ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
The aims were to: (1) examine the levels of physical activity (PA) during different time periods (ie, daily PA, school hour PA, recess PA, physical education classes PEC PA) in ...children and adolescents; and (2) identify the rate of compliance with the specific PA recommendations for these time periods.
METHODS
The participants were 1925 (940 girls) children and adolescents from 40 Spanish schools. Hip‐worn accelerometers were used to assess PA during different time periods.
RESULTS
Boys and children were more physically active and had a greater percentage meeting the daily PA recommendation and the school‐based PA recommendation than girls and adolescents, respectively. Compliance with daily PA recommendation was markedly higher than that with the school‐based PA recommendation, regardless of sex and age groups (ie, 80.4% vs 24.1% for daily and school‐based PA recommendations, respectively, in child boys). A very low percentage (ie, 9.7% and 1.2% of child boys with almost 50% of moderate‐to‐vigorous PA during recess and PEC, respectively) of students reached the recommended PA levels for recess and PEC.
CONCLUSIONS
Physical activity levels during school hours, recess, and PEC in children and adolescents are very low. Promoting PA in school settings is essential, especially in girls and adolescents.
•Time spent by parents watching television was positively associated with screen-based sedentary behavior in boys and girls.•Coparticipation with parents and siblings in physical activity was ...negatively related with screen-based sedentary behavior in boys and girls, respectively.•Coparticipation with friends in playing videogames (in boys) and in surfing the Internet (in girls) was positively associated with screen-based sedentary behavior and negatively related with educational-based sedentary behavior.•Coparticipation with friends in physical activity was negatively related with accelerometer-based sedentary behavior and screen-based sedentary behavior both in both boys and girls.
The aim of the present study was to analyze the associations of youths’ sedentary behavior (SB) with parents’ and siblings’ SB and physical activity (PA), as well as the associations of youths’ coparticipation with parents, siblings, and friends in PA and SB with youths’ SB.
The sample consisted of 1543 youths (12.02 ± 2.51 years; 788 boys) enrolled in the baseline cohort of the UP&DOWN study. SB was assessed by accelerometry and questionnaire. Participants reported the time spent by their parents and siblings watching television, playing videogames, surfing the Internet, sitting/resting, and doing PA. Further, participants reported coparticipation with parents, siblings, and friends in these activities. Linear mixed models, including school and city as random effects, were performed.
Parents’ television time was positively associated with youths’ screen-based SB. Coparticipation with friends in playing videogames (in boys) and in surfing the Internet (in girls) showed a positive association with screen-based SB and a negative association with educational-based SB. Moreover, coparticipation with siblings and friends in PA was inversely associated with accelerometer-based SB in boys and girls.
Our results emphasize the important role of social modeling in the development of sedentary lifestyles in youths. Interventions aimed at reducing health risk behaviors in youths could be more effective if they are oriented from a social perspective that involves their families and networks of their closest friends.
This study investigated the associations between the characteristics of the nearby physical environment with the total and domain-specific leisure-time sedentary behaviour (SB) in young people. The ...study included 1578 youth (9-18 years) from the UP&DOWN study. Total leisure-time SB was objectively-assessed by accelerometers. Participants self-reported the time spent during leisure-time in different domains of SB (i.e. screen-based, educational-based, social-based, and other-based SB). Information regarding the basic characteristics of the house, the perceived neighbourhood environment, the amount of physical activity facilities, equipment and materials attainable at home, and the media equipment available at home and in the own bedroom was collected. Linear mixed models were performed, including school and city as random effects. The availability of yard was related to lower total SB and time spent surfing the Internet in boys, but not in girls. More favourable perceived neighbourhood environment was associated with lower total SB and time spent playing video games in girls, but not in boys. The amount of physical activity materials at home was negatively associated with screen-based SB, while the availability of a computer in the own bedroom was positively related to the time spent surfing the Internet in boys and girls. The number of televisions at home and having a computer in the own bedroom was associated with lower time in educational-based SB in boys and girls, respectively. Increasing the number of PA materials at home and decreasing the number of TVs at home and the availability of a computer in the bedroom could improve SB profiles of youth.
