Post-intensive care syndrome: An overview Rawal, Gautam; Yadav, Sankalp; Kumar, Raj
Journal of translational internal medicine,
06/2017, Letnik:
5, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Survival of critically unwell patients has improved in the last decade due to advances in critical care medicine. Some of these survivors develop cognitive, psychiatric and /or physical disability ...after treatment in intensive care unit (ICU), which is now recognized as post intensive care syndrome (PICS). Given the limited awareness about PICS in the medical faculty this aspect is often overlooked which may lead to reduced quality of life and cause a lot of suffering of these patients and their families. Efforts should be directed towards preventing PICS by minimizing sedation and early mobilization during ICU.All critical care survivors should be evaluated for PICS and those having signs and symptoms of it should be managed by a multidisciplinary team which includes critical care physician, neuro-psychiatrist, physiotherapist and respiratory therapist, with the use of pharmacological and non-apharmacological interventions. This can be achieved through an organizational change and improvement, knowing the high rate of incidence of PICS and its adverse effects on the survivor’s life and daily activities and its effect on the survivor’s family.
The escalating rate of cancer cases, together with treatment deficiencies and long-term side effects of currently used cancer drugs, has made this disease a global burden of the 21st century. The ...number of breast and lung cancer patients has sharply increased worldwide in the last few years. Presently, surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy strategies are used to cure cancer, which cause severe side effects, toxicities, and drug resistance. In recent years, anti-cancer peptides have become an eminent therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment due to their high specificity and fewer side effects and toxicity. This review presents an updated overview of different anti-cancer peptides, their mechanisms of action and current production strategies employed for their manufacture. In addition, approved and under clinical trials anti-cancer peptides and their applications have been discussed. This review provides updated information on therapeutic anti-cancer peptides that hold great promise for cancer treatment in the near future.
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•Cancer treatment is increasingly shifting from traditional therapy to molecular targeting approach.•Anti-cancer peptides are highly specific and effective for cancer treatment.•Updates on anti-cancer peptides, their mechanisms of action and production strategies.•Approved and under clinical trials anti-cancer peptides have been discussed.
Edaphic factors such as salinity, sodicity, and drought adversely affect crop productivity, either alone or in combination. Despite soil sodicity being reported as an increasing problem worldwide, ...limited efforts have been made to address this issue. In the present study, we aimed to generate rice with tolerance to sodicity in conjunction with tolerance to salinity and drought. Using a fusion gene from E. coli coding for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase (TPSP) under the control of an ABA-inducible promoter, we generated marker-free, high-yielding transgenic rice (in the IR64 background) that can tolerate high pH (~9.9), high EC (~10.0 dS m-1), and severe drought (30-35% soil moisture content). The transgenic plants retained higher relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, K+/Na+ ratio, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic efficiency compared to the wild-type under these stresses. Positive correlations between trehalose overproduction and high-yield parameters were observed under drought, saline, and sodic conditions. Metabolic profiling using GC-MS indicated that overproduction of trehalose in leaves differently modulated other metabolic switches, leading to significant changes in the levels of sugars, amino acids, and organic acids in transgenic plants under control and stress conditions. Our findings reveal a novel potential technological solution to tackle multiple stresses under changing climatic conditions.
Pickering based emulsion system are been gaining interest in active delivery of encapsulated molecules in food system. In the present study, cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) were isolated from food ...waste (banana peel) using acid hydrolysis followed by high-intensity ultrasonication. The complex colloidal nanoparticles (CNPSPH) were fabricated using hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between cellulose nanoparticles and soy protein hydrolysates. With 400 W power level for 30 min, size of 53.11 ± 1.45 nm with polydispersity index of 0.21 ± 0.21 and Zeta potential of − 34.33 ± 0.77 were noted for generated CNPs. The three-phase contact angle (o/w) of CNPSPH at a mass ratio of 1:1 CNPs to SPHs (CNPSPH 1:1) was approximately 89.07°, indicating as effective Pickering emulsifiers. Furthermore, the stability of the Pickering emulsion stabilised by CNPSPH complex was investigated under various pH and temperature conditions. The findings will provide solution in development of nanocellulose-soy protein complex particles for a stabilized Pickering emulsion formation.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life threatening condition characterized by severe hypoxemia due to pulmonary gas exchange failure and was first recognized in 1960s.Since its first ...description, it has undergone intensive research in the past few decades to understand its pathogenesis and therapies. Despite this, the recommended therapies to decrease mortality in ARDS remain limited and include low-tidal volume mechanical ventilation, prone ventilation and recently, the ECMO rescue therapy in extreme cases. This review article will summarize the key features of ARDS with a brief overview of the therapeutic options in the management of ARDS.
A highly absorbing solar thermal coating composed of an absorbing CNT layer and an antireflective AlOOH layer is fabricated by a simple and low cost spray deposition. The resulting coating shows high ...absorptance of 97.5% in the entire solar spectrum along with excellent adhesion of 95–100% and high thermal stability of 450°C for 50h. Display omitted
•New highly solar absorbing coating for solar thermal applications.•Coating is composed of carbon nanotubes and a top coat of boehmite.•Coated is applied by simple spraying.•Very high absorptance (ca. 97.5%), increased thermal stability and excellent adhesion to Al substrate.
