Background
The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) has increased worldwide in recent decades. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of self‐reported AR and profiles of AR‐related ...comorbidities in the adult population of China over time.
Methods
This study surveyed residents of 18 major cities in mainland China. Telephone interviews were conducted with study participants after sampling target telephone numbers by random digit dialing. The questions asked during telephone interviews were based on those included in validated questionnaires and focused on topics regarding AR, nonallergic rhinitis (NAR), acute/chronic rhinosinusitis (ARS/CRS), asthma, and atopic dermatitis (AD).
Results
During 2011, a total of 47 216 telephone interviews were conducted, and the overall response rate was 77.5%. When compared with the AR prevalence in 11 cities surveyed in 2005, there was a significant increase in self‐reported adult AR in eight of those cities (P < 0.01). In 2011, the standardized prevalence of self‐reported adult AR in the 18 cities was 17.6%. The concentration of SO2 was positively correlated with the prevalence of AR (r = 0.504, P = 0.033). A multiple regression model showed that the absolute change in household yearly income was significantly associated with the change in the prevalence of AR (R2 = 0.68), after adjusting for PM10, SO2, NO2, temperature, and humidity. The overall prevalences of NAR, ARS, CRS, asthma, and AD in the general population were 16.4%, 5.4%, 2.1%, 5.8%, and 14%, respectively.
Conclusion
During a 6‐year period, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of self‐reported AR in the general Chinese adult population. The incidence of AR being accompanied by rhinosinusitis, asthma, or AD was significantly higher among individuals having self‐reported AR compared with the general population.
Twenty‐three published proxy temperature series over China spanning the last 2000 years were selected for an uncertainty analysis in five climate regions. Results indicated that, although large ...uncertainties are found for the period prior to the 16th century, high level of consistency were identified in all regions during the recent 500‐years, highlighted by the two cold periods 1620s–1710s and 1800s–1860s, and the warming during the 20th century. The latter started in Tibet, Northwest and Northeast, and migrated to Central East and Southeast. The analysis also indicates that the warming during the 10–14th centuries in some regions might be comparable in magnitude to the warming of the last few decades of the 20th century which was unprecedented within the past 500 years.
Emergence of new types of services has led to various traffic and diverse delay requirements in fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. Meeting diverse delay requirements is one of the most critical ...goals for the design of 5G wireless networks. Though the delay of point-to-point communications has been well investigated, the delay of multi-point to multi-point communications has not been thoroughly studied, since it is a complicated function of all links in the network. In this paper, we propose a novel tractable approach to analyze the delay in the heterogeneous cellular networks with spatio-temporal random arrival of traffic. Specifically, we propose the notion of delay outage and evaluate the effect of different scheduling policies on the delay performance. Our numerical analysis reveals that offloading policy based on the cell range expansion greatly reduces the macrocell traffic, while bringing a small amount of growth for the picocell traffic. Our results also show that the delay performance of round-robin scheduling outperforms first-in first-out scheduling for heavy traffic, and it is reversed for light traffic. In summary, this analytical framework provides an understanding and a rule-of-thumb for the practical deployment of 5G systems, where delay requirement is increasingly becoming a key concern.
Background & Aims
This study assessed the prognostic value of LCR in patients with cancer-associated malnutrition (CAM). Systemic inflammatory markers, particularly the lymphocyte-to-C-reactive ...protein ratio (LCR), are related to the survival of patients with CAM. The present retrospective analysis based on a prospective multicenter cohort study, which involved 1,437 hospitalized patients with CAM.
Methods
The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of ten inflammatory indicators — LCR, advanced lung cancer inflammation index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, prognostic nutritional index, modified Glasgow prognostic score, systemic immune-inflammation index, albumin-to-globulin ratio, LCR score, glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio—were constructed. Nutritional status, blood markers, and quality of life (QoL) were evaluated within 48 h of admission. The overall survival (OS) was evaluated from September 1 to December 29, 2021.
Results
A total of 1,431 cancer patients diagnosed with malnutrition based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Male patients were 62.8% of all, and the mean age was 60.66 years old. The AUC of LCR was higher than that of other inflammatory markers. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) of the Hazard ratios (HRs) showed an inverse L-shaped relationship with LCR. In addition, patients with low LCR had significantly poorer OS than those with high LCR. The addition of LCR to the model increased the predictive ability of 1-year mortality (AUC increase of 0.036), 3-year mortality (AUC increase of 0.038), and 5-year mortality (AUC increase of 0.031).
Conclusions
Assessing the LCR can help the medical staff identify cancer patients with nutritional deficiency at high risk of oncological outcomes and develop individualized therapeutic strategies.
The issue, composition dependence of glass-forming ability (GFA) in metallic glasses (MG), has been investigated by systematic experimental measurements coupled with theoretical calculations in Cu-Zr ...and Ni-Nb alloy systems. It is found that the atomic-level packing efficiency strongly relates to their GFA. The best GFA is located at the largest difference in the packing efficiency of the solute-centered clusters between the glassy and crystal alloys in both MG systems. This work provides an understanding of GFA from atomic level and will shed light on the development of new MGs with larger critical sizes.