Throwing velocity is a relevant variable in water polo performance. Few studies have investigated the throw’s speed during an official competition or real game situation in high level competition. ...All throws performed in 27th European Championship in 2006 (Belgrade, Serbia) and 12th World Championships in 2007 (Melbourne, Australia) were analyzed in the present study. The total sample was composed of 5,691 throws (2,474 in female category). The study was developed with an observational design. A digital video camera, a radar and Polo Análisis Directo v1.0 software were used to record data. The reliability between the observers was verified using the kappa agreement index, ensuring that in all cases this value was greater than .85. The average maximum speed of throws in female water polo was 13.88 m/s (±2.44 m/s) and 16.94 m/s (±3.38 m/s) in male. The variables distance and game situation showed a combined ability to predict 19% of speed differences in female water polo throws and 33% in male.
This study aims to examine the associations of parental rules with sedentary behavior (SB) in youth. Leisure-time SB was assessed by accelerometry and questionnaire. In boys, parental rules regarding ...TV were negatively associated with objectively-measured leisure-time SB and time spent in all screen behaviors, but positively associated with educational SB. Among girls, the total number of parental rules was negatively associated with the time spent surfing the Internet, but positively related with educational SB, on weekends. The imposition of rules by parents may be a simple and effective strategy to improve sedentary patterns in youth, especially among boys.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Previous studies suggest that the physical environment is associated with youth physical activity levels.
The present study aimed at assessing the reliability and validity of an adapted version of ...the ALPHA environmental questionnaire (short version) to adults for application with Spanish youth.
The reliability was evaluated in a sample (n = 190, 80 girls, 14.08 ± 1.38 years) using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Weighted kappa. In other sample (n = 140, 61 girls, 13.03 ± 1.40 years) the validity was assessed using the Spearman correlation (rho) for its association with self-reported and objective (accelerometers) physical activity (PA).
The test-retest reliability showed ICC = 0.69 for the total questionnaire score, ranging from k = 0.42 to 0.77 for individual items. The total score showed significant correlations with PA reported by PACE questionnaire (rho = 0.18, p = 0.040), the Finnish Physical Activity Index (rho = 0.26, p = 0.002) and active commuting for girls (rho = 0.34, p = 0.010), as well as vigorous PA measured by accelerometry (rho = 0.18, p = 0.038).
The adapted version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire has moderate to good reliability and acceptable validity to assess environmental factors that may influence PA in youth.
Resumen. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación entre la eficacia de gol en waterpolo y otros factores asociados como la microsituación de juego, la distancia de lanzamiento y el ángulo de ...lanzamiento. La muestra se compuso de 7215 lanzamientos pertenecientes al Campeonato de Europa de waterpolo (Málaga, 2008) y al Campeonato del Mundo de waterpolo (Roma, 2009). Los datos fueron analizados mediante el software Polo Análisis Directo v.1.0. Tanto en categoría femenina como masculina, la eficacia de gol de los lanzamientos de penalti fue mayor que en el resto de lanzamientos (p <.001). En waterpolo femenino se identificó un modelo con capacidad para predecir el 63% de los goles, donde se observó mayor posibilidad de gol en los lanzamientos llevados a cabo en jugadas de desigualdad numérica (OR=2.65) y de transición (OR=2.04). En waterpolo masculino el modelo tuvo capacidad para explicar el 65% de los goles, observándose mayor posibilidad de gol en las jugadas de desigualdad numérica (OR=2.59), en las jugadas de transición (OR=2.00) y en los lanzamientos efectuados desde la zona central o frontal a la portería (OR=1.33). Extrapolando los resultados al entrenamiento, deberíamos atender a dos directrices principalmente: la precisión de los lanzamientos realizados a una distancia inferior a 5 metros en las micro-situaciones de desigualdad numérica y de transición, y la eficacia de los lanzamientos en igualdad numérica a una distancia superior a 5 metros y desde posiciones laterales.
