The synthesis and condensation of o-vanillin with 2-amino-3-methyl pyridine in a 1:1 ratio resulted in the formation of a Schiff base 3-methoxy-2-((3-methyl pyridine-2-ylimino) methyl) phenol. Six ...lanthanum complexes (LaL, CeL, PrL, NdL, SmL and GdL) were prepared using the Schiff base ligand. The antimicrobial evaluation resulted in a specific microorganism against which the compound was tested. All compounds showed significant anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF 7) in various concentration ranges (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg ml
–1
), as determined by the MTT assay. Herein, we explain the synthetic methods of various La(III) complexes with their characterization and application of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines, as well as the potential of heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur with enhanced activity against cancer and microbial infections. The organic bulkier ligands with Lanthanum (III) metal ions are used as a drug transport vehicle towards the biological systems. The synthesis of lanthanum complexes with the Schiff base ligand derived from o-vanillin and 2-amino-3-methyl pyridine provides a probability for the development of new therapeutic agents.
The effect of temperature, salinity and body-size on depuration of naturally accumulated heavy metals in clams, mussels and oysters harvested from Ashtamudi and Vembanad estuaries of Kerala, India ...were investigated using a static depuration system. Before depuration, the concentrations of heavy metals such as Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb and Zn were analysed and it was found that the Fe, Zn, Cu and Pb contents in all the three bivalve molluscs were above the prescribed limit which poses a significant health risk to bivalve consumers. To protect consumer food safety, depuration experiments were conducted at varying temperatures, salinities and body-sizes. The clams, mussels and oysters depurated under the room temperature depuration system (RTDS) showed a better reduction of heavy metals compared with low-temperature depuration system (LTDS). ANOVA showed clams and mussels depurated at RTDS significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the heavy metals than LTDS. However, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in oysters between RTDS and LTDS. Further, clams and mussels depurated at low salinity (15-psμ) showed high resistance against Pb reduction. But, all the heavy metals, particularly, Pb, Fe, Zn and Cu were effectively removed at higher salinity depuration (25-psμ and 35-psμ). Moreover, irrespective of the body-size of clams, mussels and oysters used for depuration, a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in all metals (Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cu) was observed. Relatively, the medium-size bivalves showed higher reductions compared to small-size bivalves. Based on the experiments conducted, we recommend 48 h depuration using the static system under room temperature (30 ± 1 °C) with a salinity range of (25–35 psμ) using medium-size bivalves (clam>30 mm; mussel >45 mm, and oyster >65 mm length) as optimum conditions for producing safe bivalves for consumption in the tropics.
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•Optimized the depuration process parameters of tropical bivalves for heavy metals.•Initial concentrations of Pb in bivalves pose a public health risk.•Zn showed high resistance to depuration in all the bivalves.•Temperature and salinity played a major role in depuration of heavy metals.•Bigger the size of the bivalve, better the depuration efficiency.
Over the past few years, it has become increasingly evident that microplastic pollutant heavily contaminates water sources, posing a potential threat to both human and wildlife. These plastic ...pollutants do not get degraded efficiently by natural processes and the existing traditional treatment methods are incapable of fully eradicating them. In this regard, degradation of microplastic contaminants through photocatalytic methods has emerged as a powerful technique. Unfortunately, only a limited number of investigations have been reported in the field of photocatalytic degradation of microplastics. This comprehensive assessment focuses on the detailed analysis of the latest cutting edge engineered technologies aimed at efficiently separating, identifying microplastic contaminants present in food samples and degrading them through photocatalysis. Moreover, detailed information on various instrumental techniques that can be adopted to analyze the isolated micro sized plastic particles has been discussed. The assessment and degradation of these micro contaminants through photocatalytic methods is still in juvenile stage and there are lot of rooms to be explored. The need for profound contemplation on methods to degrade them through photocatalytic approaches as well as their possible health risks to humans motivated us to bring out this review.
