ObjectiveTo assess the online availability and e-marketing strategies of herbal smoking products (HSPs).MethodologyGoogle, Yahoo and Bing were searched using relevant keywords related to HSPs. The ...first 50 records were retrieved and duplicates were removed. Two trained and calibrated authors screened the records according to the eligibility criteria and extracted data from each selected retail-webpage as per the pre-tested data extraction form.ResultsOut of the initial 1044 records obtained, 73 retail webpages were finally included. Most of the webpages about HSPs hailed from India followed by the USA. The results showed 24 brands with about 189 flavour variants that are readily available online to all age groups including minors, with price per pack (20 sticks) of herbal cigarettes ranging from INR (₹) 51 to 1830 (median 588). There are no regulations regarding the sale and marketing of HSPs concerning age restrictions and display of health warnings.ConclusionHSPs are readily available online at affordable prices and attractive variants for customers of all ages. The flavour appeal and the health benefit appeal is being used to target minors and young women. There is an urgent need for some regulations on the sale and e-marketing of such products that have an enormous potential to be used as a gateway to tobacco smoking.
Mandibular fractures in children are rare and different from adults in terms of etiology, epidemiology, treatment considerations and associated complications. Thick adipose tissue, elasticity of the ...bone and protective nature of the parents have a protective influence on the prevalence of mandibular fractures in pediatric age group. However, lack of education may be a factor influencing the etiology of such injuries as shown in the present case.
The present case report describes a rare case of mandibular fracture inflicted unintentionally by his mother in an 18 month old child during drinking of water directly from the tap in his mouth. The fracture was treated conservatively using custom-made cap splint and circum-mandibular wiring.
The purpose of this case report is to motivate pediatric dentists that parents coming to them for treatment of their children should not only be educated regarding the care of teeth and gums, but should take care of the oral cavity as a whole. Also, through this paper it is stressed that supervision of the growing child is utmost important to avoid such injuries.
Objectives
This study aims to assess the impact of raising the price of sugar and/or sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) on caries incidence in the Indian population.
Methods
A tooth‐level ...decision‐analytic model was developed to evaluate a change in caries increment after increasing the price of Sugar and SSBs. The transition of a tooth from a caries‐free state to the state of tooth loss in both scenarios was modelled with the help of a Markov model for a time horizon of 63 years, ranging from 2021 to 2083 for the 12‐year‐old population cohort of India. A conceptual framework was designed to implicate the possible effects of an increase in sugar prices on the reduction of caries incidence. Health effects were estimated in terms of the number of carious lesions and tooth‐loss in both the scenarios and modelled as a product of the dose‐response relationship between sugar intake and caries incidence. The model was thus used to establish the number of caries lesions prevented, and tooth‐loss avoided. Uncertainties in the parameters were assessed using probabilistic sensitivity analysis. The Monte Carlo method was used for simulating the results 999 times.
Results
A 20% rise in the price of sugar is expected to result in the prevention of an average of 1.32 teeth in a lifetime of an individual and prevent 27.96 million tooth‐loss incidents among the population cohort of India that will eventually lead to a saving of INR (₹) 3116.32 billion (US$ 42.69 billion) on account of dental caries treatment. Similarly, increasing‐price of SSBs by 20% will lead to a 0.86% reduction in carious teeth incidence in an individual's lifetime.
Conclusion
Increasing the cost of sugar and/or SSBs will reduce the daily intake of sugar, which will reduce caries incidence and subsequent progression, thereby preventing caries‐attributed tooth‐loss and saving treatment costs.
Background
Platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) is a second‐generation platelet concentrate with multiple applications in wound healing and regeneration in both periodontitis and diabetes. However, the three ...dimensional (3‐D) structure and cytokine content of PRF might be altered in patients suffering from either/both of the chronic inflammatory conditions, ultimately influencing the efficacy of PRF as a biomaterial for regenerative medicine.
Aim
The aim of the present study was hence to evaluate the effect of both these chronic inflammatory diseases on the 3‐D structure of PRF membrane. An attempt was also made to compare the growth factor content between the plasma and RBC ends of the prepared PRF gel.
Materials & Methods
L‐PRF was prepared for twenty participants, healthy (5), periodontitis (5), T2DM (5) and T2DM with periodontitis (5). Porosity and fiber diameter of PRF membranes was visualized under FE‐SEM and measured using ImageJ Software. PDGF‐BB and TGF‐β1 levels in PRF gel were assessed by ELISA.
Results
The average diameter of fibrin fibers under FE‐SEM was 0.15 to 0.30 micrometers. Porosity was higher at the plasma end (p = 0.042). Red blood cell (RBC) end of the membrane had thinner fibers arranged in a comparatively more dense and compact structure with smaller porosities. Healthy subjects had the least porous PRF compared to subjects with either/both of the chronic conditions. PDGF‐BB levels were similar along all the four groups. TGF‐β1 levels were highest in healthy subjects.
Discussion
3‐D structure and growth factor content of PRF are influenced by a person's periodontal and/or diabetic status. The RBC end of the PRF membrane, as compared to the plasma end, has thinner fibers arranged in a comparatively more dense and compact structure with smaller porosities, and hence should be favored during periodontal regenerative procedures.
Conclusion
Both periodontitis and diabetes have a significant influence on the 3‐D structure and growth factor content of PRF produced.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine (dex) as an adjunct to propofol sedation in pediatric dental patients.