The aims of the present study were to assess the association of environmental perception with objective and self-reported physical activity (PA) and the relation between environmental perception and ...meeting PA recommendations on children and adolescents. A sample of 1520 youth (770 boys) aged 8-18 years (12.1 ± 2.5 years) from the UP&DOWN study were included in the data analyses. Environmental perception was assessed with the short adapted version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire. PA was objectively (accelerometers) and self-reported measured (PA Questionnaire for Children, Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise Questionnaire and Finnish PA Index). Linear regression models were used to assess the association of environmental perception with PA. Bivariate logistic regression models were used to assess differences between environmental perception and meeting PA recommendations. Environmental perception was positively associated with both objective and self-reported PA. Some differences were found in the association of environmental perception and PA between sex- and age-specific groups. Youth who perceived a more favourable environment were more likely to meet PA recommendations (at least 60 min · day
−1
of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA)). Results suggest that environmental perceptions of children and adolescents may play an important role in achieving higher levels of PA.
Background and objectives: Hydration and physical activity are very important concepts on which we must go more deeply since they are essential for the evaluation of the nutritional status and health ...during adolescence, a key stage in the acquisition of behavioral habits. The objective was to evaluate the possible relationship between hydration status and physical activity (PA) in adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional substudy from the Up & Down Study. A total sample of 67 adolescents (39 males and 28 females) was analyzed, with a mean age of 15.9 years ± 0.3. The subjects were grouped according to their sex. The PA level was measured through the Physician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise questionnaire (PACE), and the hydration parameters Total Body Water (TBW) and ExtraCellular Water (ECW) by bioimpedance. Results: Adolescents showed normal weight in both sexes (mean BMI = 21 kg/m2). Triceps fold values were higher in girls (16.7 ± 5.6 mm) than in boys (10.3 ± 4.4 mm). Water composition values (TBW and ECW, in litres), were higher in boys than in girls (36.8 ± 5.2 vs 29 ± 2.7 and 15.9 ± 2.5 vs 12.7 ± 1.6), respectively. Boys were more active than girls according to their score in the PACE questionnaire, obtaining 3.1 ± 1.7 vs 2.1 ± 1.3 days of commitment with PA recommendation of 60 min/day (p=0.028). 82.1% boys and 64.3% girls had an optimal ECW range. However, when evaluating hydration according to TBW, 33.3% boys were within the optimal range while none of the girls met this range. When studying the relationship among hydration and physical activity, we observed that the subjects who had an optimal hydration range for TBW were the most active ones according to the PACE questionnaire (p=0.011). Conclusions: Girls were less active than boys in general, and this inadequate habit may be related to a less optimal hydration status. Therefore, physical activity should be taken into account when promoting healthy habits among adolescents, particularly those related to their hydration status.
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to analyze the associations of youths’ sedentary behavior (SB) with parents’ and siblings’ SB and physical activity (PA), as well as the associations of ...youths’ coparticipation with parents, siblings, and friends in PA and SB with youths’ SB. Methods: The sample consisted of 1543 youths (12.02 ± 2.51 years; 788 boys) enrolled in the baseline cohort of the UP&DOWN study. SB was assessed by accelerometry and questionnaire. Participants reported the time spent by their parents and siblings watching television, playing videogames, surfing the Internet, sitting/resting, and doing PA. Further, participants reported coparticipation with parents, siblings, and friends in these activities. Linear mixed models, including school and city as random effects, were performed. Results: Parents’ television time was positively associated with youths’ screen-based SB. Coparticipation with friends in playing videogames (in boys) and in surfing the Internet (in girls) showed a positive association with screen-based SB and a negative association with educational-based SB. Moreover, coparticipation with siblings and friends in PA was inversely associated with accelerometer-based SB in boys and girls. Conclusion: Our results emphasize the important role of social modeling in the development of sedentary lifestyles in youths. Interventions aimed at reducing health risk behaviors in youths could be more effective if they are oriented from a social perspective that involves their families and networks of their closest friends. Keywords: Friends, Parents, Sedentary behavior, Siblings, Social environment
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