Lippia graveolens HBK (Mexican oregano) is a species that is regularly used as a condiment in Mexican cuisine. In traditional medicine, it is used for the treatment of respiratory and digestive ...illnesses, headaches, rheumatism and inflammation-related disorders. The main chemical components reported in this species include the following: terpenoids, iridoids and flavonoids. The aim of this study was to determine the potential photochemopreventive effect of the methanolic extract of Lippia graveolens (MELG) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin cancer in SKH-1 mice. The phenolic content, radical scavenger activity, penetration and genotoxicity of the MELG were also evaluated. The MELG exhibited scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and it did not exhibit genotoxic activity in the micronucleus test. In addition, the MELG absorbed UVB (280nm) electromagnetic radiation. The main components detected in the plant extract were naringenin and galangin, and pinocembrin was also isolated and identified through spectroscopic analysis. The MELG demonstrated a photoprotective effect against UVB-induced cell death in Escherichia coli. In chronic challenge experiments, the MELG protected against UVB-induced skin cancer in SKH-1 mice. The MELG penetrated the skin of mice. Topical administration of the MELG protected against chronic UVB-induced damage in mouse SKH-1 skin. Our results suggest that the MELG has photochemopreventive activity and may potentially prevent photo-tumorigenesis.
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•MELG prevents photocarcinogenesis induced by chronic exposure to UVB in SKH-1 mice.•MELG has radical scavenger activity and penetrates skin mice.•Absorbs of UVB and contains pinocembrin, naringenin and galangin•Photoprotective effect against UVB-induced cell death in a bacterial model was demonstrated.
This research shows an extensive analysis of the microstructural, mechanical, and tribological response in a cast Al–Mg–Zn alloy processed through ECAP, developed in order to obtain a material with ...similar properties of the Al-7075 T6 alloy. Microstructure of the Al–Mg–Zn alloy was analyzed through optical and scanning electron microscope; on the other hand, wear tests were carried out on ball-on-disc tribometer according to the ASTM-G99. Before and after processing, mechanical properties were evaluated through microhardness measurements. Furthermore, wear mechanisms and friction coefficient in the Al–Mg–Zn alloy were analyzed and correlated with microstructure and mechanical properties after deformation process, while these results were compared with the properties of the Al-7075 T6 alloy. Results showed that ECAP process improves the mechanical properties, however, a wear resistance decrement in terms of wear rate and friction coefficient was observed.
•Wear behavior of ECAP processed As cast was investigated and compared with AL-7075T6.•The wear mechanism observed has related with the fragmentation of intermetallics phases.•For a higher number of ECAP passes was observed a grains size reduction and redistribution and fragmentation of second phase particles.•The ECAP process show an improvement of mechanicals properties but a decrement of tribological behavior.
Dyssodia tagetiflora is known as ‘Tzaracata’ and ‘flor de muerto’. Recently, D. tagetiflora has been reported to have antioxidant activities in its polar extracts as well as insecticidal activities. ...Hyperoside (1), avicularin (2) and avicularin acetate (3) have been isolated previously. However, the temporary variation in glycoside flavonoids biosynthesis, as well as antibacterial and chemoprotective activities, have not been reported. The amount of 1, 2 and 3 in the different collections was characterized by HPLC-MS. Two new C-glycosides were characterized, quercetin-4’-methyl ether 6-C glucoside (A1) and quercetin-4’-methyl ether 8-C glucoside (A2), as well as 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2,6-dicarboxylate (A3). This is the first report of the presence of C-C flavonoid glycosides compounds in the genus Dyssodia. Hyperoside was the majority compound at all collections. The methanolic extracts of August 2016 and October 2017 were active against Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtillis. The methanolic extract has chemoprotective effects because, when applied topically in SKH-1 mice, it decreases the severity of epidermal damage induced by acute exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In addition, cutaneous photocarcinogenesis was decreased in mice treated with the extract. The methanolic extract of D. tagetiflora has chemoprotective properties by decreasing the damage caused by acute and chronic exposure to UV in mice.
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•This is the first report of C-C flavonoid glycoside compounds in the genus Dyssodia.•Extracts containing A1 were active against Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtillis.•Extracts containing A1 and avicularin acetate had higher bactericide activity.•Methanolic extract of D. tagetiflora reduce UV radiation epidermal damage.•Cutaneous photocarcinogenesis was decreased in mice treated with this extract.
