Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated to increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases that might dramatically affect life expectancy according World Health Organization. ...Overweight, obesity, and decline in physical activity are correlated to a significant propensity to lose skeletal muscle mass as a result of prolonged inflammation and oxidative stress whereas cohort surveys and clinical investigations have demonstrated health benefits of Citrus-based polyphenols to reverse such regression. Overweight men were included in a double-blind, randomized, parallel pilot trial where they received daily for a 12-week period 900 mg of a Citrus-based polyphenol extract, Sinetrol® XPur. Body composition, anthropometric, and blood parameters were assessed before and at the end of the intervention period. After 12 weeks, while the silhouette slimmed down, metabolic parameters were significantly improved and skeletal muscle catabolism held back. These data suggest that over a 12-week period, the efficacy of the supplement improve both overweight process and correlated skeletal muscle mass metabolism.
The present study investigated the lipolytic (break of fat stored) effect of a citrus-based polyphenolic dietary supplement (SINETROL) at human adipocytes (
ex vivo), body fat (clinical) and ...biochemical levels (inhibition of phosphodiesterase). Free fatty acids (FFA) release was used as indicator of human adipocyte lipolysis and SINETROL activity has been compared with known lipolytic products (isoproterenol, theopylline and caffeine). SINETROL stimulated significantly the lipolytic activity in a range of 6 fold greater than the control. Moreover, SINETROL has 2.1 greater activity than guarana 12% caffeine while its content in caffeine is 3 times lower.
Clinically, two groups of 10 volunteers with BMI relevant of overweight were compared during 4 and 12 weeks with 1.4
g/day SINETROL and placebo supplementation. In the SINETROL Group the body fat (%) decreased with a significant difference of 5.53% and 15.6% after 4 and 12 weeks, respectively, while the body weight (kg) decreased with a significant difference of 2.2 and 5.2
kg after 4 and 12 weeks, respectively.
These observed effects are linked to SINETROL polyphenolic composition and its resulting synergistic activity. SINETROL is a potent inhibitor of cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) (97%) compared to other purified compounds (cyanidin-3 glycoside, narangin, caffeine). These results suggest that SINETROL has a strong lipolytic effect mediated by cAMP-PDE inhibition. SINETROL may serve to prevent obesity by decreasing BMI.
Neuroprotective Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Phospholipids in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy
Thierry C. Coste 1 ,
Alain Gerbi 2 ,
Philippe Vague 1 ,
Gérard Pieroni 2 and
Denis Raccah 1
1 ...UPRES EA 2193, Faculte de Medecine Timone, Marseille, France
2 INSERM U476, Faculte de Medecine Timone, Marseille, France
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Thierry Coste, UPRES EA 2193, Faculte de Medecine Timone, 27, Boulevard
Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France. E-mail: Thierry.Coste{at}medecine.univ-mrs.fr
Abstract
A deficiency in essential fatty acid metabolism has been widely reported in both human and animal diabetes. Fish oil supplementations
(n-3 fatty acids), containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were less effective on diabetic
neuropathy than (n-6) fatty acids. This partial effect of (n-3) fatty acids might be attributed to the presence of EPA, a
competitor of arachidonic acid, which enhanced the diabetes-induced decrease of this fatty acid in serum and tissues. For
determining whether a supplementation with DHA alone could prevent neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetes, diabetic
rats were given daily, by gavage, liposomes containing DHA phospholipids, at a dose of 60 mg/kg. Eight weeks of diabetes induced
significant decreases in nerve conduction velocity (NCV), nerve blood flow (NBF), and sciatic nerve and erythrocyte (red blood
cells RBCs) Na,K-ATPase activities. DHA phospholipids totally prevented the decrease in NCV and NBF observed during diabetes
when compared with the nonsupplemented diabetic group. DHA phospholipids also prevented the Na,K-ATPase activity decrease
in RBC but not in sciatic nerve. Moreover, DHA level in sciatic nerve membranes was correlated with NCV. These results demonstrate
a protective effect of daily doses of DHA on experimental diabetic neuropathy. Thus, treatment with DHA phospholipids could
be suitable for evaluation in clinical trials.
