In the 21st century, the world is faced with threats of global scale that cannot be confronted without collective action. Although global government as such does not exist, formal and informal ...institutions, practices, and initiatives-together forming "global governance"-bring a greater measure of predictability, stability, and order to trans-border issues than might be expected. Yet, there are significant gaps between many current global problems and available solutions. Thomas G. Weiss and Ramesh Thakur analyze the UN's role in addressing such knowledge, normative, policy, institutional, and compliance lapses. The UN's relationship to these five global governance gaps is explored through case studies of some of the most burning problems of our age, including terrorism, nuclear proliferation, humanitarian crises, development aid, climate change, human rights, and HIV/AIDS.
The handedness of a supramolecular chiral aggregate is often assigned based on the sign of circular dichroism spectra, adopting the exciton chirality method. However, the method does not properly ...account for the nature of intermolecular interactions. We introduce a generalized picture on the use of the sign of chiral signals in determining the helicity of chiral aggregates, rooted in the exciton model, supported by TD-DFT results.
Exciton chirality rule for assigning the handedness of supramolecular aggregates is rephrased by accounting for the nature of intermolecular interactions.
Ideas and concepts have been a driving force in human progress, and they
may be the most important legacy of the United Nations. UN ideas have set past,
present, and future international agendas in ...many global economic and social arenas
and have also led to initiatives and actions that have improved the quality of human
life. This capstone volume draws upon findings of the other 14 books in the
acclaimed United Nations Intellectual History Project Series. The authors not only
assess the development and implementation of UN ideas regarding sustainable economic
development and human security, but also apply lessons learned to suggest ways in
which the United Nations can play a fuller role in confronting the challenges of
human survival with dignity in the 21st century.
One of the key challenges in the practical realization of industrial internet of things (IoT) is overcoming Faraday shielding of free space electromagnetic waves emanating from the antennas of ...wireless systems used for power and data transfer. Metallic structures, machinery, pipeline, etc., cause interference resulting in the loss of signal connectivity among sensor network. Currently available techniques based on ultrasonic-electromagnetic transducers pose severe limitations on frequency, efficiency, and alignment. Here we demonstrate exciting Zenneck type interface waves propagating as localized charge oscillations (modes) along the metal profile, which overcomes the restrictions on frequency, metal obstacles, partial enclosures, and alignment. A finite element methods (FEM) model developed to predict the signal reception and power transfer efficiency across metal infrastructure shows excellent agreement with the experimental results. Electrical power transfer using Zenneck, under open conditions, show 4% drop for distance of 1 to 8 meters (68 to 64%), and 9% drop under shielded conditions for the same range (66 to 57%). For data transmission results, we demonstrate a feasibility, for an input power of 0dBm with several metallic pipelines as obstacles show received power of −11.8 dBm and −19.01 dBm at 6 and 25 meters, respectively.
Immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized the field of oncology, inducing durable anti-tumour immunity in solid tumours. In patients with advanced prostate cancer, immunotherapy treatments have ...largely failed
. Androgen deprivation therapy is classically administered in these patients to inhibit tumour cell growth, and we postulated that this therapy also affects tumour-associated T cells. Here we demonstrate that androgen receptor (AR) blockade sensitizes tumour-bearing hosts to effective checkpoint blockade by directly enhancing CD8 T cell function. Inhibition of AR activity in CD8 T cells prevented T cell exhaustion and improved responsiveness to PD-1 targeted therapy via increased IFNγ expression. AR bound directly to Ifng and eviction of AR with a small molecule significantly increased cytokine production in CD8 T cells. Together, our findings establish that T cell intrinsic AR activity represses IFNγ expression and represents a novel mechanism of immunotherapy resistance.
This Handbook provides in one volume an authoritative and independent treatment of the UN’s seven-decade history, written by an international cast of more than fifty distinguished scholars, analysts, ...and practitioners. It provides a clear and penetrating examination of the UN’s development since 1945 and the challenges and opportunities now facing the organization. It assesses the implications for the UN of rapid changes in the world—from technological innovation to shifting foreign policy priorities—and the UN’s future place in a changing multilateral landscape. Citations and additional readings contain a wealth of primary and secondary references to the history, politics, and law of the world organization. This key reference also contains appendices of the UN Charter, the Statute of the International Court of Justice, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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