The Guadalquivir Valley is one of three major O3 hotspots in Spain. An airborne and surface measurement campaign was carried out from July 9th to 11th, 2019 to quantify the local/regional O3 ...contributions using experimental approaches. Air quality and meteorology data from surface measurements, a microlight aircraft, a helium balloon, and remote sensing data (TROPOMI-NO2-ESA) were used to obtain the 3D distribution of O3 and various tracer pollutants.
O3 accumulation over 2.5 days started with inputs from oceanic air masses transported inland by sea breezes, which drew O3 and its precursors from a local/regional origin to the northeastern end of the basin. The orographic–meteorological setting of the valley caused vertical recirculation of the air masses inside the valley that caused the accumulation by increasing regional background O3 concentration by 25–30 ppb. Furthermore, possible Mediterranean O3 contributions and additional vertical recirculation through the entrainment zone of the convective boundary layer also contributed. Using particulate matter finer than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), ultrafine particles (UFP), and black carbon (BC) as tracers of local sources, we calculated that local contributions increased regional O3 levels by 20 ppb inside specific pollution plumes transported by the breeze into the valley, and by 10 ppb during midday when flying over an area with abundant agricultural burning during the morning. Air masses that crossed the southern boundaries of the Betic system at mid-altitude (400–1850 m a.s.l.) on July 10th and 11th may have provided additional O3. Meanwhile, a decreasing trend at high altitudes (3000–5000 m a.s.l.) was observed, signifying that the impact of stratospheric O3 intrusion decreased during the campaign.
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•A complex orographic-meteorological scenario accommodated regional O3 accumulation.•The O3 accumulation increased O3 with 25–30 ppb due to the recirculating air masses.•On top of this, local contributions increased O3 levels up to 20 ppb.•Abundant agricultural burning increased O3 with 10 ppb later on the day.•Source-tracing pollutants were used to associate O3 peaks to specific sources.
This study investigated the effects of the addition of untreated sugarcane bagasse ash (UtSCBA) on the microstructural and mechanical properties of mortars. The SCBA was sieved for only five minutes ...through a No. 200 ASTM mesh, and fully characterized by chemical composition analysis, laser ray diffraction, the physical absorption of gas, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Mortar mixtures with 0, 10 and 20% UtSCBA as cement replacement and a constant 0.63 water/cementitious material ratio were prepared. Fresh properties of the mortars were obtained. The microstructural characteristics of the mortars at 1, 7, 28, 90 and 600 days were evaluated by SEM and XRD. The compressive strengths of the mortars at the same ages were then obtained. The results show that the addition of 10 and 20% UtSCBA caused a slight decrease in workability of the mortars but improved their microstructure, increasing the long-term compressive strength.
Essentials
Vitamin K‐dependent coagulant factor deficiency (VKCFD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder.
We describe a case of inherited VKCFD due to uniparental disomy.
The homozygous mutation ...caused the absence of GGCX isoform 1 and overexpression of Δ2GGCX.
Hepatic and non‐hepatic vitamin K‐dependent proteins must be assayed to monitor VKCFD treatment.
Summary
Background
Inherited deficiency of all vitamin K‐dependent coagulant factors (VKCFD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the γ‐glutamyl carboxylase gene (GGCX) or the vitamin K epoxide reductase gene (VKORC1), with great heterogeneity in terms of both clinical presentation and response to treatment.
Objective
To characterize the molecular basis of VKCFD in a Spanish family.
Methods and Results
Sequencing of candidate genes, comparative genomic hybridization and massive sequencing identified a new mechanism causing VKCFD in the proband. Uniparental disomy (UPD) of chromosome 2 caused homozygosity of a mutation (c.44‐1G>A) resulting in aberrant GGCX splicing. This change contributed to absent expression of the mRNA coding for the full‐length protein, and to four‐fold overexpression of the smaller mRNA isoform lacking exon 2 (Δ2GGCX). Δ2GGCX might be responsible for two unexpected clinical observations in the patient: (i) increased plasma osteocalcin levels following vitamin K1 supplementation; and (ii) a mild non‐bleeding phenotype.
