Transferrin (Tf) is considered an effective tumor-targeting agent, and PEGylation effectively prolongs in vivo pharmacokinetics by delaying excretion via the renal route. The authors describe the ...active tumor targeting of long-acting Tf–PEG–TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand conjugate (Tf–PEG–TRAIL) for effective cancer therapy. Tf–PEG–TRAIL was prepared using a two-step N-terminal specific PEGylation procedure using different PEGs (Mw: 3.4, 5, 10kDa). Eventually, only 10kDa PEG was linked to Tf and TRAIL because TRAIL (66kDa) and Tf (81kDa) were too large to link to 3.4 and 5kDa PEG. The final conjugate Tf–PEG10K–TRAIL was successfully purified and characterized by SDS-PAGE, western blotting. To determine the specific binding of Tf–PEG10K–TRAIL to Tf receptor, competitive receptor binding assays were performed on K 562 cells. The results obtained demonstrate that the affinity of Tf–PEG10K–TRAIL for Tf receptor is similar to that of native Tf. In contrast, PEG10K–TRAIL demonstrated no specificity. Biodistribution patterns and antitumor effects were investigated in C57BL6 mice bearing B16F10 murine melanomas and BALB/c athymic mice bearing HCT116. Tumor accumulation of Tf–PEG10K–TRAIL was 5.2 fold higher (at 2h) than TRAIL, because Tf–PEG10K–TRAIL has both passive and active tumor targeting ability. Furthermore, the suppression of tumors by Tf–PEG10K–TRAIL was 3.6 and 1.5 fold those of TRAIL and PEG10K–TRAIL, respectively. These results suggest that Tf–PEG10K–TRAIL is a superior pharmacokinetic conjugate that potently targets tumors and that it should be viewed as a potential cancer therapy.
Passive and active tumor targeting action scheme of Tf–PEG10K–TRAIL. Display omitted
This study attempted to propose a method of determining a project implementation area according to the purpose of the Offshore Project for Fishery Stock Enhancement after analyzing the regional ...economic effects in advance targeting the candidate regions for the Offshore Project for Fishery Stock Enhancement. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: first, in comparison with the overall effect of the Offshore Project for Fishery Stock Enhancement to 2013, the production inducement coefficient increased by 0.08 in the region, but decreased by 0.39 in other regions and by 0.33 in the whole country. The value-added inducement coefficient increased by 0.01 in the region and by 0.06 in other regions, increasing 0.27 for the whole country. In the case of the employment inducement coefficient, the number of workers in the region decreased by 9.48 and increased by 0.3 in other regions, resulting in a decrease of 9.1 people in the whole country. Second, depending on the purpose of the Offshore Project for Fishery Stock Enhancement, an aggregating indicator of economic effects within the region, an aggregating indicator of economic effects in other regions, and an aggregating indicator of economic effects across the country were prepared to be used to determine the priority of the project implementation region. There was a little difference between the 2013 and 2015 regional rankings according to the standardization method, indicating that the analysis results were somewhat consistent. In conclusion, the results of this study may contribute to determine the project implementation area according to the purpose of a specific project after analyzing the regional economic effect in advance.
The purpose of this study is to construct a regional-sector-fishery-offshore and inshore fishery competitiveness index, examine the types and changes of competitiveness, and derive implications by ...processing data of the Survey on the Current Status of Offshore and Inshore Fishery from 2013 to 2020 for this study. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, considering the competitiveness of offshore and inshore fishery by region and year, Jeonnam, Jeju, and Incheon were relatively competitive. Second, considering the competitiveness of inshore fishery by region and year, we found that Jeonnam, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Jeju were relatively competitive. Third, looking at the types of competitiveness based on the competitiveness index in the management sector of offshore and inshore fisheries by region and year, Ulsan, Jeonnam, and Gyeongbuk were relatively competitive between 2014 and 2020. Fourth, Jeonnam and Jeju were relatively competitive between 2014 and 2020 based on the competitiveness index in the fishing sector of offshore and inshore fisheries by region and year. Fifth, we found that Jeonnam, Jeju, and Chungnam were relatively strong in the competitiveness of offshore and inshore fishery, combining the offshore and inshore fishery indexes by region and year. The results of this study have some limitation on outlier treatment, grade assignment, and weight for aggregation, so research considering these needs to be done in the future. In conclusion, the results of this study which were derived objectively and scientifically in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, when evidence-based decision-making was becoming critical, are expected to help the central or local governments determine the priority of support projects or investments.
This study is aimed to prepare the promotion strategy to spawn snow crab resources and create their habitats using SWOT-AHP analysis. Currently, the creation program of spawning and habitat ground ...(CPSH) of various fisheries resource is a continuing process, however, none of these CPSH can be labeled as being effective in Korea. In order for CPSH to be effective, it must be planned systematically. Therefore, it is necessary for establishing promotion strategy on the CPSH. SWOT-AHP analysis is used to improve explanation ability of SWOT analysis. In this research, we suggested three strategies and 15 implementation plans of the CPSH using SWOT-AHP analysis. It is expected that the economic feasibility, ecosystem and recovery of fisheries resources will improve significantly. Consequently, to increase the performance of CPSH, it is necessary to focus on the developing an efficient and executive promotion strategy on the CPSH.
Economic and welfare programme factors affect the wellbeing of low-income families and their labour supply decisions. This study uses recent data from the US Survey of Income and Programme ...Participation. A nested logit model is estimated to explain the joint decisions to participate in Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and the labour market for the population of families potentially eligible for TANF. The empirical findings indicate that higher wages increase labour and decrease welfare programme participation; an increase in non-labour income decreases both labour market and welfare participation.
This study is aimed to prepare the promotion strategy to spawn snow crab resources and create their habitats using SWOT-AHP analysis. Currently, the creation program of spawning and habitat ground ...(CPSH) of various fisheries resource is a continuing process, however, none of these CPSH can be labeled as being effective in Korea. In order for CPSH to be effective, it must be planned systematically. Therefore, it is necessary for establishing promotion strategy on the CPSH. SWOT-AHP analysis is used to improve explanation ability of SWOT analysis. In this research, we suggested three strategies and 15 implementation plans of the CPSH using SWOT-AHP analysis. It is expected that the economic feasibility, ecosystem and recovery of fisheries resources will improve significantly. Consequently, to increase the performance of CPSH, it is necessary to focus on the developing an efficient and executive promotion strategy on the CPSH.
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