Interprofessional (IP) clinical training experiences for nurse practitioner (NP) students are on the rise. Faculty interaction with students during clinical rotations varies. Therefore, students must ...be prepared to use self-directed learning (SDL) to maximize learning.
Using an SDL framework, this project prepared NP students for working with IP preceptors. A didactic presentation provided students with content on a typical clinical trajectory and common pitfalls. Subsequently, an innovative simulation experience allowed students to apply information, negotiate learning objectives, and discuss their professional role with an actor playing a physician preceptor.
Students prepared learning objectives to discuss with their preceptors. Students felt prepared to discuss their professional role and learning trajectory. Preceptors thought students were prepared for clinical rotations and ready to discuss their professional role and learning objectives.
Innovative use of simulation increases NP students' ability to self-direct clinical experiences and better prepares them for working with IP preceptors. J Nurs Educ. 2019;58(2):102-106..
The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs Carter, Nancy M; Gartner, William B; Shaver, Kelly G ...
Journal of business venturing,
2003, 2003-1-00, 20030101, Letnik:
18, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper explores the reasons that nascent entrepreneurs offered for their work and career choices and compares those responses to the reasons given by a group of nonentrepreneurs. Six separate ...factors accounted for 68% of the variance: self-realization, financial success, roles, innovation, recognition, and independence. The factor scores of nascent entrepreneurs and nonentrepreneurs were not significantly different on self-realization, financial success, innovation, and independence. Nascent entrepreneurs rated reasons concerning roles and recognition significantly lower than nonentrepreneurs. Finally, gender differences in reasons also emerged; male nascent entrepreneurs and nonentrepreneurs rated financial success and innovation higher than did females, regardless of their group of origin.
This article discusses the questions and issues that prompted the founding of the Diana Project, a multi-university research program aimed at identifying factors that support and enable high growth ...in women-led ventures. Despite the fact that women business owners comprise a significant portion of the economy, women face challenges in acquiring the resources needed to expand their businesses. This article details both the myths and realities associated with women's entrepreneurship in their quest for growth. In particular, we examine the strategies that women entrepreneurs use to position their firms for growth, especially those strategies related to growth capital. Our results show that women seeking venture capital (VC) have degrees, graduate degrees, and experience that should not preclude them from obtaining financing. We also found that even though women-led businesses are frequently clustered in industries less attractive to financiers, women seeking equity funding are in the appropriate industries. Further, women spend a considerable amount of time using both formal and informal networks in their search for capital and in seeking capital. Because of the importance of the VC industry as a provider of growth capital and its reliance on its network for investment referrals, we also examined the participation and role of women as decision-makers in industry. Women's participation in the VC industry has not kept pace with industry growth, and women have exited the industry at a faster rate than men, thus creating a significant barrier for women entrepreneurs in that it is less likely that their networks will overlap with the financial supplier networks, despite any effort they may expend networking and seeking capital.
Purpose
– In this paper, the authors aim to develop a framework that provides a holistic approach to the assessment of entrepreneurial performance outcomes (EPOs) incorporating the multitude of ...factors (such as entrepreneurial goals and cultural norms) that research suggests can impact the entrepreneurial process.
Design/methodology/approach
– In developing the suggested framework, the authors draw on both the existing literature and the findings provided in the five papers selected for this special issue.
Findings
– The framework the authors advance suggests that the satisfaction male and female entrepreneurs derive from their ventures is principally determined by a combination of the goals they set for their business and the outcomes/outputs achieved. There is also some evidence to suggest that, other things equal, females may experience higher levels of satisfaction with their ventures than males. Other key issues the authors have incorporated into the framework that are important to a better understanding of the entrepreneurial process include the resources the entrepreneur has available (human, financial and social); various external environmental factors (for example, government support programmes); and gender (for example, to the extent that women are more risk averse than men they may set more modest goals for their ventures).
Originality/value
– The holistic framework the authors present for assessing (and better understanding) the entrepreneurial process should help direct/focus: future research concerned with assessing, evaluating and understanding EPOs; government policies designed to promote entrepreneurial initiatives; and those providing advice to the sector.
