Gravitational‐wave high‐energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All‐sky Monitor (GECAM) is a space‐borne instrument dedicated to monitoring high‐energy transients, including Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes ...(TGFs) and Terrestrial Electron Beams (TEBs). We implemented a TGF/TEB search algorithm for GECAM, with which 147 bright TGFs, 2 typical TEBs and 2 special TEB‐like events are identified during an effective observation time of ∼9 months. We show that, with gamma‐ray and charged particle detectors, GECAM can effectively identify and distinguish TGFs and TEBs, and measure their temporal and spectral properties in detail. A very high TGF‐lightning association rate of ∼80% is obtained between GECAM and GLD360 in east Asia region.
Plain Language Summary
Terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) and Terrestrial Electron Beams (TEBs) represent the most energetic radioactive phenomena in the atmosphere of the Earth. They reflect a natural particle accelerator that can boost electrons up to at least several tens of mega electron volts and produce gamma‐ray radiation. With novel detection technologies, Gravitational‐wave high‐energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All‐sky Monitor (GECAM) is a new powerful instrument to observe TGFs and TEBs, as well as study their properties. For example, it is difficult for most space‐borne high‐energy instruments to distinguish between TGFs and TEBs. However, we show here that, with the joint observation of gamma‐ray and charged particle detectors, GECAM can effectively identify TGFs and TEBs. GECAM can also reveal their fine features in the light curves and spectra.
Key Points
During 9‐month observation, Gravitational‐wave high‐energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All‐sky Monitor (GECAM) has detected 147 bright Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs), 2 typical Terrestrial Electron Beams (TEBs), and 2 special TEB‐like events
With novel detector design, GECAM can effectively classify TGFs and TEBs, and reveal their fine temporal features
We obtained a very high TGF‐lightning association rate (∼80%) between GECAM and GLD360 in east Asia region
Display omitted
► We prepared porous NiTi alloy with pressureless sintering Ni/Ti powders with NaCl space holder. ► The pore architecture of this porous Ni50.5Ti49.5 alloy with large and small pores ...was investigated. ► This unique bimodal pore architecture contributed to the high damping capacity of the foam. ► The low modulus and pore size met the demand of cancellous bones.
Porous NiTi exhibits pseudoelasticity, shape memory and low modulus, and thus shows application potential as high damping and bio-materials. Here Ni50.5Ti49.5 foam with bimodal pore structure was prepared by elemental powder sintering and high damping capacity demonstrated. NaCl particles of 500–600μm and 75–90μm diameters were adopted as space holder to create large and small pores with porosity of 40%. Incomplete densification of NiTi alloy created even smaller pores of 10–50μm and contributed another 21.47% porosity. This NiTi foam containing bimodal pores has a compressive modulus of 1.83GPa, smaller than that of foam with single pores or estimation by Gibson–Ashby model. This low modulus is attributed to the stress-induced martensite transformation under compressive load. The foam exhibits high damping capacities during phase transformation and at austenite region because of deformation, dislocation motion in thin nodes/walls and stress-induced martensite formation.
The objective of this research is to investigate the plasma pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution of liposomal daunorubicin plus tamoxifen in breast cancer murine models through intravenous ...administration. Daunorubicin and tamoxifen plasma levels in pharmacokinetics studies were determined using HPLC. Biodistributions of various carriers loaded with a cyanine dye (cy7) were evaluated using in vivo imaging. After administration, free daunorubicin and tamoxifen were rapidly cleared out from the blood following a two-compartment kinetic model. The clearances and AUC (0-∞) of daunorubicin were (means ± SD): 0.028 ± 0.005 L h
kg
and 367.489 ± 56.979 μg mL
h
(liposomes), and 2.235 ± 0.347 L h
kg
and 4.546 ± 0.704 μg mL
h
(free drug). By ex vivo imaging 24 h after injection, the fluorescence intensity of liposomal cy7 plus tamoxifen in tumor region was obviously higher than that of free liposomal cy7. In conclusion, tamoxifen can improve pharmacokinetics profile of liposomal daunorubicin with enhanced therapy for breast cancer.
We study the light quark mass dependence of the D and Ds meson decay constants, fD and fDs, using a covariant formulation of chiral perturbation theory (χPT) at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). ...Using the HPQCD lattice results for the D (Ds) decay constants as a benchmark we show that covariant χPT can describe the HPQCD results better than heavy meson χPT (HMχPT) at both NLO and NNLO. Within the same framework, taking into account sub-leading (1/mQ, with mQ the heavy quark mass) corrections to the values of the low-energy constants and employing the lattice QCD results for gBB⁎π, we estimate the ratio of fBs/fB to be 1.22−0.04+0.05, which agrees well with the HPQCD result 1.226(26).
