Background
To investigate the effects of booster sessions in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for children and adolescents with mood or anxiety disorders, whereas controlling for youth demographics ...(e.g., gender, age), primary diagnosis, and intervention characteristics (e.g., treatment modality, number of sessions).
Methods
Electronic databases were searched for CBT interventions for youth with mood and anxiety disorders. Fifty‐three (k = 53) studies investigating 1,937 youth met criteria for inclusion. Booster sessions were examined using two case‐controlled effect sizes: pre–post and pre–follow‐up (6 months) effect sizes and employing weighted least squares (WLSs) regressions.
Results
Meta‐analyses found pre–post studies with booster sessions had a larger effect size r = .58 (k = 15; 95% CI = 0.52–0.65; P < .01) than those without booster sessions r = .45 (k = 38; 95% CI = 0.41–0.49; P < .001). In the WLS regression analyses, controlling for demographic factors, primary diagnosis, and intervention characteristics, studies with booster sessions showed larger pre–post effect sizes than those without booster sessions (B = 0.13, P < .10). Similarly, pre–follow‐up studies with booster sessions showed a larger effect size r = .64 (k = 10; 95% CI = 0.57–0.70; P < .10) than those without booster sessions r = .48 (k = 20; 95% CI = 0.42–0.53; P < .01). Also, in the WLS regression analyses, pre–follow‐up studies showed larger effect sizes than those without booster sessions (B = 0.08, P < .01) after accounting for all control variables.
Conclusions
Result suggests that CBT interventions with booster sessions are more effective and the effect is more sustainable for youth managing mood or anxiety disorders than CBT interventions without booster sessions.
Religion and Suicide Gearing, Robin E.; Lizardi, Dana
Journal of religion and health,
09/2009, Letnik:
48, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Religion impacts suicidality. One's degree of religiosity can potentially serve as a protective factor against suicidal behavior. To accurately assess risk of suicide, it is imperative to understand ...the role of religion in suicidality. PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases were searched for published articles on religion and suicide between 1980 and 2008. Epidemiological data on suicidality across four religions, and the influence of religion on suicidality are presented. Practice guidelines are presented for incorporating religiosity into suicide risk assessment. Suicide rates and risk and protective factors for suicide vary across religions. It is essential to assess for degree of religious commitment and involvement to accurately identify suicide risk.
Research to establish an evidence-base for the treatment of conduct problems and delinquency in adolescence is well established; however, an evidence-base for interventions with offenders who are ...diverted from the juvenile justice system has yet to be synthesized. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of experimental studies testing juvenile diversion programs and to examine the moderating effect of program type and implementation quality.
A literature search using PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the National Criminal Justice Reference Service data-bases and research institute websites yielded 28 eligible studies involving 57 experimental comparisons and 19,301 youths.
Recidivism was the most common outcome reported across all studies. Overall, the effect of diversion programs on recidivism was non-significant (
k
=
45,
OR
=
0.83,
95%CI
=
0.43–1.58). Of the five program types identified, including case management (
k
=
18,
OR
=
0.78), individual treatment (
k
=
11,
OR
=
0.83), family treatment (
k
=
4,
OR
=
0.57), youth court (
k
=
6,
OR
=
0.93), and restorative justice (
k
=
6,
OR
=
0.87), only family treatment led to a statistically significant reduction in recidivism. Restorative justice studies that were implemented with active involvement of researchers led to statistically significant reductions in recidivism (
k
=
3,
OR
=
0.69). Other outcomes, including frequency of offending, truancy, and psycho-social problems were reported infrequently and were not subjected to meta-analysis.
High levels of heterogeneity characterize diversion research. Results of this study recommend against implementation of programs limited to case management and highlight the promise of family interventions and restorative justice.
► This study meta-analyzed 28 evaluations of juvenile diversion programs with over 19,000 youths. ► Effect sizes for diversion programs compared to control groups were non-significant. ► Family-based diversion programs reduced recidivism. ► Intervention quality indicators moderated outcomes.
