In the last decade, an increase in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony losses has been reported in several countries. The causes of this decline are still not clear. This study was set out to ...evaluate the pesticide residues in stored pollen from honey bee colonies and their possible impact on honey bee losses in Spain. In total, 1,021 professional apiaries were randomly selected. All pollen samples were subjected to multiresidue analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( MS ) and liquid chromatography-MS; moreover, specific methods were applied for neonicotinoids and fipronil. A palynological analysis also was carried out to confirm the type of foraging crop. Pesticide residues were detected in 42% of samples collected in spring, and only in 31% of samples collected in autumn. Fluvalinate and chlorfenvinphos were the most frequently detected pesticides in the analyzed samples. Fipronil was detected in 3.7% of all the spring samples but never in autumn samples, and neonicotinoid residues were not detected. More than 47.8% of stored pollen samples belonged to wild vegetation, and sunflower (Heliantus spp.) pollen was only detected in 10.4% of the samples. A direct relation between pesticide residues found in stored pollen samples and colony losses was not evident accordingly to the obtained results. Further studies are necessary to determine the possible role of the most frequent and abundant pesticides (such as acaricides) and the synergism among them and with other pathogens more prevalent in Spain.
RNA viruses that affect honeybees have been involved in colony losses reported around the world. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of honeybee viruses during ...2006–2007 in Spanish professional apiaries, and their association with colony losses. Four hundred and fifty-six samples from apiaries located in different geographic regions of Spain were analyzed. Thirty-seven percent of the samples had viral presence. Most (80%) had one virus and 20% two different viruses. All the analyzed viruses, Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV), Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV), Sacbrood Virus (SBV) and Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV) were detected, but detection rates were lower than expected. According to these results and considering the high prevalence of other honeybee pathogens in Spain, the role of viruses in colony losses in Spain may be discussed.
Nosema ceranae is a Microsporidia recently described as a parasite in
Apis mellifera honeybees in Europe. Due to the short time since its description, no epidemiological data are available.
In this ...study, spore detection in both pollen baskets and pollen collected from commercial traps is described (PCM, TEM and PCR methods). Spore infectivity is shown after artificial infection of
Nosema-free adult bees.
The epidemiological consequences of the presence of
Nosema spores in corbicular pollen require more study and must be considered in beekeeping practices.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dersalazine sodium (DS) is a new chemical entity formed by combining, through an azo bond, a potent platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist (UR‐12715) with 5‐aminosalicylic ...acid (5‐ASA). DS has been demonstrated to have anti‐inflammatory effects on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)‐induced colitis in rats and recently in UC patients in phase II PoC. There is Increasing evidence that Th17 cells have an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to further characterize the anti‐inflammatory effects of DS.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effect of DS (10 or 30 mg·kg−1 b.i.d.) on TNBS‐induced colitis in rats was studied after 2 and 7 days with special focus on inflammatory mediators. Additionally, its anti‐inflammatory properties were analysed in two different models of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)‐induced colitis, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, the latter being dependent on IL‐17.
KEY RESULTS DS, when administered for 7 days, showed intestinal anti‐inflammatory effects in TNBS‐induced colitis; these effects were observed both macroscopically and through the profile of inflammatory mediators (TNF, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐17). Although the 2 day treatment with DS did not induce intestinal anti‐inflammatory effects, it was sufficient to reduce the enhanced IL‐17 expression. DS showed beneficial effects on DSS‐induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice and reduced colonic pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐17. In contrast, it did not exert intestinal anti‐inflammatory effects on DSS‐induced colitis in BALB/c mice.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS DS exerts intestinal anti‐inflammatory activity in different rodent models of colitis through down‐regulation of IL‐17 expression.
Se llevó a cabo un estudio para determinar la presencia y el impacto de algunos factores relacionados con las pérdidas de colonias de abejas, como el virus IAPV (virus israelita de parálisis aguda) y ...ciertos pesticidas. Se incluyeron en el estudio muestras (abejas adultas y polen almacenado de la cámara de cría) procedentes de 100 colmenares profesionales, la mitad de ellas con claros síntomas de despoblamiento de acuerdo con la región y el momento del año. La prevalencia total del virus IAPV fue del 18% (CI95% = 9,9-26,0; p < 0,0001), tanto en otoño como en primavera y su presencia no estaba directamente relacionada con la manifestación del síntoma de despoblamiento en las colonias de abejas. El fipronil se detectó solo en dos muestras de polen almacenado en la cámara de cría de las colmenas, en ambos casos en colonias asintomáticas. No se detectó imidacloprida en ninguna muestra. Nuestros resultados sugieren que IAPV, fipronil e imidacloprida no están relacionados con las muertes masivas de colonias de abejas detectadas en colmenares profesionales en España.