Conclusions
Our study identifies a new autosomal disease, VKCFD1, caused by UPD. These data suggest that the Δ2GGCX isoform may retain enzymatic activity, and strongly encourage the evaluation of both hepatic and non‐hepatic vitamin K‐dependent proteins to assess differing responses to vitamin K supplementation in VKCFD patients.
Neoplasic transformation is a continuous process that occurs in the body. Even before clinical signs, the immune system is capable of recognizing these aberrant cells and reacting to suppress them. ...However, transformed cells acquire the ability to evade innate and adaptive immune defenses through the secretion of molecules that inhibit immune effector functions, resulting in tumor progression. Hormones have the ability to modulate the immune system and are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Hormones can control both the innate and adaptive immune systems in men and women. For example androgens reduce immunity through modulating the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Women are more prone than men to suffer from autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and others. This is linked to female hormones modulating the immune system. Patients with autoimmune diseases consistently have an increased risk of cancer, either as a result of underlying immune system dysregulation or as a side effect of pharmaceutical treatments. Epidemiological data on cancer incidence emphasize the link between the immune system and cancer. We outline and illustrate the occurrence of hormone-related cancer and its relationship to the immune system or autoimmune diseases in this review. It is obvious that some observations are contentious and require explanation of molecular mechanisms and validation. As a result, future research should clarify the molecular pathways involved, including any causal relationships, in order to eventually allocate information that will aid in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancer and autoimmune illness.
•Electromagnetic interaction in welding improved localised corrosion resistance.•Electromagnetic interaction in welding enhanced γ/δ phase balance of DuplexSS.•Welding under Electromagnetic ...interaction repress formation and growth of detrimental phases.•Welds made with gas protection (2% O2+98% Ar) have better microstructural evolution during welding.
The resistance to localised corrosion of AISI 2205 duplex stainless steel plates joined by Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) under the effect of electromagnetic interaction of low intensity (EMILI) was evaluated with sensitive electrochemical methods. Welds were made using two shielding gas mixtures: 98% Ar+2% O2 (M1) and 97% Ar+3% N2 (M2). Plates were welded under EMILI using the M1 gas with constant welding parameters. The modified microstructural evolution in the high temperature heat affected zone and at the fusion zone induced by application of EMILI during welding is associated with the increase of resistance to localised corrosion of the welded joints. Joints made by GMAW using the shielding gas M2 without the application of magnetic field presented high resistance to general corrosion but high susceptibility to undergo localised attack.
The standardization of the Intensive Care Medicine may improve the management of the adult critically ill patient. However, these strategies have not been widely applied in the Intensive Care Units ...(ICUs). The aim is to elaborate the recommendations for the standardization of the treatment of critical patients. A panel of experts from the thirteen working groups (WG) of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) was selected and nominated by virtue of clinical expertise and/or scientific experience to carry out the recommendations. Available scientific literature in the management of adult critically ill patients from 2002 to 2016 was extracted. The clinical evidence was discussed and summarised by the experts in the course of a consensus finding of every WG and finally approved by the WGs after an extensive internal review process that was carried out between December 2015 and December 2016. A total of 65 recommendations were developed, of which 5 corresponded to each of the 13 WGs. These recommendations are based on the opinion of experts and scientific knowledge, and are intended as a guide for the intensivists in the management of critical patients.
We report clinical and biochemical finding from three unrelated patients presenting ONCE (Optic Neuropathy, Cardiomyopathy and Encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and combined oxidative ...phosphorylation deficiency) syndrome. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) of the three patients and the healthy sister of one of them was used to identify the carry gene. Clinical and biochemical findings were used to filter variants, and molecular, in silico and genetic studies were performed to characterize the candidate variants. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects involving mutations, deletions or depletion were discarded, whereas WES uncovered a double homozygous mutation in the MTO1 gene (NM_001123226:c.1510C>T, p.R504C, and c.1669G>A, p.V557M) in two of the patients and the homozygous mutation p.R504C in the other. Therefore, our data confirm p.R504C as pathogenic mutation responsible of ONCE syndrome, and p.V557M as a rare polymorphic variant.
The R504C mutation in MTO1 gene is the responsible of ONCE syndrome (Optic Neuropathy, Cardiomyopathy and Encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and combined OXPHOS deficiency) and V557M is a rare polymorphic variant.
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