Parents returning to work after the arrival of a new son or daughter is an important question for understanding the trajectory of people's lives and professional careers amid current debates about ...gender equality and work-life balance (WLB). Interestingly, current research concludes that general WLB practices at the workplace may be necessary in the specific case of women returning to work after childbirth because of the particular maternal and infant factors involved. However, WLB practices as a flexible arrangement may work against women because they may be viewed as a lack of organizational commitment. Therefore, research on this topic could benefit from considering supervisor support as a complement of such practices, but previous research has analyzed WLB and supervisor support separately and scarcely. To fill this gap in the literature, we use two sub-samples of 664 female employees and 749 male employees with children under the age of one from 27 European countries participating in the 6th European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS-2015) to study the impact of
WLB on European women's
well-being after childbirth, in contrast with previous literature. We also analyze the impact of perceived supervisor support (SS) and its interaction with perceived WLB on women's well-being after childbirth, and explore differences with men after childbirth, a collective underexplored by the literature. We find significant gender differences on the relative impact of WLB, SS, and their interaction on perceived job well-being. Our results have important implications for human resource practices in organizations. In particular, they suggest that gendered WLB practices should be encouraged, and stress the relevance of the human factor over human resource practices in addressing the difficulties that women returning to work face after childbirth.
•The six dimensions of psychopathology of FEP patients showed great heterogeneity in their long-term trajectories.•The assessments of predictors from the onset of illness may allow targeting a ...subgroup of FEP patients at high-risk of poor long-term outcome.•A multidimensional assessment at baseline and the follow-up is recommend to better tailoring interventions for the prevention of poor outcomes on specific psychopathological dimensions.
Patients with first-episode psychoses (FEP) exhibit heterogeneity in clinical manifestations and outcomes. This study investigated the long-term trajectories of six key psychopathological dimensions (reality-distortion, negative, disorganization, catatonia, mania and depression) in patients diagnosed with FEP.
A total of 243 patients were followed up for 20 years and the trajectories of the dimensions were analysed using growth mixture modelling. These dimensions showed varied course patterns, ranging from two to five trajectories. Additionally, the study examined the predictive value of different factors in differentiating between the long-term trajectories.
The exposome risk score showed that familial load, distal and intermediate risk factors, acute psychosocial stressors and acute onset were significant predictors for differentiating between long-term psychopathological trajectories. In contrast, polygenic risk score, duration of untreated psychosis and duration of untreated illness demonstrated little or no predictive value.
The findings highlight the importance of conducting a multidimensional assessment not only at FEP but also during follow-up to customize the effectiveness of interventions. Furthermore, the results emphasize the relevance of assessing premorbid predictors from the onset of illness. This may enable the identification of FEP patients at high-risk of poor long-term outcomes who would benefit from targeted prevention programs on specific psychopathological dimensions.
•UHPLC with fluorescence detection is proposed to determine benzimidazole drugs.•SALLE is used for its simplicity, efficiency and low environmental impact.•SALLE-UHPLC-FL methodology has been applied ...to farmed fish muscle tissue samples.•Thirteen BZs are determined in fish within 10 min with recoveries higher than 79%.•LOQs from 0.15 to 100 μg kg−1 were obtained using trout muscle as representative.
Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with fluorescence detection (FL) has been proposed for the first time to determine thirteen benzimidazoles (BZs) in farmed fish samples. In order to optimize the chromatographic separation, parameters such as mobile phase composition and flow rate were carefully studied, establishing a gradient mode with a mobile phase consisted of water (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The separation was performed on a Zorbax Eclipse Plus RRHD C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), involving a total analysis time lower than 12 min. Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) was applied as sample treatment to different types of farmed fish (trout, sea bream and sea bass). To obtain satisfactory extraction efficiencies for the studied analytes, several parameters affecting the SALLE procedure were optimized including the amount of sample, type and volume of the extraction solvent, and the nature and amount of the salt used. Characterization of the method in terms of performance characteristics was carried out, obtaining satisfactory results for the linearity (R2 ≥ 0.997), repeatability (RSD ≤ 6.1%), reproducibility (RSD ≤ 10.8%) and recoveries (R ≥ 79%; RSD ≤ 7.8%). Detection limits between 0.04–29.9 μg kg−1 were obtained, demonstrating the applicability of this fast, simple and environmentally friendly method.
Nowadays the interest and consumption of pseudocereals is increasing due to their nutritional properties. Like cereals and oilseeds, pseudocereal seeds are susceptible to fungal growth and mycotoxin ...contamination; however these matrices have received little attention in literature. A sensitive, simple and rapid method for the determination of fifteen mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, fusarenon-X, T-2 and HT-2 toxin, citrinin, sterigmatocystin and zearalenone) in pseudocereals (buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth) has been developed and validated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS), using a QuEChERS-based sample treatment. This study also includes cereals such as spelt and white, brown and red rice. Matrix-matched calibration curves were established and limits of quantification were below the maximum contents established by EU regulation in cereals. The precision (repeatability and intermediate precision) was lower than 12% in all cases and recoveries were between 60.0% and 103.5%, fulfilling the current legislation. Finally, the content of aflatoxin B1 found in a red rice sample was confirmed by comparison of the result obtained by using immunoaffinity columns for extraction and clean-up.
