In this paper, an experimental setup of a desiccant dehumidification unit silica gel coated fin-tube heat exchanger is installed and investigated. In this unit, two silica gel coated heat exchangers ...(SCHE) are adopted and switched to provide continuous dehumidification capacity. Meanwhile, hot water from vacuum tube solar collector is used to regenerate silica gel. System performance is evaluated in terms of moisture removal mass and thermal COP. Influences of major parameters on system performance are tested and analyzed under Shanghai summer conditions. It is found that system performance is affected significantly by cycle time between dehumidification and regeneration, and optimal cycle time is 600 s under test conditions. For actual system, the unit can be independently used as dehumidifier with 100% fresh air under mild conditions. But when the outside humidity is too large, it can be used in combination with primary return air-conditioning to provide satisfied supply air.
•We first introduce a novel desiccant dehumidification unit.•Experiments are conducted to evaluate performance of the unit under summer conditions.•The variation rules of the unit under different conditions have been summarized and discussed.
Abstract The structure and evolution of the spiral arms of the Milky Way have long been an important yet controversial issue. The wide age range of OB-type stars, coupled with the large amount of ...high-precision astrometric data provided by Gaia DR3, presents us with an opportunity to explore this issue. After constructing overdensity maps and examining the variations of overdensities with Galactocentric distance along the Galactic azimuth, we compare the spiral structures traced by B3–B5, B6–B7, B8, and B9 stars with those of young O–B2 stars in the vicinity of the Sun. We find that as the ages of the OB tracer stars increase, the Perseus Arm traced by them gradually shifts toward the anti-Galactic center direction, and the pitch angle of the Carina Arm gradually decreases. These results will help us to understand better the evolutionary properties of nearby spiral arms.
Abstract
A novel isochronous mass spectrometry, termed as
$$B\rho $$
B
ρ
-defined IMS, has been established at the experimental cooler-storage ring CSRe in Lanzhou. Its potential has been studied ...through high precision mass measurements of
$$^{58}$$
58
Ni projectile fragments. Two time-of-flight detectors were installed in one of the straight sections of CSRe, thus enabling simultaneous measurements of the velocity and the revolution time of each stored short-lived ion. This allows for calculating the magnetic rigidity
$$B\rho $$
B
ρ
and the orbit length
C
of each ion. The accurate
$$B\rho (C)$$
B
ρ
(
C
)
function has been constructed, which is a universal calibration curve used to deduce the masses of the stored nuclides. The sensitivity to single stored ions, fast measurement time, and background-free characteristics of the method are ideally suited to address nuclides with very short lifetimes and smallest production yields. In the limiting case of just a single particle, the achieved mass resolving power allows one to determine its mass-over-charge ratio
m
/
q
with a remarkable precision of merely
$$\sim 5$$
∼
5
keV. Masses of
$$T_z=-3/2$$
T
z
=
-
3
/
2
fp
-shell nuclides are re-determined with high accuracy, and the validity of the isospin multiplet mass equation is tested up to the heaviest isospin quartet with
$$A=55$$
A
=
55
. The new masses are also used to investigate the mirror symmetry of empirical residual proton-neutron interactions.
7075 aluminum alloy weldments were processed by an intensive process known as laser shock peening (LSP), meanwhile its stress corrosion behaviors were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ...and slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests. Results showed that the effect of LSP on corrosion behavior of the joint was fairly useful and obvious. With LSP, the elongation, time of fracture and static toughness after the SSRT test were improved by 11.13%, 20% and 100%, respectively. At the same time, the location of the fracture also changed. LSP led to a transition of the fracture type from transgranular to intergranular The reasons for these enhancements of the joint on corrosion behavior were caused by microstructure, residual stress, micro-hardness, and fracture appearance.
Theory and evidence converge to suggest perfectionism is a personality construct that matters a great deal and is linked with many consequential outcomes (e.g., depression, eating disorders, suicide, ...marital problems, and procrastination). With the multidimensional perfectionism construct turning 30 years of age, our review critically examines the past and the future of this construct with a focus on the six landmark dimensions of Hewitt and Flett's (1991) and Frost et al.'s (1990) seminal models: Self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, personal standards, concerns over mistakes, and doubts about actions. Our review considers both what we understand about these dimensions given the extant empirical literature (i.e., known knowns) and areas where gaps exist in our understanding of multidimensional perfectionism and its consequences (i.e., known unknowns). Evidence suggests the core dimensions of Hewitt and Flett's (1991) and Frost et al.'s (1990) trait and attitudinal models of perfectionism, respectively, are neither captured by nor redundant with other well-established predictors. In fact, these perfectionism dimensions appear to represent core vulnerability factors that are tied intimately to the development and maintenance of a wide range of maladaptive outcomes.