AA, arachidonic acid
DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid
GLA, γ-linolenic acid
LA, linoleic acid
MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid
NBF, nerve blood flow
NCV, nerve conduction velocity
Pi, inorganic phosphate
PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid
RBC, red blood cell
SFA, saturated fatty acid
STZ, streptozotocin
Footnotes
Accepted July 7, 2003.
Received February 27, 2003.
DIABETES
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that metabolic ageing process of overweight and obese populations is associated with an increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). ...Inflammation, hyper-glycaemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress have been associated with early stages of NCDs development whereas cohort surveys have demonstrated health benefits of dietary polyphenols from various dietary sources to reverse such progress. Obese volunteers were included in a double-blind, randomized, parallel pilot trial where they received daily for a 12-week period 900 mg of a polyphenol-rich treatment extracted from fruit and vegetables frequently consumed within the Mediterranean diet. Anthropometric and blood parameters were assessed before and at the end of the intervention period. After 12 weeks, while the silhouette slimmed down, metabolic parameters were significantly improved and general satisfaction considerably ameliorated. These data suggest that over a 12-week period, the synergistic action of bioactives within the treatment improves metabolic ageing process and quality of life in obese volunteers.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) might prevent heart failure or optimise drug treatments by improving cardiac contraction. We investigated whether DHA-enriched avian glycerophospholipids (GPL-DHA) exert ...cardioprotection in ouabain-treated rats after 4 weeks of dietary supplementation with 10, 35 or 60 mg DHA per kg body weight versusnone (DHA10, DHA35, DHA60 and control groups, respectively). The contractile responsiveness to different doses of ouabain (10 super(-7) to 10 super(-4) M), ouabain intoxication (at 3 10 super(-4) M), and relative variations in cardiac energy metabolism were determined using super(31)P NMR in isolated perfused rat hearts. The fatty acid composition of cardiac membranes was analysed by gas chromatography. DHA accretion in the heart was dose-dependent (+8%, +30% and +45% for DHA10, DHA35 and DHA60, respectively). The cardiac phosphocreatine content significantly increased at the baseline in DHA35 (+45%) and DHA60 groups (+85%), and at the different doses of ouabain in the DHA60 group (+73% to 98%). The maximum positive inotropy achieved at 10 super(-4) M ouabain was significantly increased in all DHA groups versuscontrol (+150%, +122.5% and +135% for DHA10, DHA35 and DHA60, respectively), and ouabain intoxication was delayed. The increase in myocardial phosphocreatine content and the improved efficacy of ouabain on myocardial contraction without toxicity suggest the potential of GPL-DHA as a dietary supplement or ingredient for functional food, and possibly as a co-treatment with digitalis drugs in humans.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) might prevent heart failure or optimise drug treatments by improving cardiac contraction. We investigated whether DHA-enriched avian glycerophospholipids (GPL-DHA) exert ...cardioprotection in ouabain-treated rats after 4 weeks of dietary supplementation with 10, 35 or 60 mg DHA per kg body weight
versus
none (DHA10, DHA35, DHA60 and control groups, respectively). The contractile responsiveness to different doses of ouabain (10
−7
to 10
−4
M), ouabain intoxication (at 3 × 10
−4
M), and relative variations in cardiac energy metabolism were determined using
31
P NMR in isolated perfused rat hearts. The fatty acid composition of cardiac membranes was analysed by gas chromatography. DHA accretion in the heart was dose-dependent (+8%, +30% and +45% for DHA10, DHA35 and DHA60, respectively). The cardiac phosphocreatine content significantly increased at the baseline in DHA35 (+45%) and DHA60 groups (+85%), and at the different doses of ouabain in the DHA60 group (+73% to 98%). The maximum positive inotropy achieved at 10
−4
M ouabain was significantly increased in all DHA groups
versus
control (+150%, +122.5% and +135% for DHA10, DHA35 and DHA60, respectively), and ouabain intoxication was delayed. The increase in myocardial phosphocreatine content and the improved efficacy of ouabain on myocardial contraction without toxicity suggest the potential of GPL-DHA as a dietary supplement or ingredient for functional food, and possibly as a co-treatment with digitalis drugs in humans.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) might prevent heart failure or optimise drug treatments by improving cardiac contraction.