The life history and fitness parameters of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, were studied under ambient (410 ppm) and elevated concentrations (460, 510, 560, and 610 ppm) of carbon dioxide in a ...Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research chamber. The results revealed that the egg and larval durations were significantly longer at 410 ppm and shortened at a higher carbon dioxide concentration of 610 ppm. At elevated concentrations of 560 and 610 ppm, the net reproductive rate (R
0
) increased to 99.90 and 88.00 numbers per female in a lifetime, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increased (r
m
) value was 0.22 per day at 410 ppm; it increased linearly to 0.24, 0.26, 0.30, and 0.31 per day at 460, 510, 560, and 610 ppm, respectively. The fecundity rate increased from 150.86 ± 19.32 eggs (410 ppm) to 196.33 ± 8.63 eggs (560 ppm) on increasing carbon dioxide concentration but decreased to 171.46 ± 6.79 eggs at 610 ppm. These results suggest improved fitness of P. xylostella in the future scenario of global climate change with increasing carbon dioxide concentrations.
We investigated the effect of depuration of three naturally contaminated commercially important tropical edible bivalve molluscs by varying temperature, salinity and body-size of animals harvested ...from Ashtamudi and Vembanad estuaries, India using a static depuration system to ensure microbiological food safety. Before depuration, the levels of faecal indicators and pathogens were above the acceptable limits for live consumption. The depuration water temperature had a significant effect on bacterial elimination. Log reduction of faecal coliforms (FC) and E. coli varied between room-temperature (RTDS) and low-temperature depuration system (LTDS) and it was in the range of 1.39–2.44 and 1.88–2.82 log MPN, respectively under RTDS and LTDS. The elimination of bacterial pathogens such as Vibrio and Salmonella spp. was rapid in RTDS compared to LTDS. The highest elimination of FC and E. coli (2.39 and 2.92 log) was at 35 psμ depuration and the lowest (0.87 and 1.65 log) at 15 psμ depuration. The reduction of FC and E. coli was higher in the medium-sized animals compared to the small animals. Based on the results it is recommended that depuration using the static system under room-temperature (30 ± 1 °C); a salinity range of (25–35 psμ) and using medium-size bivalves (clam>30 mm; mussel >45 mm, and oyster >65 mm length) as optimum conditions for producing microbiologically safe bivalves for live consumption within 36 h.
•Process protocols for the depuration of tropical clams, mussels and oysters were advanced.•High levels of FIBs and human pathogenic contamination were found and eliminated.•Room-temperature depuration eliminated Vibrio spp. and Salmonella spp. rapidly.•Depuration at high salinity favours the elimination of indicator bacteria and pathogens.•The size of the bivalve played a critical role in depuration efficiency.
The first survey of persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentrations in air across several Indian agricultural regions was conducted in 2006–2007. Passive samplers comprising polyurethane foam (PUF) ...disks were deployed on a quarterly basis at seven stations in agricultural regions, one urban site and one background site. The project was conducted as a sub-project of the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) Network. In addition to revealing new information on air concentrations of several organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the study has demonstrated the feasibility of conducting regional-scale monitoring for POPs in India using PUF disk samplers. The following analytes were detected with relatively high concentrations in air (mean for 2006 and 2007, pg/m3): α- and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (292 and 812, respectively); endosulfan I and II (2770 and 902, respectively); p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDT (247 and 931, respectively); and for the sum of 48 PCBs, 12,100 (including a site with extremely high air concentrations in 2007) and 972 (when excluding data for this site).
New data on air concentrations of POPs across Indian agricultural regions is generated using cost-effective passive air samplers.