La théorie et la preuve convergent pour indiquer que le perfectionnisme est un aspect très important de la personnalité qui est lié à plusieurs conséquences (par ex., dépression, troubles alimentaires, suicide, problèmes conjugaux et procrastination). À l'occasion des 30 ans de la définition de la construction multidimensionnelle du perfectionnisme, notre revue jette un regard critique sur le passé et l'avenir de cette construction, en se concentrant sur les six dimensions repères des modèles précurseurs de Hewitt et Flett (1991) et de Frost et al. (1990) : le perfectionnisme orienté vers soi, le perfectionnisme orienté vers autrui, le perfectionnisme socialement prescrit, les normes personnelles, les préoccupations relatives à ses erreurs, les doutes relatifs à ses actions. Notre revue tient compte à la fois de ce que nous comprenons de ces dimensions, vu l'étendue de la littérature empirique (les connus connus) et des domaines où notre compréhension du perfectionnisme multidimensionnel et de ses conséquences (les connus inconnus) est lacunaire. Les données indiquent que les dimensions de base des traits et des modèles comportementaux du perfectionnisme établis par Hewitt et Flett (1991) et Frost et al. (1990), respectivement, ne sont jamais relevées ni reprises par d'autres indicateurs bien établis. En fait, ces dimensions du perfectionnisme semblent représenter les facteurs de vulnérabilité de base qui sont intimement reliés au développement et au maintien d'une vaste gamme de comportements inadaptés.
Public Significance Statement
Perfectionism is a personality style consisting of six major components: Self-oriented perfectionism (requiring perfection from the self), socially prescribed perfectionism (the belief that others require perfection from the self), other-oriented perfectionism (requiring perfection from others), personal standards (setting unattainable standards), concern over mistakes, and doubts about actions. This article reviews 30 years of research showing that these perfectionism components are related to various negative psychological, interpersonal, and physical health consequences in people of all ages. Therefore, further research must be conducted to improve the prevention and treatment of perfectionism.
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is a resurgent pest of rice crops throughout Asia. We recently discovered that octopamine (OA) and OA2B2 operate in the BPH mating system, where ...it mediates a wide range of molecular, physiological and behavioural changes. Here, we report on outcomes of experiments designed to test the hypothesis that OA/OA2B2 signalling mediates responses to three abiotic stressors, starvation, high temperature (37 °C), and induced oxidative stress. We found per os RNAi‐mediated OA2B2 silencing led to significantly decreased survival, measured in days, following exposure to each of these stressors. We selected a biologically costly process, reproductive biology, as a biotic stressor. Silencing of OA2B2 led to decreased total protein content in ovaries and fat bodies, downregulated expression of vitellogenin (Vg) and Vg receptor (VgR), inhibited fat body Vg protein synthesis, shortened the oviposition period, prolonged the preoviposition period, reduced the number of laid eggs, body weight and female longevity. In addition, the silencing treatments also led to inhibited ovarian development, and ovarian Vg uptake, reduced numbers of egg masses and offspring and lower hatching rates and population growth index. These data support our hypothesis that OA2B2 acts in mediating BPH resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors.
Starvation, high temperatures and oxidative stress‐induced OA2B2 expression in BPH.
Depletion of OA2B2 by RNAi reduced BPH stress resistance under abiotic stresses.
RNAi‐mediated OA2B2 led to reduced number of eggs laid, number of offspring.
The difficulty in proliferation and availability and the rapid loss functions of primary human hepatocytes highlight the need to develop an alternative, preferably renewable source of human induced ...hepatocytes in regenerative medicine. Liver organoids generated on a multiple-cell microenvironment in a 3-dimensional (3D) system can provide a highly efficient solution to this issue.
Human hepatocytes were induced from fibroblasts by the lentiviral expression of FOXA3, HNF1A, and HNF4A. Together with these induced hepatocytes, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells in a 3D system were used to produce liver organoids. Liver-related gene and protein expression of liver organoids and induced hepatocytes were tested using a 2-dimensional (2D) system.
Liver organoids notably increased the expression of hepatic transcription factors, marker genes, transporter genes, and liver metabolism enzyme genes, while it decreased the specific gene expression of fibroblasts. Liver organoids expressed comparable liver-specific proteins, such as ALB, AAT, and HNF4A in the 3D system.
Direct reprogramming in multiple-cell microenvironments in 3D systems is more controllable and efficient than cell reprogramming in 2D systems. Liver organoids have the potential for use in disease modeling, pharmaceutical applications, and cellular transplantation.
•The proportion of cells in liver organoids was identified.•The advantages of hiHeps in 3D systems were compared to those in 2D systems.•Direct cell reprogramming in multiple-cell microenvironments with 3D systems was demonstrated.
