) of live coral cover from the ETP, we assess whether ETP reefs exhibit the same decline as seen globally for other reefs. Also, we compare the ETP live coral cover rate of change with data from the maximum Degree Heating Weeks experienced by these reefs to assess the role of thermal stress on coral reef survival. We find that during the period 1970–2014, ETP coral cover exhibited temporary reductions following major ENSO events, but no overall decline. Further, we find that ETP reef recovery patterns allow coral to persist under these El Niño‐stressed conditions, often recovering from these events in 10–15 years. Accumulative heat stress explains 31% of the overall annual rate of change of living coral cover in the ETP. This suggests that ETP coral reefs have adapted to thermal extremes to date, and may have the ability to adapt to near‐term future climate‐change thermal anomalies. These findings for ETP reef resilience may provide general insights for the future of coral reef survival and recovery elsewhere under intensifying El Niño scenarios.
El Niño is the main threat to coral reefs in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), but it is unknown if the coral cover decreases in the long term due to El Niño‐induced thermal stress. Based on a 44 year time‐series analysis of live coral cover (1970–2014), we determine that, unlike in the Caribbean and the Indo‐Pacific, coral reefs in the ETP do not show a long‐term decline. Our analysis indicates that ETP coral reefs show recovery patterns of 10–15 years, allowing them to persist under El Niño‐stressed conditions. We explore some possible explanations for this resilience to thermal stress.
DESCRIPTION: Update of the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for depression in adults. METHODS: The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the benefits and harms of ...screening for depression in adult populations, including older adults and pregnant and postpartum women; the accuracy of depression screening instruments; and the benefits and harms of depression treatment in these populations. POPULATION: This recommendation applies to adults 18 years and older. RECOMMENDATION: The USPSTF recommends screening for depression in the general adult population, including pregnant and postpartum women. Screening should be implemented with adequate systems in place to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and appropriate follow-up. (B recommendation)
The current socio-economic, environmental and public health challenges that countries are facing clearly need common-defined strategies to inform and support our transition to a sustainable economy. ...Here, the technology-critical elements (which includes Ga, Ge, In, Te, Nb, Ta, Tl, the Platinum Group Elements and most of the rare-earth elements) are of great relevance in the development of emerging key technologies—including renewable energy, energy efficiency, electronics or the aerospace industry. In this context, the increasing use of technology-critical elements (TCEs) and associated environmental impacts (from mining to end-of-life waste products) is not restricted to a national level but covers most likely a global scale. Accordingly, the European COST Action TD1407: Network on Technology-Critical Elements (NOTICE)—from environmental processes to human health threats, has an overall objective for creating a network of scientists and practitioners interested in TCEs, from the evaluation of their environmental processes to understanding potential human health threats, with the aim of defining the current state of knowledge and gaps, proposing priority research lines/activities and acting as a platform for new collaborations and joint research projects. The Action is focused on three major scientific areas: (i) analytical chemistry, (ii) environmental biogeochemistry and (iii) human exposure and (eco)-toxicology.
The ceria-catalyzed oxidation of soot by O2/NO takes place with ceria oxygen (directly and via NO oxidation to NO2), and gas-phase O2 fills up the oxygen vacancies created on the catalyst. Display ...omitted
► Ceria oxygen, and not gas-phase molecular oxygen, oxidizes NO to NO2. ► Ceria oxygen exchanges with gas-phase O2 and prevails with regard to NO oxidation. ► Ceria oxygen oxidizes soot directly (active oxygen) or mediated by NO2. ► Gas-phase O2 does not react with soot, but fills up oxygen vacancies on ceria.
The ceria-catalyzed soot oxidation mechanism has been studied by a pulse technique with labeled O2 in the absence and presence of NO, using ceria–soot mixtures prepared in the loose contact mode. In the absence of soot, the ceria-catalyzed oxidation of NO to NO2 takes place with ceria oxygen and not with gas-phase O2. However, the oxygen exchange process between gas-phase O2 and ceria oxygen (to yield back O2, but with oxygen atoms coming from ceria) prevailed with regard to the ceria-catalyzed oxidation of NO to NO2. Gas-phase O2 did not react directly with soot when pulsed to a soot–ceria loose contact mixture. Instead, ceria oxygen is transferred to soot (this step does not require gas-phase molecular oxygen to be present), and gas-phase O2 fills up the vacancies created on the oxide in a further step. The transfer of oxygen between ceria and soot occurred directly in the absence of NO. However, in the presence of NO, NO2 is expected to be additionally generated by ceria oxygen oxidation, which also reacts with soot. The main reaction products of the ceria-catalyzed soot oxidation reaction with NO/O2 were CO2 and NO. Additionally, evidence of the reduction of NOx to N2 was found.