•UHPLC–MS/MS is proposed for determination of 15 mycotoxins in pseudocereals, rice and spelt.•A simple sample treatment, based on QuEChERS extraction, is proposed.•LOQs are below maximum concentrations allowed by EU in cereals.•RSDs were <12% and recoveries were >60%, fulfilling current legislation.•The method is a good alternative for multimycotoxin determination in pseudocereals and cereals.
Aim of study: Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable, limited and strategic resource, inefficiently used in agriculture. Organic carbon (C) supply to soil can stimulate microbial activity increasing the ...mobilization of soil P thus improving its uptake by crops. This work aimed at investigating the effect of different C amendments on P uptake and how may differ depending on soil properties and P fertilization. Area of study: Soils used in this study were collected in SW Spain. Material and methods: An experiment with cucumber was performed involving three factors: (i) C amendment (cellulose, glucose, citric acid and control without amendment), (ii) soil type (Vertisol and Alfisol), and (iii) P supply (unfertilized, and mineral phosphate in form of KH2PO4). Main results: Cellulose or glucose provided the highest P uptake by plants in soils independently of the treatment. Cellulose and glucose addition was effective increasing dry matter (DM) in the Alfisol. Citric acid application decreased the development of aerial parts and roots, and P uptake in soils compared with other sources. In the Alfisol, increased P uptake with cellulose was associated to an increased concentration of low molecular weight organic acids, which seemed to be related to microbial activity. Research highlights: Organic amendments affect microbial activity, and P mobilization mechanisms are associated to microorganisms. This explain the improvement of P supply to plants with amendments; these effects, however, are modulated by soil properties and consequently vary depending on soil type.
Viral pneumonias remain global health threats, as exemplified in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, requiring novel treatment strategies both early and late in ...the disease process. We have reported that mice treated before or soon after infection with a combination of inhaled Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/6 and 9 agonists (Pam2-ODN) are broadly protected against microbial pathogens including respiratory viruses, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to validate strategies for immune modulation in a preclinical model of viral pneumonia and determine their mechanisms. Mice were challenged with the
in the presence or absence of Pam2-ODN treatment. Virus burden and host immune responses were assessed to elucidate Pam2-ODN mechanisms of action and to identify additional opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Enhanced survival of
pneumonia with Pam2-ODN treatment was associated with reductions in lung virus burden and with virus inactivation before internalization. We noted that mortality in sham-treated mice corresponded with CD8
T-cell lung inflammation on days 11-12 after virus challenge, after the viral burden had declined. Pam2-ODN blocked this injurious inflammation by minimizing virus burden. As an alternative intervention, depleting CD8
T cells 8 days after viral challenge also decreased mortality. Stimulation of local innate immunity within the lungs by TLR agonists early in disease or suppression of adaptive immunity by systemic CD8
T-cell depletion late in disease improves outcomes of viral pneumonia in mice. These data reveal opportunities for targeted immunomodulation to protect susceptible human subjects.
Graphene aerogels and graphene aerogel-nanodiamond hybrids have been fabricated by a mild reduction/self-assembly hydrothermal method using graphene oxide dispersion as a precursor. The aerogels have ...been used as metal-free catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) aerogels without nanodiamonds outperformed carbon nanotubes in terms of propene productivity and selectivity, which is correlated with a higher content of accessible carbonyl-quinone groups and more defective structures of reduced graphene oxide. Graphene aerogels loaded with low amounts of nanodiamonds (2 wt%) by a one-pot strategy provided 18% higher activity than RGO aerogels, ascribed to the increase of the sp3/sp2 ratio. For nanodiamond contents higher than 2 wt%, the productivity and selectivity drops, which can be explained by a dramatic decrease of carbonyl-quinone groups, an increased content of unselective oxygen species and clustering of nanodiamonds for the highest loadings. Hybrid aerogels are freestanding, robust and highly porous monoliths; thereby a suitable platform to be used as catalysts or adsorbents in flow systems.
Based on the discussion of current state of research of relevant topics of metastatic bladder cancer (mBC) among a group of experts of a Spanish Oncology Genitourinary (SOGUG) Working Group, a set of ...recommendations were proposed to overcome the challenges posed by the management of mBC in clinical practice. First-line options in unfit patients for cisplatin are chemotherapy with carboplatin and immunotherapy in PD-L1 positive patients. FDG-PET/CT may be a useful imaging technique in the initial staging or re-staging. In patients with oligometastatic disease, it is important to consider not only the number of metastatic lesions, but also the tumor biology and the clinical course. The combination of stereotactic body radiotherapy and immunotherapy with anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies is under investigation and could improve the results of systemic treatment in patient with oligometastatic disease. Rescue treatment with curative intent could be considered in patients with oligometastatic disease after complete response on FDG-PET/CT. Metastatic disease should be evaluated using the same imaging modality over the course of the disease from diagnosis until rescue treatment. For improving the outcome of patients with mBC, the involvement of a dedicated multidisciplinary team, including urologists, pathologists, oncologists, radiologists and other specialists is of outmost importance in the daily care of these patients.
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