...the right planting time is crucial for maximizing cereal grain yields since the best seeding times produce strong and robust plants. ...the current investigation was carried out with the ...objectives of simulating green canopy cover (CC), above-ground biomass and yield of pearl millet through calibrating and validating AquaCrop model and to evaluate the influences of sowing windows and nitrogen levels on pearl millet growth and productivity. Model evaluation Goodness of fit was found between the AquaCrop simulated and observed values viz., Canopy Cover (CC), biomass, grain and straw yield of pearl millet by using four statistical variables such as coefficient of determination (R2), root mean squared error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency co-efficient (E) (Nash and Sutcliffe 1970), and Willmott's Index of Agreement (d) (Willmott, 1982). ... where, Mi and Si are the measured and simulated values, respectively; n - the number of observations; M - the mean of n measured values Using data gathered from three sowing windows and nitrogen levels, results of the AquaCrop calibration and validation were discussed in this section. According to Suman et al., (2019), for both the calibration and validation periods, the model was verified for simulating pearl millet grain yield (R2 >0.91) for all moisture conservation measures.
The sources of microbiological contamination in shellfish harvesting areas in the Ashtamudi and Vembanad estuaries were identified through a sanitary survey. Samples of shellfish and waters were ...tested for faecal indicator bacteria. Both estuaries receive high levels of contamination from septic tank discharges and areas with high numbers of birds and livestock. An assessment to illustrate the classification status of the harvesting areas indicated that 64% of oyster and 58% of clam samples from Ashtamudi and 54% of mussel samples from Vembanad would comply with the lower class B standard of the EU classification system. Most water results would comply with the faecal coliform standard for ‘Prohibited’ areas under the US classification system. None of the water samples from Ashtamudi were below the standard for ‘Approved’ areas. Pollution reduction measures and implementation of a sanitation programme according to international best practice would improve consumer health protection.
•High levels of faecal contamination of human and animal origins in the estuaries•Concentrations of faecal coliforms elevate during monsoon periods.•Bacterial concentrations in shellfish correlate strongly with those in the waters.•On average, clams accumulate higher levels of coliforms than oysters.•Shellfish requires post-harvest treatment prior to marketing for human consumption.
A quantitative analysis of scientific articles published in the Journal of Agrometeorology (JAM) between 2008 and 2022 was conducted using a variety of scientometric indicators. Various metrics were ...utilized to examine aspects including yearly research output, highly referenced sources, author rankings, contributions and profiles, cooperation trends, highly contributing nations, most cited papers, commonly searched keywords and worldwide collaboration mapping. This study employs biblioshiny for analysis and only looks at data that is available in Scopus database. With an h-index (17), a g-index (21) and 3238 total citations across the study period, the journal demonstrated considerable influence. With the greatest number of research publications (n=46) and the greatest number of citations (236), Pandey V stands out among other authors. In terms of the number of papers and citations, India emerged as the leading nation, with the Punjab Agricultural University in the lead with 744 publications. Four clusters were found by co-citation network analysis, with Allen RG being the most quoted author among them. The study also highlighted the fact that Indian authors worked together the most. This analysis is important for assessing the influence of the JAM and offers insightful information about noteworthy research trends and developments in the scientific community.
Blackgram, a protein-rich pulse crop (24%), is crucial for combating food insecurity, particularly in malnourished and economically weak countries. Enhancing blackgram production requires improved, ...input-saving management practices. Given the challenges of climate change and population growth, efficient water management is vital for increasing pulse productivity and water use efficiency with minimal investment. This study aimed to identify cost-effective irrigation methods to optimise blackgram yields. Experiments were conducted at the National Pulses Research Centre in Vamban, Pudukkottai, and the Agricultural College and Research Institute in Kumulur, Tiruchirappalli, during the kharif season of 2021 and 2022. The study compared different treatments of irrigation methods, such as check basin, raised bed, drip, sprinkler and rain hose irrigation. Results showed that the rain hose system maintained the highest soil moisture (23.93% at 10 cm depth and 19.71% at 20 cm depth). Even though drip irrigation resulted in a higher seed yield (1363 kg ha−1), the rain hose system proved to be more cost-effective, saving 27.09% in costs and achieving a 15.23% higher benefit–cost ratio. These findings suggest that the rain hose method, combined with current agronomic practices, is a viable low-cost technique for sustainable blackgram cultivation, optimising water use and maximising profits. This research provides valuable insights into water-saving irrigation methods for pulse crops.