This study is presented in order to determine the presence and impact of some factors related with honeybee colony losses such as Israeli Acute Paralysis virus (IAPV) and certain pesticides. Samples (house worker bees and stored pollen from brood chamber) were selected from one hundred apiaries, half of them with a clear underpopulation, in accordance with region and time of the year. Total prevalence of IAPV either in spring or in autumn was 18% (CI95% = 9.9-26.0; p < 0.0001), no relationship between IAPV and depopulated colonies was established. Fipronil was only detected in two samples of stored pollen from asymptomatic colonies and imidacloprid was not detected in any sample. Like IAPV, neither fipronil nor imidacloprid appeared to be directly related with the generalized problem of colony death and honey bee losses in professional Spanish apiaries.
Papaya and kale are usual vegetables in the Brazilian diet that have antioxidant activity. This study proposed to evaluate if the concurrent administration of both dried vegetables results in a ...synergism in their intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in the TNBS model of rat colitis. Five groups of rats were used (n=7); non-colitic (NC) and control-group (C) did not receive treatment; one group received orally 130mg/rat/day of papaya (P), other group received the same dose of kale (K) and the last one, 78mg K plus 52mg P (M). The dose 130mg/rat/day of vegetables has the highest butyrate production, as shown by an
in vitro
study 1. After two weeks, colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of TNBS (10mg), and, one week after, damage score (method described by Bell) 2 and biochemical parameters were evaluated. The administration of the mixture showed intestinal anti-inflammatory effect, but this effect was not observed with each vegetable. This was evidenced by a reduction in damage score (6.4±0.9 vs. 7.5±0.4; p<0.05). The colonic iNOS expression was downregulated by M administration. In addition, M and K treatments significantly inhibited the increased production of the TNFα (796±160 and 706±122, M and K, respectively vs
.
1657±180 pg/g tissue; p<0.01); only M administration significantly inhibited the increased production of the IL-1β (12482±2100 vs
.
17744±1118 pg/g tissue; p<0.01). The combination of dried papaya and dried kale results in an increased anti-inflammatory effect in the TNBS model of rat colitis, when compared with each single vegetable.
Acknowledgements: Fapesp and Capes
References:
1 Dias, J.C. et al. (2008)J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. 49:1128–1132.
2 Bell, C.J. et al. (1995) Am. J. Physiol.- Gastr. L. 278: H377-H383.
Papaya fruits contain insoluble diet fibre and are used in popular medicine as a laxative, whereas kale leaves contain mainly soluble diet fibre that has beneficial effects on intestinal flora. The ...aim of this study is to evaluate if the concurrent administration of both vegetables to rats results in a synergism in their prebiotic effects. Four groups of rats were used: control group without treatment, and three treated groups, which received orally papaya (P), kale (K) or a mixture of both (M) (60% K and 40% P) at 130mg/rat/day. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (beneficial bacteria) as well as aerobic and enterobacteria (potential pathogens) counts were determined in the colonic and ceacum contents. The percentage of water was evaluated both in faeces and in intestinal contents. The administration of M significantly increased the ratio of the beneficial bacteria to potential pathogens in both intestinal segments analysed, colon (1.43±0.2 vs. 1.32±0.01; p<0.01) and ceacum (1.4±0.2 vs. 1.3±0.01; p<0.01); however this effect was not observed with each vegetable. In addition, all treatments significantly increased the percentage of water in the faeces (52.3±7.3%, 51.9±8.4% and 51.6±8.9%, K, M and K, respectively, vs
.
48.5±0.8% in controls; p<0.01); whereas only the mixture significantly increased this in ceacum contents (79±12% vs. 75±0.5%; p<0.05) and colonic contents (78±12% vs. 70±2.6%; p<0.05). The combination of both vegetables facilitates the prebiotic effects showed by each one when administered separately.
Acknowledgements: Fapesp and Capes
Introducción y objetivo: Describir un raro caso de tumoración ulcerada como primera manifestación clínica de leucemia mieloblástica aguda AM-10:
Método: Presentamos el caso de un varón de 50 años sin ...antecedentes médicos o tóxicos de interés,que acude por cuadro de odinofagia de 48 horas de evolución, fiebre y malestar general,rápidamente progresivas refractario a analgesia habitual y afecto de tumoración muy ulcerada necrótica con reborde hiperémico y muy dolorosa en el hemipaladar izquierdo, aparecida en las últimas 36 horas sin otros signos patológicos. La analítica presentaba 47.000 leucocitos con blastos.