The focal plane camera is the core component of the Wide Field-of-view Cherenkov/fluorescence Telescope Array (WFCTA) of the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Because of the ...capability of working under moonlight without aging, silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) have been proven to be not only an alternative but also an improvement to conventional photomultiplier tubes (PMT) in this application. Eighteen SiPM-based cameras with square light funnels have been built for WFCTA. The telescopes have collected more than 100 million cosmic ray events and preliminary results indicate that these cameras are capable of working under moonlight. The characteristics of the light funnels and SiPMs pose challenges (e.g. dynamic range, dark count rate, assembly techniques). In this paper, we present the design features, manufacturing techniques and performances of these cameras. Finally, the test facilities, the test methods and results of SiPMs in the cameras are reported here.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The magic proton and neutron numbers are searched in the superheavy region with proton number
Z
=
100
–
140
and neutron number
N
=
(
Z
+
30
)
–
(
2
Z
+
32
)
in the relativistic continuum ...Hartree–Bogoliubov (RCHB) theory with effective interactions NL1, NL3, NLSH, TM1, TW99, DD-ME1, PK1, and PK1R. Based on the two-nucleon separation energies
S
2
p
and
S
2
n
, the two-nucleon gaps
δ
2
p
and
δ
2
n
, the shell correction energies
E
shell
p
and
E
shell
n
, the pairing energies
E
pair
p
and
E
pair
n
, and the pairing gaps
Δ
p
and
Δ
n
,
Z
=
120
, 132, and 138 and
N
=
172
, 184, 198, 228, 238, and 258 are suggested to be the magic numbers within the present approach. The
α-decay half-lives are also discussed. In addition, the potential energy surfaces of possible doubly magic nuclei are obtained by using the deformation-constrained relativistic mean field (RMF) theory, and the shell effects stabilizing nuclei are investigated.
Anodic coatings formed by spark anodizing (SA) with different electrolyte recipes often have distinct composition and properties. In this paper we report on the study of correlations between ...electrolytes and the coating properties of a thick SA layer (190 μm) formed on an AZ91D magnesium alloy. The voltage transient during this SA process in phosphate-silicate electrolyte solution is characterized by an abrupt anodic voltage drop after initial voltage increase, followed by a stabilized voltage plateau during which the microdischarge noise is completely suppressed. Microstructure investigations show that the cross-section of such SA thick coating contains three distinctive regions. In terms of composition, the outer layer contains uniform distribution of P and Si, and the middle and inner layers are dominated by Mg and O. Correspondingly, microstructures of these regions are also different, the inner layer with a cellular band and barrier structure is much more compact comparing to the middle layer. The individual thickness ranges for the cellular band and barrier regions are 500nm-2μm and 100–600 nm and their individual micro-hardness reaches about 3 GPa and 8 GPa respectively.
•Thick oxide layer have been synthesized by spark anodizing (SA).•A four sub-layer structure of the SA coating has been identified and studied.•The dense barrier layer has hardness exceeding 8 GPa, as measured by nanoindentation.•Mechanism of SA layer formation has been studied.
Differential diagnosis of hypoglycaemia can at times be challenging for patients who appear to be well. Here we identify the case of a 66-year-old Chinese man presenting with recurrent episodes of ...fasting hypoglycaemia and confusion without any other manifestations. He had no personal or family history of diabetes, nor was he on any hypoglycaemic drugs. The fasting insulin levels were elevated while the C-peptide and pro-insulin levels were slightly low or normal. Antibodies against insulin were negative and levels of insulin-like growth factors were normal. A series of imaging diagnosis excluded the presence of insulinoma or ectopic insulin-secreting neuroendocrine tumor. Ultimately, insulin receptor autoantibodies (IRAb) were detected by both immunoprecipitation assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed in house. In a cell study, the immunoglobulins isolated from this patient exerted insulin-like effects on stimulation of post-insulin receptor signaling and glucose uptake as well as inhibited
I-insulin binding with insulin receptors. Collectively, this patient was diagnosed with IRAb-induced autoimmune hypoglycaemia. Although this patient had no obvious immune disorders, several autoantibodies were identified in his plasma samples, suggesting the patient might have mild aberrant autoimmunity and therefore generated IRAb. IRAb-related disease is uncommon and possibly underdiagnosed or missed due to the lack of simple detection methods for IRAb. Our in-house user-friendly ELISA kit provides a valuable tool for diagnosis of this disease.
We report on a first next-to-next-to-leading order calculation of the decay constants of the D (D⁎) and B (B⁎) mesons using a covariant formulation of chiral perturbation theory. It is shown that, ...using the state-of-the-art lattice QCD results on fDs/fD as input, one can predict quantitatively the ratios of fDs⁎/fD⁎, fBs/fB, and fBs⁎/fB⁎ taking into account heavy-quark spin-flavor symmetry breaking effects on the relevant low-energy constants. The predicted relations between these ratios, fDs⁎/fD⁎<fDs/fD and fBs/fB>fDs/fD, and their light-quark mass dependence should be testable in future lattice QCD simulations, providing a stringent test of our understanding of heavy quark spin-flavor symmetry, chiral symmetry and their breaking patterns.
PDF