This RCT enrolled 30 anxious ASA-I 2-5 year olds. Allocated into 2 groups ...either receiving IV propofol (1 mg/kg)(Gp-P) or IV dex (1ug/kg) with propofol(1 mg/kg) (Gp-D) after oral midazolam premedication (0.5 mg/kg). Sedation maintained with propofol infusion at 50-75ug/kg/min. Additional bolus/es of propofol (1mg/kg) was/were administered in case of inadequate sedation. Primary outcome was to compare requirement of propofol in two groups. Secondary outcomes were to compare vital signs, depth of sedation, induction, treatment and recovery time, intra & post-operative complications and analgesic requirement post-operatively.
Total propofol (in mgs) used and number of additional boluses were significantly higher in group P (p<0.05). Although within normal limits, heart rate was significantly lower in group D. Respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, NIBP were comparable. Depth of sedation achieved was comparable at all steps (p>0.05). Induction time (mins) was significantly lower in Group P (p<0.05), however treatment and recovery time were similar (p>0.05). Desaturation was observed in 3/15(group P) & 0/15(group D). Analgesic requirement post-operatively was significantly higher in group P (p<0.05).
Dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective adjunct to propofol.
Introduction
Contemporary methods of teaching oral hygiene for the removal of dental plaque are not beneficial for visually impaired children, who depend on tactile sensations and hearing for ...learning. The present study was conducted to educate and motivate visually impaired children to maintain their oral health using specially designed methods that are easy for these children to understand. Additionally, the study evaluated the effectiveness of these methods over a 6‐month period.
Methodology
The investigation was done on 148 visually impaired children who were residents of two institutes for the visually impaired. The efficacy of a specially designed oral health education programme and two different motivational techniques utilising tactile (Group I: braille + plastic models) or auditory sensations (Group II: audio story + JAWS®, i.e. Job Access With Speech) was evaluated over 6 months based on the children's plaque and gingival scores.
Results
Significant improvement in mean plaque and gingival scores was evident in both the groups at the 6‐month evaluation, validating the effectiveness of both the programmes. In Group I, the mean plaque score decreased from 1.34 ± 0.29 at baseline to 1.09 ± 0.26 at 3 months, with a further decrease to 1.04 ± 0.31 at 6 months post‐implementation (P < 0.01). The mean plaque score in Group II decreased from 1.24 ± 0.47 at baseline to 1.15 ± 0.15 at 3 months (P = 0.12), and further to 1.10 ± 0.17 at 6 months (P < 0.01) post‐implementation of the educational programme. At baseline, 87.8% of the children in Group I had moderate gingivitis, whereas 52.7% of the children in Group II belonged to the mild category. At the end of 6 months, 52.7% of the children in Group I were in the mild category, and 62.2% children in Group II were in the moderate category.
Conclusion
Tactile and auditory measures were found to be effective in educating and motivating visually impaired children regarding maintenance of oral hygiene.
The purpose of this clinical trial was to comparatively evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of unilateral and bilateral mental incisive nerve block (MINB) during the endodontic treatment of inflamed ...mandibular incisors.
The study was designed as a crossover single-blind study. A total of 76 patients requiring endodontic intervention in at least 2 mandibular incisors participated in this trial. The patients randomly received unilateral or bilateral MINB of 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine at 2 separate appointments. To blind the procedure, a saline injection was given on the contralateral side in the unilateral injections. The endodontic procedure was initiated in the incisors on the side of the first anesthetic injection. Patients with a negative response to electric testing received endodontic access opening under rubber dam. Patients were asked to report pain, if any, during the endodontic procedure by using a Heft-Parker visual analog scale. The anesthetic success was defined as no or mild pain on Heft-Parker visual analog scale (score, 0–54). The statistical analysis was performed with McNemar tests at P values <.05.
The success rates of unilateral MINB and bilateral MINB were 38% and 64%, respectively, for the central incisors and 44% and 69%, respectively, for the lateral incisors. The difference was statistically significant (P < .05).
The bilateral MINB was more successful during the endodontic management of mandibular incisors with inflamed pulps. However, both the techniques failed to give 100% success rates.
Central odontogenic fibroma (COF) is a rarely benign tumor with an incidence of only 0.1% among all odontogenic tumors, which commonly involve the mandible.
A 9-year-old child reported with ...asymptomatic bony expansion of the mandible, showing an unilocular radiolucency on an orthopantomogram. The tumor was managed surgically by enucleation, and the surgical stent was placed, which was later modified as a removable functional space maintainer. The patient was followed up for 24 months with the complete healing of periapical radiolucency and the eruption of displaced permanent tooth to the proper position.
This case report discusses the importance of the dentist in assessing and diagnosing COF, especially in the pediatric age group.
Brachman de Lange syndrome Verma, Leena; Passi, Sidhi; Gauba, Krishan
Contemporary clinical dentistry,
10/2010, Letnik:
1, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Brachman de Lange syndrome or Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disorder which can lead to severe developmental anomalies. It affects both the physical and intellectual development of a ...child. It is characterized by skeletal, craniofacial deformities, gastrointestinal and cardiac malformations. This syndrome is of rare occurrence and affects between 1/10,000 and 1/60,000 neonates. Diagnosis is based on the characteristic phenotype, in particular, a striking facial appearance, prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, various skeletal abnormalities, hypertrichosis, and developmental delay. Here, we present the case of a 13-year-old patient, with micrognathia, delayed eruption, multiple carious teeth, missing teeth and periodontal problems together, which had never been reported before. The father was also found to have the same missing teeth as the girl child.
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