This study investigates the effects of variation in “congeniality” of news on Facebook user engagement (likes, shares, and comments). We compile an original data set of Facebook posts by 84 German ...news outlets on politicians that were investigated for criminal offenses from January 2012 to June 2017. We also construct an index of each outlet’s media slant by comparing the language of the outlet with that of the main political parties, which allows us to measure the congeniality of the posts. We find evidence that users engaged with congenial posts more than with uncongenial ones, especially in terms of likes. The within-outlet, within-topic design allows us to infer that the greater engagement with congenial news is likely driven by psychological and social factors, rather than a desire for accurate or otherwise instrumental information.
The creation of jobs in the low-pay sector is considered to be an approach to reduce unemployment, especially with respect to low-skilled workers. By now, the expansion of the German low-wage sector ...over the last 15 years is empirically confirmed, which indicates a successful implementation of corresponding recommendations from policy advisers. In order to evaluate the effects of an increasing low-wage sector on unemployment, the concept of the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) is used. In a first step, the unobservable, exogenous NAIRU is estimated for Germany in a state space setting. In a second step, data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) is used to calculate a time series of the extent of the low-pay sector. Finally, by treating the NAIRU as the dependent variable, the impact of the low-wage share is estimated within an error correction framework. According to the proponents of the low-pay expansion, there should be a negative relationship between the NAIRU and the share of the low-wage sector. This hypothesis is rejected empirically. Indeed, for the time after the German reunification, cointegration is found between both variables suggesting a slightly positive relationship.
The creation of jobs in the low-pay sector is considered to be an approach to reduce unemployment, especially with respect to low-skilled workers. By now, the expansion of the German low-wage sector ...over the last 15 years is empirically confirmed, which indicates a successful implementation of corresponding recommendations from policy advisers. In order to evaluate the effects of an increasing low-wage sector on unemployment, the concept of the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) is used. In a first step, the unobservable, exogenous NAIRU is estimated for Germany in a state space setting. In a second step, data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) is used to calculate a time series of the extent of the low-pay sector. Finally, by treating the NAIRU as the dependent variable, the impact of the low-wage share is estimated within an error correction framework. According to the proponents of the low-pay expansion, there should be a negative relationship between the NAIRU and the share of the low-wage sector. This hypothesis is rejected empirically. Indeed, for the time after the German reunification, cointegration is found between both variables suggesting a slightly positive relationship.
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Low-pay work has been increasing in prevalence in many industrial countries. Following standard wage/price-setting theory, this increase should reduce structural unemployment, because labour market ...flexibility increases and labour costs decrease. However, a Keynesian perspective challenges this claim, if the associated increase in investment demand does not sufficiently compensate for the negative effects on consumption. This research empirically investigates the theoretically uncertain impact of the relationship between the extensiveness of the low-pay sector and structural unemployment. Data from Germany, where the expansion of the low-pay sector has been declared the goal of the labour market policy, during the period from 1991 to 2008, indicate a positive impact of the growing low-wage sector on structural unemployment. Moreover, some indications suggest an opposite direction of causality, such that changes in the level of structural unemployment affect the share of low-wage earners. This effect is asymmetrical with respect to positive and negative changes, which seems to reflect downward wage rigidity, as caused by labour market institutions.
Recent advances in writer identification push the limits by using increasingly complex methods relying on sophisticated preprocessing, or the combination of already complex descriptors. In this ...paper, we pursue a simpler and faster approach to writer identification, introducing novel
descriptors computed from the geometrical arrangement of interest points at different scales. They capture orientation distributions and geometrical relationships of script parts such as strokes, junctions, endings, and loops. Thus, we avoid a fixed set of character appearances as in standard
codebook-based methods. The proposed descriptors significantly cut down processing time compared to existing methods, are simple and efficient, and can be applied out-of-the-box to an unseen dataset. Evaluations on widely-used datasets show their potential when applied by themselves, and in
combination with other descriptors. Limitations of our method relate to the amount of data needed to obtain reliable models.
