Autophagy is a major regulatory cellular mechanism which gives the cell an ability to cope with some of the destructive events that normally occur within a metabolically living cell. This is done by ...maintaining the cellular homeostasis, clearance of damaged organelles and proteins and recycling necessary molecules like amino acids and fatty acids. There is a wide array of factors that influence autophagy in the state of health and disease. Disruption of these mechanisms may not only give rise to several autophagy-related disease, but also it can occur as the result of intracellular changes induced during disease pathogenesis causing exacerbation of the disease. Our knowledge is increasing regarding the role of autophagy and its mechanisms in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Indeed, getting to know about the pathways of autophagy and its regulation can provide the basis for designing therapeutic interventions. In the present paper, we review the pathways of autophagy, its regulation and the possible autophagy-targeting interventions for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Precise causes of musculoskeletal complaints among nurses are not known well, but many studies have pointed to manual patient handling tasks. Subjective judgment and decision-making process for ...patient lifting is crucial for gathering data regards patient handling. The aim of this study was to consider reliability and validity and re-structure of two special tools for patient handling's tasks.
In this cross- sectional study 249 nurses were fully participated. As recommended by literature for cultural adaptation of instruments, forward/backward translation method was applied. Reliability of the translated version was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Validity testing for the two scales was based on content validity index/ratio analysis and also Exploratory Factor Analysis was run to extract latent factors.
Reliability estimated by internal consistency reached a Cronbach's Alpha of above 0.7 for all subscales of two questionnaires. After testing the validity, the final version of questionnaires was remained by 14 and 15 questions respectively.
These instruments evaluated for manual handling of normal and obese patients had acceptable validity and reliability in Iranian Nursing context. So, these tools can be used in further studies with the same cultures.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
It is well known that the environmental conditions e.g. humidity can alter the shape-memory properties of polymers. In this work we applied an atomistic molecular dynamics simulation approach to ...model the influence of the addition of 1 wt% and 2 wt% water on the simulated shape-memory behavior of the amorphous switching domains of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) with a molecular weight of Mn = 52,000 g mol−1. For the dry as well as the water swollen PLLA-models, two subsequent uniaxial thermomechanical test cycles have been calculated, whereby the applied uniaxial deformation εm was varied between 50% and 150%.
All simulated PLLA models showed high shape fixity ratio of Rf ≥ 84%. The shape-memory properties obtained at εm = 100% for the dry PLLA and the models containing 1 wt% water were almost identical with a shape recovery ratio in the first and second test cycle around Rr = 61%–64%. In contrast PLLA with 2 wt% water exhibited higher values of Rr = 76% during the first test cycle, but a lower Rr = 52% in the subsequent second cycle. Furthermore, increasing the applied εm resulted in a decrease of Rr from 82% to 42% for the dry PLLA, whereas PLLA with 2 wt% water did not show a dependence of Rr on εm. We anticipate that these observations can be attributed to differences in the initial structure of the various simulated PLLA models e.g. the different distribution of the free volume elements.
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In this letter, a novel printed monopole antenna (PMA) for ultrawideband (UWB) applications with variable frequency band-notch characteristic is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a stepped ...square radiating patch with two U-shaped slots and a notched ground plane with a T-shaped sleeve that provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 140% (2.8516.73 GHz). By cutting two modified U-shaped slots with variable dimensions on the radiating patch, frequency band-stop performance is generated, and we can control its characteristics such as band-notch frequency and its bandwidth. The designed antenna has a small size of 12 times 19 mm 2 while showing the band rejection performance in the frequency band of 5.02-5.97 GHz.
In this article, using critical point theory and variational methods, we investigate the existence of at least three solutions for a class of double eigenvalue discrete anisotropic Kirchhoff-type ...problems. An example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of our main theoretical findings.
Abstract
The Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) pathway is involved in many immunological processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, ...apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. Some of these processes can contribute to cancer progression and neurodegeneration. Owing to the complexity of this pathway and its potential crosstalk with alternative pathways, monotherapy as targeted therapy has usually limited long-term efficacy. Currently, the majority of JAK–STAT-targeting drugs are still at preclinical stages. Meanwhile, a variety of plant polyphenols, especially quercetin, exert their inhibitory effects on the JAK–STAT pathway through known and unknown mechanisms. Quercetin has shown prominent inhibitory effects on the JAK–STAT pathway in terms of anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity, as well as control of neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the pharmacological effects of quercetin on the JAK–STAT signaling pathway in solid tumors and neurodegenerative diseases.