A deficiency in essential fatty acid metabolism has been reported in diabetes. Nutritional supplementations with (n-6) or (n-3) PUFA have differential efficiency on parameters of diabetic neuropathy, ...including nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and nerve blood flow (NBF). The aim of this study was to compare the neuroprotective effects of γ-linolenic acid (GLA)-lipoic acid (LA) conjugate (GLA-LA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched phospholipids (PL) supplementations on NCV and NBF. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D) and control (C) rats were supplemented for 8 wk with either DHA-enriched PL at a dose of 30 mg · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹ (DDHA and CDHA) or with corn oil enriched with GLA-LA at a dose of 30 mg · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹ (DGLA and CGLA). Moreover, a C and D group received no supplementation. After 8 wk, NCV (-30%) and NBF (-50%) were lower in the D group than in the C group. Supplementation with GLA-LA totally prevented the decrease in NCV and NBF in the DGLA group, in which values did not differ from group C. Supplementation with DHA only partially prevented the decrease in NCV in the DDHA group, in which value was different from groups C and D and did not affect NBF. We conclude that at the low doses used, supplementation with GLA-LA is more effective than supplementation with DHA in preventing experimental diabetic neuropathy. The difference could be due in part to an antioxidant protective effect of LA on GLA.
A deficiency in essential fatty acid metabolism has been reported in diabetes. Nutritional supplementations with (n-6) or (n-3) PUFA have differential efficiency on parameters of diabetic neuropathy, ...including nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and nerve blood flow (NBF). The aim of this study was to compare the neuroprotective effects of γ-linolenic acid (GLA)-lipoic acid (LA) conjugate (GLA-LA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched phospholipids (PL) supplementations on NCV and NBF. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D) and control (C) rats were supplemented for 8 wk with either DHA-enriched PL at a dose of 30 mg . kg^sup -1^ . d^sup -1^ (DDHA and CDHA) or with corn oil enriched with GLA-LA at a dose of 30 mg . kg^sup -1^ . d^sup -1^ (DGLA and CGLA). Moreover, a C and D group received no supplementation. After 8 wk, NCV (-30%) and NBF (-50%) were lower in the D group than in the C group. Supplementation with GLA-LA totally prevented the decrease in NCV and NBF in the DGLA group, in which values did not differ from group C. Supplementation with DHA only partially prevented the decrease in NCV in the DDHA group, in which value was different from groups C and D and did not affect NBF. We conclude that at the low doses used, supplementation with GLA-LA is more effective than supplementation with DHA in preventing experimental diabetic neuropathy. The difference could be due in part to an antioxidant protective effect of LA on GLA. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
A deficiency in essential fatty acid metabolism has been reported in diabetes. Nutritional supplementations with (n-6) or (n-3) PUFA have differential efficiency on parameters of diabetic neuropathy, ...including nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and nerve blood flow (NBF). The aim of this study was to compare the neuroprotective effects of γ-linolenic acid (GLA)-lipoic acid (LA) conjugate (GLA-LA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched phospholipids (PL) supplementations on NCV and NBF. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D) and control (C) rats were supplemented for 8 wk with either DHA-enriched PL at a dose of 30 mg · kg−1 · d−1 (DDHA and CDHA) or with corn oil enriched with GLA-LA at a dose of 30 mg · kg−1 · d−1 (DGLA and CGLA). Moreover, a C and D group received no supplementation. After 8 wk, NCV (−30%) and NBF (−50%) were lower in the D group than in the C group. Supplementation with GLA-LA totally prevented the decrease in NCV and NBF in the DGLA group, in which values did not differ from group C. Supplementation with DHA only partially prevented the decrease in NCV in the DDHA group, in which value was different from groups C and D and did not affect NBF. We conclude that at the low doses used, supplementation with GLA-LA is more effective than supplementation with DHA in preventing experimental diabetic neuropathy. The difference could be due in part to an antioxidant protective effect of LA on GLA.
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