Resultados: Se realiza biopsia urgente demostrándose tejido infiltrado por proliferación mieloblástica con escasa maduración, sugestivo de leucemia mieloblastica M0-M1, con expresión de CD15 y CD99.
Discusión: La leucemia mieloblástica aguda AM-10 es una grave enfermedad por proliferación de blastos mínimamente diferenciados sin expresar los marcadores celulares típicos , que puede llevar a la muerte en un corto periodo de tiempo si no es tratada. Las manifestaciones en cavidad oral son frecuentes en el contexto de afectación sistémica de la enfermedad, aunque pueden debutar como forma aislada. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes son el aumento de tamaño de las encías, petequias, decoloraciones y hemorragias gingivales . Raramente, pueden aparecer tumores con diversa apariencia. En este caso llamó la atención el aspecto sumamente agresivo y necrótico de una tumoración pequeña muy rápidamente evolutiva y dolorosa. La analítica orientó a enfermedad hematológica, siendo la biopsia profunda demostrativa. El paciente ha recibido quimioterapia agresiva y se encuentra actualmente en seguimiento.
Conclusiones: Ante tumoraciones poco voluminosas pero agresivas ,con amplia necrosis e hiperemia, con clínica refractaria y rápidamente progresiva, debemos sospechar enfermedad hematológica y pedir una fórmula hemática en espera del resultado de una biopsia urgente que permita iniciar el tratamiento.
Resumen Introducción La válvula aórtica bicúspide (VAB) es la malformación cardíaca congénita más frecuente. Se asocia a un mayor riesgo de complicaciones cardiovasculares, entre las que se incluye ...la endocarditis infecciosa (EI). Métodos Estudio observacional, unicéntrico de cohorte, que incluye de forma prospectiva a todos los pacientes ingresados por EI entre 1996 y 2014. Se analizan datos epidemiológicos, clínicos, microbiológicos, ecocardiográficos, complicaciones durante la hospitalización, necesidad quirúrgica, mortalidad intrahospitalaria y seguimiento a un año. Se excluyen los casos con endocarditis sobre válvulas protésicas o en otras localizaciones, y aquellos de cuya válvula aórtica no se tienen datos certeros acerca de su morfología. Se ha realizado un análisis estadístico comparativo entre VAB y tricúspide (VAT). Resultados De un total de 328 casos con EI, 118 (35,67%) fueron sobre válvula aórtica. Tenían VAB 18 (16,22%). Los casos con VAB eran más jóvenes que los portadores de VAT (51 ± 19,06 vs. 60,83 ± 15,73 años, p = 0,021) y tenían menos comorbilidad (índice de Charlson 0,67 ± 0,77 vs. 1,44 ± 1,64, p = 0,03). En el grupo con VAB observamos tendencia a EI causada por Staphylococcus spp. (38,9 vs. 21,5%, p = 0,137). Con diferencia estadística, hubo más complicaciones perivalvulares entre los casos con VAB (55,6% vs. 16,1%, p = 0,001) predominando los abscesos (38,9 vs. 16,1%, p = 0,047). Ser portador de VAB fue el único factor predictor de las mismas (OR 7,87, IC del 95%, 2,38-26,64, p = 0,001). Los pacientes con VAB se operaron más (83,3 vs. 44,1%, p = 0,004) y la mortalidad durante el ingreso hospitalario fue menor, aunque no alcanzó significación estadística (5,6 vs. 25,8%, p = 0,069). La supervivencia a un año fue significativamente superior en el grupo de VAB (93,8 vs 69,3%, p = 0,048). Conclusiones Los pacientes con EI sobre VAB son jóvenes, con poca comorbilidad asociada. Tienen frecuentemente complicaciones perivalvulares por lo que requieren cirugía precoz. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria comparada con EI sobre VAT es menor y la supervivencia a un año es significativamente mayor.
The genetic profile of the Varroa destructor mite infesting Apis mellifera iberiensis colonies located in the Iberian Peninsula and also on Canarian and Balearic islands was determined through ...standard molecular assays (RFLP of the mitochondrial cox1 fragment). The V. destructor Korea haplotype was found in all of the 575 samples analyzed except in one, confirming the worldwide expansion of the more virulent haplotype. The mitochondrial haplotypes of the honey bees from an apiary where the Japan haplotype was detected were also determined, but no significant relationship was observed in the parasite-host haplotype distribution.
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