Public stigma toward those experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia in the general population is high; yet research into such stigma within the diverse Latino communities remains under-investigated. ...This study employed a randomized experimental vignette methodology to assess various domains of public stigma toward individuals experiencing psychosis and/or diabetes within Latino communities. A communitybased sample of 243 Latino adults participated. Contrary to our expectations, respondents who were more sympathetic toward those with mental health problems tended to score higher on public stigma. The belief that a person was responsible for their own mental health problems was associated with higher levels of stigma. Results indicate that perceptions of dangerousness toward someone experiencing psychosis were common, and the perception that a person was responsible for their mental health problems was associated with higher levels of stigma Results emphasize the complex nature of stigma within the diverse Latino communities and the need for ongoing research.
Stigma is a multifaceted barrier for individuals living with mental illness, contributing to negative stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination, and is underinvestigated in minority ethnic groups. ...This study examines the stigma within the US Jewish communities, specifically the following: a) differences in public stigma dimensions based on mental illness ( e.g. , major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, or alcohol use disorder) and sex; and b) whether participant characteristics influence the public stigma. A community-based sample of 317 self-identified Jewish individuals participated in an experimental randomized vignette survey on stigma and help-seeking beliefs toward various mental illness. Findings indicate differences in stigma based on stigmatized individuals' sex and diagnosis as well as participants' demographics. Schizophrenia and alcohol use disorder were stigmatized similarly, with lower stigma for depression and the least stigma toward anxiety. Of interest, younger males have the most treatability and professional efficacy stigma, and tailored stigma-reducing interventions are recommended.
Federally funded medical and behavioral healthcare programs often have substantial evaluation outcome tracking and reporting requirements, which can become burdensome to program staff resulting in ...decreased buy-in, increased chance of staff burnout and turnover, and less rigorous and consistent data collection efforts. To address this issue, a novel data collection approach, “exception reporting,” was implemented to supplement and support the required data collection for a federally funded Assertive Outpatient Treatment (AOT) program. This work details the process and outcomes related to exception reporting for this comprehensive behavioral health treatment program that serves justice involved clients with serious mental illness (SMI). Results indicate that exception reporting was easily integrated into clinician’s normal workflows and resulted in a number of benefits. Specifically, results indicated that exception reporting decreased the data collection burden for program staff while allowing them to efficiently track program outcomes required by the funder. Additional research into which practice settings exception reporting can most easily be integrated into, and which client outcomes may be best tracked using this methodology, is indicated.
As the largest minority population in the United States and still one of the fastest growing, it is imperative for Latinos to access appropriate and comprehensive health care, including mental health ...treatment. Current research suggests Latinos have low regard for mental health services overall. This study explores Latino's treatment preferences and pathways to care when seeking assistance for mental health related concerns using data from a community-based survey of approximately 500 Latino adults on beliefs and attitudes about mental health and help seeking. Results found that more than half of participants prefer to seek help through informal source of care (e.g., friends, family members, coworkers, religious leaders, faith healers) initially rather than formal mental health service providers (e.g., licensed health professionals, a hospital, clinic). Demographic characteristics of respondents and symptoms experienced by the person in need of help predicted preferences in preferred paths of help seeking. Implications are presented for increasing treatment engagement for Latinos with mental health concerns.
Public Significance Statement
Latinos engage less and have lower regard for formal mental health services. Our findings indicate Latinos prefer informal pathways to care; demographic characteristics of respondents, and symptoms experienced by the person in need of help predicted preferences for help seeking. It is important that policy makers and communities increase mental health literacy, knowledge of treatment options, and partner with informal care in order to improve willingness to seek and engage in formal mental health care.