The global climate system experienced a series of drastic changes during the Cenozoic. In Asia, these include the climate transformation from a zonal pattern to a monsoon-dominated pattern, the ...disappearance of typical subtropical aridity, and the onset of inland deserts. Despite major advances in the last two decades in characterizing and understanding these climate phenomena, disagreements persist relative to the timing, behaviors and underlying causes. This paper addresses these issues mainly based on two lines of evidence. First, we compiled newly collected data from geological indicators of the Cenozoic environment in China as paleoenvironmental maps of ten intervals. In confirming the earlier observation that a zonal climate pattern was transformed into a monsoonal one, the maps within the Miocene indicate that this change was achieved by the early Miocene, roughly consistent with the onset of loess deposition in China. Although a monsoon-like regime would have existed in the Eocene, it was restricted to tropical-subtropical regions. The latitudinal oscillations of the climate zones during the Paleogene are likely attributable to the imbalance in evolution of polar ice-sheets between the two hemispheres. Secondly, we examine the relevant depositional and soil forming processes of the Miocene loess-soil sequences to determine the circulation characteristics with emphasis on the early Miocene. Continuous eolian deposition in the middle reaches of the Yellow River since the early Miocene firmly indicates the formation of inland deserts, which have been constantly maintained during the past 22 Ma. Grain-size gradients between loess sections indicate northerly dust-carrying winds from northern sources, a clear indication of an Asian winter monsoon system. Meanwhile, well-developed Luvisols show evidence that moisture from the oceans reached northern China. This evidence shows the coexistence of two kinds of circulations, one from the ocean carrying moisture and another from the inland deserts transporting dust. The formation of the early Miocene paleosols resulted from interactive soil forming and dust deposition processes in these two seasonally alternating monsoonal circulations. The much stronger development of the early Miocene soils compared to those in the Quaternary loess indicates that summer monsoons were either significantly stronger, more persistent through the year, or both. These lines of evidence indicate a joint change in circulation and inland aridity by the early Miocene and suggest a dynamic linkage of them. Our recent sensitivity tests with a general circulation model, along with relevant geological data, suggest that the onset of these contrasting wet/dry responses, as well as the change from the "planetary" subtropical aridity pattern to the "inland" aridity pattern, resulted from the combined effects of Tibetan uplift and withdrawal of the Paratethys seaway in central Asia, as suggested by earlier experiments. The spreading of South China Sea also helped to enhance the south-north contrast of humidity. The Miocene loess record provides a vital insight that these tectonic factors had evolved by the early Miocene to a threshold sufficient to cause this major climate reorganization in Asia.
Rotary desiccant wheel cooling system operates on the principle of adsorption dehumidification and evaporative cooling. The system adopts natural substance as working fluid and can be driven by low ...grade thermal energy such as solar energy. Due to these merits, solar powered rotary desiccant wheel cooling system has recognized as one of good alternatives to conventional vapor compression air conditioning system and has obtained increasing interests in the past years. This paper aims to summarize recent research developments related to solar powered rotary desiccant wheel cooling system and to provide information for potential application. Based on whether auxiliary refrigeration system is adopted, the systems are divided in to two categories: separate solar powered rotary desiccant wheel cooling systems and hybrid solar powered rotary desiccant wheel cooling systems. Within the first category, separate solar powered rotary desiccant wheel cooling systems are reviewed according to different types of solar collector. It can be found that these researches mainly focus on feasibility study of such system under different climates. Results show that separate solar powered rotary desiccant wheel cooling systems can be adopted in several representative cities in Europe, Asia, Australia and Africa. However, system performance in terms of solar fraction and thermal coefficient of performance varies greatly with respect to different operation conditions. For the second category, works related to hybrid solar powered rotary desiccant wheel cooling systems are grouped by types of auxiliary refrigeration systems. It can be found that vapor compression system is widely adopted in these hybrid systems. Also, due to both solar energy and electricity are consumed in hybrid systems, primary energy consumption is an important performance index. Results show that hybrid solar powered rotary desiccant wheel cooling system can obtain significant energy saving compared with conventional vapor compression system.
A
bstract
Using 24.1 fb
−
1
of
e
+
e
−
collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the Born cross sections and effective form factors of the
e
+
e
−
→
Σ
+
Σ
¯
−
reaction ...are measured. The measurements are performed at center-of-mass energies ranging from 3.510 to 4.951 GeV. No significant evidence for the decay of the charmonium(-like) states,
ψ
(3770),
ψ
(4040),
ψ
(4160),
Y
(4230),
Y
(4360),
ψ
(4415), and
Y
(4660), into a
Σ
+
Σ
¯
−
final state is observed. Consequently, upper limits for the products of the branching fractions and the electronic partial widths at the 90% confidence level are reported for these decays.
PDF