The number of women entrepreneurs is rising rapidly and many are creating substantial businesses. For most women-led ventures, growth is funded by personal investment and debt, although a small ...percentage draw on private equity investment to fuel high growth. Of those that seek growth, not only do they face higher obstacles in obtaining capital, but little is known about ways they position ventures for growth. This paper addresses the question: 'How do women develop financing strategies to prove the business concept, meet early stage milestones, and demonstrate to external investors the value and potential of their businesses?' Data are drawn from phone interviews with 88 US female entrepreneurs seeking an equity investment to grow their businesses. The analysis examines the correspondence between bootstrapping and stage of business development. Results show significant differences in the use of bootstrap options utilized by women-led ventures depending on stage of business development. Companies that have not achieved sales were more likely to emphasize bootstrapping to reduce labour, while those companies with greater sales were more likely to minimize cost of operations. Implications for future research and education are suggested.
It is with great pleasure that, as guest co-editors, we bring you this special issue of the International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship (IJGE) based on a selection of papers presented at the ...6th Diana International Conference. We are fortunate that the papers included in this special issue cover research undertaken in both developed (Australia, Canada and the UK) and developing countries (China and Vietnam) using a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods (including in-depth interviews). Further, the sample selection processes involved in the studies was extremely varied. Two studies included both male and female subjects (one with entrepreneurs and the other with students). One study involved both female entrepreneurs and female non-entrepreneurs. The remaining two studies included only female entrepreneurs; with one of these studies restricted to females who had started their ventures at age 50 or older. This diversity of approaches and sample characteristics ensures that a breadth of gendered entrepreneurial experience is captured within the special issue. It also signals that research into gender and entrepreneurship has reached a point in its developmental timeline where a variety of methodologies and frameworks are both utilised and valued as a means of enriching our understanding of the phenomenon (from the small scale in-depth narrative perspectives possible via qualitative investigations through to samples of significant size being interrogated via quantitative processes). We believe the issues investigated in these studies, and the insights they provide, will help to substantially advance our understanding with respect to assessing entrepreneurial performance outcomes (EPOs). From what we have learned from the five papers selected for this special issue, and the available literature, we have formulated an over-arching
framework that can be used to provide a holistic understanding and assessment of EPOs. At its core, the framework we advance suggests that to properly assess EPOs we need to understand and assess: the various goals an owner can have when starting a new venture; the factors that can potentially impact venture outcomes; and the owners overall satisfaction with those outcomes. Interestingly, while the literature draws a clear distinction between necessity, opportunity and lifestyle entrepreneurs, the Logan (2014) study highlights a fourth group of entrepreneurs; those driven to start a new venture to achieve personal fulfilment (to make a difference). This suggests that we could view the goals for entrepreneurship as lying on some form of continuum, akin to Maslows (1943) hierarchy of needs. At one end we have the necessity entrepreneurs who are trying to satisfy basic physiological needs, such as providing food and shelter for their families. At the other end of the scale we have individuals who enter entrepreneurship to satisfy much higher level needs; for example, to make a difference to society (to achieve self-actualisation). Lifestyle and opportunity driven entrepreneurs would fall somewhere between these two ends of the continuum. Lifestyle entrepreneurs who are trying to achieve a balance between work and family may represent Maslows love/affection/belongingness needs, while opportunity driven entrepreneurs may be motivated by the need to demonstrate strength, competence, mastery, self-confidence, independence, self-respect and freedom; which Maslow categorized as self-esteem needs. There are a number of implications that follow from this special issue. First, in terms of research, the framework we propose supports the argument advanced by Lewis (2008, p. 67) that to gain a proper understanding of SME
performance outcomes there needs to be a focus on the person that equals or supersedes the focus on the firm. Second, with respect to policy makers, it is clear that government policies (for example, to stimulate SME growth) need to be designed having a proper understanding of the various: motives/goals that SME owners have; and external environmental factors that can impact the decision to start a new venture and the outcomes achieved. Finally, for anyone involved in providing advice to the SME sector it is important that, before providing that advice, they ensure they have a clear understanding of the owners goals. We trust that the holistic EPO assessment framework we have provided will help direct future research in the area and we welcome comments and further development of our framework.