A major component of solar thermal systems is the solar absorber, which converts light into heat. We report on achieving high absorptance, excellent adhesion, and high thermal stability of carbon nanotube-based black coatings by applying a layer of Boehmite (AlOOH) on top of the carbon nanotube (CNT) film by solution-processed spray deposition. The CNT layer made-up by spraying, functions as an absorbing layer and the AlOOH serves as an anti-reflecting and protecting film. The anti-reflecting property of AlOOH layer effectively increases the absorptance of CNT coating by decreasing the reflectance. The effect of the thickness of AlOOH layer on the absorptance, adhesion, and thermal stability of the resulting CNT/AlOOH coating was investigated. The CNT/AlOOH coating with optimized thickness of AlOOH layer shows very high absorptance (α) of 0.975. The adhesion of the coating is in the range of 95–100% with significant increase of thermal stability. This new approach is expected to open new possibilities for fabricating low-cost, highly efficient and thermally stable solar-thermal devices which are based on simple coating processes.
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In the Questioned Document, the examination of ink is crucial scientific evidence to discern the difference between genuine and forged documents. The document examination which is ...examined by physical and chemical analysis of ink involves the matching of the source of writing material used to fabricate the document of ink. In this study, fifty black ink samples (25 ball-point and 25 gel-point pens) are used. These ink samples are analyzed with Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy conjoined with chemometric method i.e. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and PLS-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The spectroscopic discrimination is determined by the absence or presence of particular peaks or bands in the fingerprint region of black ink samples. The first-order derivative graphs are used for spectral characterization of ink samples. PCA reduces the dimensionality of large datasets into small number of independent Principal Components and increases interpretability but at the same time minimizes the data information loss. The utilization of the PLS-DA algorithm gives 100 % accuracy to differentiate two classes of black ink samples. The ROC curve value of the PLS-Discrimination Analysis model is 1 which means 100 % sensitivity and specificity. This non-destructive study is an analytical approach that helped to maintain the spectral library based on spectroscopic results of all fifty samples. The adequacy of the PLS-Discrimination Analysis model is checked by running a blind test of ten unknown samples.
Globally, companies and individuals are increasingly concerned with green practices as essential in developing competitive advantages. Companies must manage their environmental practices to survive ...today’s competitive, dynamic, and turbulent environment. Considering these concerns, this study explores factors that affect consumers’ green purchase intentions (GPI). The study model was validated theoretically and empirically using surveys. The questionnaire was administered to 358 young consumers using convenience sampling. Smart PLS-Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to evaluate the model. The findings show that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control had a direct and environmental knowledge indirectly impacted the intention to make green purchases. The study provided vital insights into academic and practical viewpoints and society’s need to maintain, protect, and survive in the face of environmental challenges.The study shows that people in Ethiopia still have low levels of knowledge about the benefits of eco-friendly products. Therefore, it is incumbent upon practitioners and policymakers to make an effort to educate people on the same.
Studies about entrepreneurial marketing linked with competitive advantage and sustainability in SMEs are limited in the existing literature. This study therefore aimed to investigate the relationship ...between entrepreneurial marketing dimensions, focusing on the mediating role of competitive advantage, in ensuring the sustainability of firm performance. Descriptive research design combined with explanatory research to examine the relationships; and stratified sampling with simple random sampling techniques to select the enterprises were used. Data from 387 SMEs in Oromia, Ethiopia were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings indicated significant connections among entrepreneurial marketing practices, competitive advantage, and sustainability of firm performance, with competitive advantage partially mediating the relationships. The finding also underlined SMEs that are entrepreneurial, strategic, and socially responsible are best positioned for long-term success. Practical implications suggested aligning marketing practices with overall strategies, optimizing resource usage, and enhancing innovation to improve competitive advantage and sustain firm performance. From a social perspective, embracing sustainable practices could positively impact, employment, environmental responsibility, economic stability, and consumer perception. The study offers valuable insights for academia, policymakers, and practitioners.
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•Folate-conjugated liposomes incorporating celastrol and irinotecan were synthesized.•The formulation exhibited higher drug release profiles at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.4.•In vitro studies ...showed high uptake in folate receptor-positive breast cancer cells.•A mouse model showed effective drug targeting of tumors with minimal adverse effects.•Our formulation could provide an effective therapy for targeted cancer treatment.
Drug targeting using functionalized nanoparticles provides a new standard in anticancer therapy. Liposomes, safe and effective drug delivery carriers, can incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs for combination chemotherapy treatment of cancers. The objectives of the current study were to synthesize and test the effectiveness of a nanotechnology-based strategy utilizing folic acid (FA)-conjugated liposomes that incorporate both celastrol (Cs) and irinotecan (Ir) for targeted breast cancer therapy. Our results revealed the successful preparation of Cs and Ir-loaded folate-targeted liposomes (Lipo/Cs/Ir-FA) with a small particle size (∼190 nm) and polydispersity index (∼0.10). The formulation exhibited higher drug release profiles for both Ir and Cs at pH 5.0 compared to those at physiological pH, favoring cancer cell-targeted release. Furthermore, in vitro cell studies showed high uptake and enhanced apoptosis in folate receptor-positive breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), but not in folate receptor-negative lung cancer cells (A549). Moreover, an in vivo study in a mouse tumor model using MDA-MB-231 xenografts supported effective drug delivery behavior of the folate-conjugated liposomes by selective targeting of tumor tissue and minimizing systemic adverse effects. Therefore, our formulation could provide an effective therapy for targeted cancer treatment.
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