ABSTRACT
We present timing solutions from the Fermi-LAT observations of gamma-ray pulsars PSR J0835 − 4510 (Vela), PSR J1023−5746, PSR J2111+4606, and PSR J2229+6114. Data ranges for each pulsar ...extend over a decade. From data analysis, we have identified a total of 20 glitches, 11 of which are new discoveries. Among them, 15 glitches are large ones with Δν/ν ≳ 10−6. PSR J1023−5746 is the most active pulsar with glitch activity parameter being Ag = 14.5 × 10−7 yr−1 in the considered data span and should be a target for frequently glitching Vela-like pulsars in future observations. We have done fits within the framework of the vortex creep model for 16 glitches with Δν/ν ≳ 10−7. By theoretical analysis of these glitches, we are able to obtain important information on the structure of neutron star, including moments of inertia of the superfluid regions participated in glitches and coupling time-scales between various stellar components. The theoretical prediction for the time to the next glitch from the parameters of the previous one is found to be in qualitative agreement with the observed inter-glitch time-scales for the considered sample. Recoupling time-scales of the crustal superfluid are within the range of theoretical expectations and scale inversely with the spin-down rate of a pulsar. We also determined a braking index n = 2.63(30) for PSR J2229+6114 after glitch-induced contributions have been removed.
The average valence, ValO, of the oxygen anions in the perovskite oxide BaTiO3, was found using O1s photoelectron spectra to be −1.55. This experimental result is close to the theoretical value for ...BaTiO3 (−1.63) calculated by Cohen Nature 358, 136 (1992) using density functional theory. Using the same approach, we obtained values of ValO for several monoxides, and investigated the dependence of ValO and the ionicity on the second ionization energy, V(M2+), of the metal cation. We found that the dependence of the ionicity on V(M2+) in this work is close to that reported by Phillips Rev. Mod. Phys. 42, 317 (1970). We therefore suggest that O1s photoelectron spectrum measurements should be accepted as a general experimental method for estimating the ionicity and average valence of oxygen anions.
ABSTRACT
The close correlation observed between emission state and spin-down rate change of pulsars has many implications both for the magnetospheric physics and the neutron star interior. The ...middle-aged pulsar PSR J0738-4042, which had been observed to display variations in the pulse profile associated with its spin-down rate change due to external effects, is a remarkable example. In this study, based on the 12.5 yr combined public timing data from UTMOST and Parkes, we have detected a new emission-rotation correlation in PSR J0738-4042 concurrent with a glitch. A glitch that occurred at MJD 57359 (5) (2015 December 3) with Δν/ν ∼ 0.36(4) × 10−9 is the first glitch event observed in this pulsar, and is probably the underlying cause of the emission-rotation correlation. Unlike the usual post-glitch behaviours, the braking torque on the pulsar has continued to increase over 1380 d, corresponding to a significant decrease in $\ddot{\nu }$. As for changes in the pulse profile after the glitch, the relative amplitude of the leading component weakens drastically, while the middle component becomes stronger. A combined model of crustquake induced platelet movement and vortex creep response is invoked to account for this rare correlation. In this scenario, magnetospheric state-change is naturally linked to the pulsar-intrinsic processes that give rise to a glitch.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether isolated maternal hypothyroxinaemia (IMH) is associated with risks of small/large‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA/LGA) infants.
Design
...Population‐based prospective cohort study.
Setting
Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health (MCH) clinics, China.
Population
Pregnant women with singleton births (n = 3178).
Methods
Descriptive statistics were calculated for the demographic characteristics of the mothers and their newborns. Linear regression was applied to estimate the association between thyroid hormone levels and birthweight. Logistic regression was performed to calculate the association between IMH and SGA/LGA.
Main outcome measures
Outcomes included SGA/LGA.
Results
The prevalence of IMH, defined as a free thyroxine value (FT4) lower than the 2.5th percentile with normal thyroid stimulating hormone, was 2.5% (78/3080) and 2.5% (74/2999) in the first and second trimesters, respectively. Additionally, 306 (9.6%) and 524 (16.5%) infants were defined as SGA and LGA, respectively. No evidence supported the notion that IMH is associated with an increased risk for SGA in either the first odds ratio (OR): 1.762, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.759–4.089 or the second (OR: 0.763, 95% CI: 0.231–2.516) trimester. However, an increased risk of LGA was observed among IMH women in the second trimester (OR: 2.088, 95% CI: 1.193–3.654). Maternal TPO‐Ab positivity in the second trimester increased the risk of SGA (OR: 2.094, 95% CI: 1.333–3.290).
Conclusion
This study provides evidence that IMH is associated with LGA.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81330068).
Tweetable
Isolated maternal hypothyroxinaemia may increase the risk of large‐for‐gestational‐age infants.
Tweetable
Isolated maternal hypothyroxinaemia may increase the risk of large‐for‐gestational‐age infants.
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