A diverse nursing workforce is key to addressing health disparities and moving the United States towards health equity. Building and sustaining a diverse nursing work force requires close attention ...to admissions, including interviews. Bias in nursing school interviews has been documented, particularly impacting applicants from historically excluded groups (especially racial and ethnic minorities). With the pivot to remote interviews due to Covid 19, faculty and schools now need to consider bias in remote interviews. This article describes the implementation and outcomes of a faculty training to identify and mitigate bias in remote interviews.
•Remote admissions interviews offer opportunities and challenges to building diversity in advanced practice nursing programs.•A nurse practitioner program piloted a strategy to reduce bias in virtual admissions.•More research is needed to support diversity and build equity in educational programs.
Reproductive health is a central component of nurse practitioner education. Training opportunities in reproductive health have been limited by multiple factors. This article reviews the background on ...women’s reproductive health assessment and the outcomes of an intensive workshop to give students opportunity to demonstrate competence in sexual health history taking, pelvic examination skills, and clinical analysis of common reproductive health concerns. Students overwhelmingly reported that the workshop increased their competence and confidence in reproductive health skills. This reproducible workshop fits well into the emergence of competency-based nurse practitioner education.
The purpose of this study was to explore whether certain cognitive factors of potential entrepreneurs (as measured by a personal efficacy scale and the kinds of reasons people offer for their ...decision to undertake efforts to start a business) can be used to predict their subsequent persistence in business start-up activities and in new venture creation success. Two hypotheses were tested:
1.
H1: Potential entrepreneurs who offer internal and stable explanations for their plans for getting into business (e.g., “I have always wanted to own my own business”) should be more likely to persist in actions that lead to successfully starting a business.
2.
H2: Potential entrepreneurs with high personal efficacy scores should be more likely to persist in actions that lead to successfully starting a business.
The beginning pool of subjects for this research consisted of 142 consecutive preventure clients (47 women, 95 men) of a Small Business Development Center between October 1990 and February 1991. As part of their initial consultation, these individuals were asked to explain their decision to enter business. These responses were coded on the basis of a detailed procedure derived from the attributional model (Weiner 1985). Potential entrepreneurs also responded to a locus-of-control questionnaire: Paulhus (1983) Spheres of Control Scale. In February 1992, all 142 people were sent a follow-up questionnaire designed to assess the extent of their new venture development activity in the intervening year. Responses from 85 individuals were available for this analysis.
The follow-up questionnaire listed 29 separate activities involved in starting a business. These activities were grouped into five major categories: gathering market information, estimating potential profits, finishing the groundwork for the company, structuring the company, and setting up business operations. The measure of success at getting into business was operationalized by the question: “Have you completed the first sale (defined as having delivered the product or service and collected the payment from your customer)?”
An analysis of the results found that HI (internal/stable attributions, e.g., “I have always wanted to be my own boss”) was supported for female potential entrepreneurs, whereas external/stable attributions (e.g., “I had identified a market need”) were significant for male potential entrepreneurs. SIC code classifications revealed no significant differences in the sorts of businesses being contemplated by women and men. H2 (personal efficacy) was not supported.
Those activities that focused on setting up business operations (e.g., purchasing materials, hiring employees, producing the product/service, distributing the product) distinguished potential entrepreneurs who had started businesses from those who had not.
We believe that one of the important features of this research is the use of a longitudinal research design. By measuring attributions before these potential entrepreneurs had started (or not started) their businesses, we can make stronger claims for a causal relationship between initial attributions and each individual's subsequent success or failure in business start-up. Given all of the events and activities that occur between an individual's attributions for getting into business and the actual start-up, the attributional findings about male and female potential entrepreneurs have important implications for future research and practice. Men and women do have different reasons for getting into business that appear to be significant indicators of their future ability to start a business successfully. We believe that the development of measures focusing on details of the attributional model (i.e., perceptions of skills, abilities, the difficulty of the task, luck, and the value of the opportunity) will likely lead to a more comprehensive and accurate conception of the factors that influence entrepreneurial persistence. We offer some suggestions for how the use of an attributional model might influence the selection, counseling, and training of potential entrepreneurs.