Como la mayor población minoritaria de EE. UU. y también una de las de más rápido crecimiento, es crucial que las/os latinas/os accedan a una atención médica adecuada e integral, incluido el tratamiento de la salud mental. Las investigaciones actuales sugieren que las/os latinas/os tienen baja estima por los servicios de salud mental en general. En este estudio se exploran las preferencias de tratamiento y las vías de atención de las/os latinas/os cuando buscan ayuda para cuestiones relacionadas con la salud mental mediante el uso de datos de una encuesta comunitaria realizada a aproximadamente 500 personas adultas latinas sobre creencias y actitudes acerca de la salud mental y la búsqueda de ayuda. Los resultados revelaron que más de la mitad de las/os participantes prefieren buscar ayuda inicialmente por medio de fuentes informales de atención (p. ej., amigos, familiares, compañeros de trabajo, líderes religiosos, sanadores religiosos) en lugar de proveedores formales de servicios de salud mental (p. ej., profesionales de la salud formales, un hospital, una clínica). Las características demográficas de las personas encuestadas y los síntomas experimentados por la persona necesitada de ayuda predijeron las preferencias en las vías preferidas de búsqueda de ayuda. Se presentan las implicaciones para fortalecer el compromiso con el tratamiento de las/os latinas/os que presentan problemas de salud mental.
One hundred and fourteen (N=114) Master of Social Work students completed an online survey to explore whether demographic characteristics, prior international travel, and learning abroad program ...experience were associated with levels of CSWE competencies, racial attitudes, and attitudes toward mental health. Results indicate that multilingual students and students with prior international travel experience self-reported lower levels of policy skill development and lower overall competency development. Age and race were associated with students' attitudes toward those experiencing mental health concerns, with younger or non-Hispanic White students reporting lower stigma toward those with mental health concerns. No association was found between demographic characteristics, learning abroad participation, prior international travel, and racial attitudes. Implications for social work education, practice, and research are offered.
Suicide continues to be a significant public health concern impacting all cultural and ethnic groups in the United States. Although prior studies indicate that Latino individuals die by suicide at ...lower rates than their non-Hispanic White or Asian peers, recent data in this area indicate that suicide rates for Latino individuals are rising. Currently, little is known about how Latino individuals perceive those who are experiencing suicidal ideation and the factors that are associated with stigma toward people contemplating self-harm. To address this gap, a convenience sample of 248 adults in the United States identifying as Latino participated in an experimental vignette study investigating their perceptions of persons experiencing suicidal ideation. Results show that generation of immigration significantly predicted various domains of stigma toward individuals with suicidal ideation. Older participants and participants with more children were associated with higher levels of stigma. The gender or age of the person experiencing suicidal ideation did not impact the levels of stigma across domains. Results indicate a need to increase the overall health literacy in relation to suicide within Latino communities, particularly in relation to early identification of suicidal ideation. Implications for future research and practice with Latino communities are offered.
Public Policy Relevance Statement
Although the number of Latino individuals dying by suicide has increased during the last 15 years, stigma toward suicide in Latino communities remains. Respondent demographic characteristics such as age, generational status, and number of children were predictive of higher levels of stigma toward those experiencing suicidal ideation. There remains a need to decrease suicide-related sigma and to increase the overall health literacy within Latino communities.
China accounts for an estimated third of the world’s suicides, yet individuals experiencing suicidality typically do not seek out or receive treatment. This study examines community perceptions and ...public stigma toward suicide. In Shanghai, China 186 adults were recruited to participate in a survey with an experimental vignette describing a suicidal individual, manipulated on gender and age, followed by questions eliciting attitudes toward suicide. Most participants agreed that the suicidal subject had a serious problem, with seriousness of the problem decreasing with participant’s age. Participants reported moderate levels of public stigma. More stigma was found toward adolescent subjects rather than adult. Male subjects were perceived as being more likely to change than females. The public’s accurate view of suicide without biases could help prevent suicide from getting worse. Public perceptions regarding a suicidal individual’s likelihood to change could lead to stigma reduction, which can subsequently help with effective crisis intervention.