Display omitted
•The new domain models exploitation paradigm: Model Driven Engineering.•The challenge of use the HL7 metamodel in the MDE context.•Software engineers will use the benefits of HL7 ...standards and UML & MDE existing tools.
HL7 (Health Level 7) International is an organization that defines health information standards. Most HL7 domain information models have been designed according to a proprietary graphic language whose domain models are based on the HL7 metamodel. Many researchers have considered using HL7 in the MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) context. A limitation has been identified: all MDE tools support UML (Unified Modeling Language), which is a standard model language, but most do not support the HL7 proprietary model language. We want to support software engineers without HL7 experience, thus real-world problems would be modeled by them by defining system requirements in UML that are compliant with HL7 domain models transparently. The objective of the present research is to connect HL7 with software analysis using a generic model-based approach. This paper introduces a first approach to an HL7 MDE solution that considers the MIF (Model Interchange Format) metamodel proposed by HL7 by making use of a plug-in developed in the EA (Enterprise Architect) tool.
Ce
1−
x
Y
x
O
2 and Ce
0.85−
x
Zr
0.15Y
x
O
2 mixed oxides have been prepared, characterised and tested for catalysed soot oxidation. Ce
0.84Zr
0.15Y
0.01O
2 is the most active catalyst, and higher ...yttrium loading (
x
=
0.05–0.12) is less effective than
x
=
0.01 because yttrium is mainly accumulated at the surface of the particles and hinders the catalytic activity of cerium.
▪
Ce
1−
x
Y
x
O
2 and Ce
0.85−
x
Zr
0.15Y
x
O
2 mixed oxides have been prepared by 1000
°C-nitrates calcination to ensure thermally stable catalysts. The physico-chemical properties of the mixed oxides have been studied by N
2 adsorption at −196
°C, XPS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and H
2-TPR, and the catalytic activity for soot oxidation in air has been studied by TG in the loose and tight contact modes. Yttrium is accumulated at the surface of Ce
1−
x
Y
x
O
2 and Ce
0.85−
x
Zr
0.15Y
x
O
2, and this accumulation is more pronounced for the former formulation than for the latter, because the deformation of the lattice due to zirconium doping favours yttrium incorporation. Yttrium and zirconium exhibit opposite effects on the surface concentration of cerium; while zirconium promotes the formation of cerium-rich surfaces, yttrium hinders the accumulation of cerium on the surface. For experiments in tight contact between soot and catalyst, all the Ce
1−
x
Y
x
O
2 catalysts are more active than bare CeO
2, and Ce
0.99Y
0.01O
2 is the most active catalyst. The benefit of yttrium doping in catalytic activity of ceria can be related to two facts: (i) the Y
3+ surface enrichment hinders crystallite growth; (ii) the surface segregation of Y
3+ promotes oxygen vacancies creation. High yttrium loading (
x
=
0.12) is less effective than low dosage (
x
=
0.01) because yttrium is mainly accumulated at the surface of the particles and hinders the participation of cerium in the soot oxidation reaction, which is the active component. For the mixed oxides with formulation Ce
0.85−
x
Zr
0.15Y
x
O
2 (operating in tight contact) the effect of zirconium on the catalytic activity prevails with respect to that of yttrium. For experiments in loose contact between soot and catalyst, the catalytic activity depends on their BET surface area, and the catalysts Ce
0.85−
x
Zr
0.15Y
x
O
2 (BET
=
10–13
m
2/g) are more active than the catalysts Ce
1−
x
Y
x
O
2 (BET
=
2–3
m
2/g). In the loose contact mode, the yttrium doping and loading have a minor or null affect on the activity, and the stabilising effect of the BET area due to zirconium doping prevails.
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