An abstract of a study by Garcia-Huidobro et al determining the test-retest reliability and validity of measures to identify alcohol and marijuana use susceptibilitv of Latino adolescents. Results ...showed that participating youth were mostly born in the US, had a mean age of 12 years, and had a similar proportion of boys and girls. Baseline prevalence of alcohol use susceptibility was 18.2% and marijuana use susceptibility 5.7%. 10-month prevalence of alcohol use was 17.4% and marijuana use 3.7%. Kappa coefficients between baseline and 4-month reports were 0.52 (95% Cl: 0.35, 0.70) and 0.81 (95% Cl: 0.61. 1.00) for alcohol and marijuana susceptibility. Youth susceptible to alcohol use had 7.63 (95% Cl: 2,49, 23.3) odds of using alcohol after 10 months compared to non-susceptible youth, and youth susceptible to marijuana had 43.76(95% a: 4.84,395.9) odds of using marijuana after 10 months compared to non-susceptible adolescents.
Predator impacts on intertidal community structure have been studied for rocky platforms, but intertidal boulder fields, a habitat with a greater extension and heterogeneity, have not yet been ...considered. Keeping in mind that disturbances are considered an important force in determining intertidal habitat diversity, the aims of this work were to describe and quantify boulder field community structure and to assess boulder field community dynamics by proposing possible food webs, taking into consideration predatory and anthropogenic impacts. These aims were achieved by installing predator-exclusion cages outfitted with rocks that were monitored monthly over one year in two study zones, a Management and Exploitation Area for Benthic Resources (MEABR, Playa Chica) and open-access area (OAA, Playa Grande). For both study zones, juveniles were the dominant observed ontogenetic state and invertebrate richness and density were higher inside exclusion cages. Furthermore, the MEABR had a differentiated impact on community structure and dynamics in comparison with the OAA. In conclusion, the roles played by boulder fields in intertidal diversity, especially in recruitment and as a nursery zone, are important to consider in management plans.
Abstract We reviewed research regarding system- and visit-level strategies to enhance clinical preventive service delivery and quality for adolescents and young adults. Despite professional consensus ...on recommended services for adolescents, a strong evidence base for services for young adults, and improved financial access to services with the Affordable Care Act's provisions, receipt of preventive services remains suboptimal. Further research that builds off successful models of linking traditional and community clinics is needed to improve access to care for all youth. To optimize the clinical encounter, promising clinician-focused strategies to improve delivery of preventive services include screening and decision support tools, particularly when integrated into electronic medical record systems and supported by training and feedback. Although results have been mixed, interventions have moved beyond increasing service delivery to demonstrating behavior change. Research on emerging technology—such as gaming platforms, mobile phone applications, and wearable devices—suggests opportunities to expand clinicians' reach; however, existing research is based on limited clinical settings and populations. Improved monitoring systems and further research are needed to examine preventive services facilitators and ensure that interventions are effective across the range of clinical settings where youth receive preventive care, across multiple populations, including young adults, and for more vulnerable populations with less access to quality care.
An increasing number of culturally adapted family‐level interventions address mental health disparities with marginalized populations in the United States. However, with these developments many ...barriers have arisen, such as challenges with degree of cultural fit, engagement, and sustainability. We conducted 12 elite phenomenological interviews with mental health scholars involved in prevention and intervention family research with various Latinx communities within and outside of the United States. These scholars discussed their experiences of overcoming barriers in their research. We used thematic analysis to code and analyze participant responses, and our findings support the gaps in previous literature and highlight potential pathways to overcoming barriers in cultural adaptation research. Themes included the need for: (a) better understanding of the intersection between culture and context; (b) community‐centered approaches to addressing implementation challenges; and (c) structural changes within institutional, governmental, and political levels. We discuss implications for researchers and practitioners working with Latinx families.
Un número cada vez mayor de intervenciones adaptadas culturalmente a nivel familiar abordan las desigualdades en la salud mental con poblaciones marginadas en los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, con estos avances han surgido muchos obstáculos, como las dificultades con el grado de integración cultural, la participación y la sostenibilidad. Realizamos veinte entrevistas fenomenológicas selectas con investigadores de la salud mental dedicados a la investigación familiar en materia de prevención e intervenciones con varias comunidades latinas dentro y fuera de los Estados Unidos. Estos investigadores comentaron sus experiencias de superación de los obstáculos en su investigación. Utilizamos el análisis temático para decodificar y analizar las respuestas de los participantes; nuestros resultados respaldan la falta de datos en publicaciones previas y destacan las posibles vías para superar los obstáculos en la investigación sobre la adaptación cultural. Los temas incluyeron la nacesidad de: (a) una mejor comprensión del enlace entre la cultura y el contexto; (b) enfoques centrados en la comunidad para abordar las dificultades de implementación; y (c) cambios estructurales dentro de los niveles institucionales, gubernamentales y políticos. Debatimos las implicancias para los investigadores y los profesionales que trabajan con familias latinas.
针对特定文化族群的家庭层面干预来解决处于美国社会边缘的人群心理健康差距问题的做法越来越多,但是在其发展过程中也会遇到一些障碍,比如文化适应程度方面的困难,如何让病人配合和治疗措施持续性的问题等等。我们对12名顶级的心理健康学者进行了现象学的访谈,这些学者均参与过针对很多在美国境内和境外的拉丁美洲社群家庭进行预防和干预的家庭研究。他们都谈到了他们在研究过程中克服障碍的经历。我们使用主题分析法来解码和分析参与者的访谈内容,我们的结果显示在以前的文献中此类研究选题确实存在空白,并指出了克服这些文化调适研究中的障碍的可能路径。主题包括有必要:(a)更好地理解文化和具体生活环境共同的相互作用;(b)以社群为中心的方法来讨论实施过程中的困难;(c)在体制、政府和政治层面进行结构化变革。我们给出了研究者和从业者在跟拉丁美洲家庭打交道时的一些建议。
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