In terms of primary brain tumors, glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and common brain tumors. The high resistance of glioblastoma to chemotherapy has made it vital to find alternative ...treatments and biological mechanisms to reduce the survival of cancer cells. Given that, the objective of the present research was to explore the potential of let-7a-3p when used in combination with carmustine in human glioblastoma cancer cells. Based on previous studies, the expression of let-7a is downregulated in the U87MG cell line. Let-7a-3p transfected into U87MG glioblastoma cells. Cell viability of the cells was assessed by MTT assay. The apoptotic induction in U87MG cancerous cells was determined through the utilization of DAPI and Annexin V/PI staining techniques. Moreover, the induction of autophagy and cell cycle arrest was evaluated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, cell migration was evaluated by the wound healing assay while colony formation assay was conducted to evaluate colony formation. Also, the expression of the relevant genes was evaluated using qRT-PCR. Transfection of let-7a-3p mimic in U87MG cells increased the expression of the miRNA and also increased the sensitivity of U87MG cells to carmustine. Let-7a-3p and carmustine induced sub-G1 and S phase cell cycle arrest, respectively. Combination treatment of let-7a-3p and carmustine synergistically increased arrested cells and induced apoptosis through regulating involved genes including P53, caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax. Combined treatment with let-7a-3p and carmustine also induced autophagy and increased the expression of the ATG5 and Beclin 1 (ATG6). Furthermore, let-7a-3p combined with carmustine inhibited cell migration via decreasing the expression of MMP-2. Moreover, the combination therapy decreased the ability of U87MG to form colonies through downregulating CD-44. In conclusion, our work suggests that combining let-7a-3p replacement therapy with carmustine treatment could be considered a promising strategy in treatment and can increase efficiency of glioblastoma chemotherapy.
Modification of acid-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-COOH with Eu
2
O
3
nanoparticles using Eu(NO
3
)
3
.6H
2
O, produced an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of some ...nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as quinoxalines. The products were identified by CHN analysis, NMR, and FT-IR spectra. On the other hand, synthesis of Eu
2
O
3
nanoparticles and their conjugation on the surface of (MWCNTs)-COOH have been confirmed by FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To keep pace with the tremendous bandwidth growth in cloud networking, web-scale providers, such as Microsoft, have been quick to adopt elastic features of modern optical networks. In particular, ...colorless flexible-grid reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers, bandwidth-variable transceivers, and the ability to choose a variety of optical source types are integral for cloud network operators to improve network efficiency while supporting a variety of service types. We take an in-depth look at Microsoft's deployed network infrastructure and discuss the impact of elasticity on network capacity and flexibility. As a proof-of-concept, a new elastic open line system (OLS), in which the line system components and the signal sources are disaggregated, was assembled in a laboratory environment, and 4000 km of propagation over primarily nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber using multiple source types is demonstrated. Finally, the long-term goal of unifying the control plane of the OLS, DWDM signal sources, routers, and Ethernet switches under a single software-defined network controller is briefly addressed.
•Presenting a full Hamiltonian system for optimiziation.•Reducing the Hamiltonian system by geometric concepts.•Converting the Hamiltonian system to a corresponding Lagrangian system.•Giving an ...analytic solution for optimization problem of laccase production.•Providing an analytic solution for complex optimization problems.
Laccase production by indigenous fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, requires solving optimal problems to determine the maximum production of the enzyme within a definite time period and conditions specified in the solid-state fermentation process. For this purpose, parallel to response surface methodology, an analytical approach has been proposed based on the advanced concepts of Poisson geometry and Lie groups, which lead to a system of the Hamiltonian equations. Despite the dating of the Hamiltonian approach to solving biological problems, the novelty of this paper is based on the expression of a Hamiltonian system in notions of Poisson geometry, Lie algebras and symmetry groups and first integrals. In this way, all collected data and the variables are taken into account in their actual role in the Hamiltonian system without any limitation on their number and dimensions. Also, the Hamiltonian system obtained can be reduced by symmetry concepts of Lie algebras, which result in the exact solution of the initial optimal problem. In addition, it can be converted to Lagrangian and vice versa. The proposed approach applies to the mathematical models describing the production of biomass and lignocellulolytic enzymes, consumption of the lignocellulosic matrix, fermentation model of the Tequila production process, and the laccase production. Ultimately, a comparison between the approximate method for producing laccase using the response surface methodology and the proposed analytical method has been made.
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