The WHO has established a control strategy for Strongyloides stercoralis in school-aged children as well as targets and to maintain control programs for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and ...hookworms. For an efficient development of control programs, it is necessary to know the target countries around the world, as well as the areas within each country where efforts should be focused. Therefore, maps that provide information on the areas at risk for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections on a national and sub-national scale would allow for a better allocation of resources.
We used the ecological niche models MaxEnt and Kuenm R library to estimate the global distribution of S. stercoralis and hookworms. We used occurrence points of both species extracted from surveys of two literature reviews and from the Global Atlas of Helminth Infection database, together with 14 raster maps of environmental variables.
We obtained two raster maps with the presence probability of S. stercoralis and hookworm infections at a global level and then estimated the global population at risk to be 2.6 and 3.4 billion, respectively. The population at risk was also estimated at the country level using estimations for areas as small as 25 km
. A relationship was found between the probability of the presence of S. stercoralis and its prevalence, and a raster map was generated. Annual precipitation, annual temperature, soil carbon content and land cover were the main associated environmental variables. The ecological niches of Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworms had an overlap of 68%.
Here we provide information that can be used for developing more efficient and integrated control strategies for S. stercoralis and hookworm infections. This information can be annexed to the study of other risk factors or even other diseases to assess the health status of a community. GRAPHICAL ABSTARCT.
Heavy metal contamination from occupational origin is a cause for concern because of its potential accumulation in the environment and in living organisms leading to long term toxic effects. This ...study was aimed to assess Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb levels in whole blood, urine, axillary hair and saliva from 178 individuals with occupational exposure to heavy metals. Levels of metal compounds were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. We collected information on occupation, lifestyle habits and food intake by questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses for metal ion concentration in whole blood, urine, axillary hair and saliva were adjusted for age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption, lifetime workplace exposure, residence area and food habits. Overall, blood and urine median concentrations found for the five metals analyzed do not exceed biological exposure indexes, so that they are very similar to a non-occupationally exposed population. Toxicokinetic differences may account for the lack of correlations found for metal levels in hair and saliva with those in blood or urine. For those heavy metals showing higher median levels in blood with respect to hair (Cd, Mn and Pb) indicating lesser hair incorporation from blood, the lifetime working experience was inversely correlated with their hair levels. The longer the lifetime working experience in industrial environments, the higher the Mn and Ni concentration in saliva. Axillary hair and saliva may be used as additional and/or alternative samples to blood or urine for biomonitoring hair Mn, and saliva Ni in subjects with occupational exposure.
► Metal levels in workers were similar to an occupationally non-exposed population. ► Metal levels in blood and urine were below recommended reference values. ► A lack of correlation was observed between metal levels in blood and saliva. ► Toxicokinetic differences may account for the lack of correlations observed. ► Axillary hair and saliva are proposed as valid samples for biomonitoring purposes.
ABSTRACT
In this last decade, Spanish urban areas have received large amounts of international immigrants, modifying (sub)urban dynamics. The paper specifically explores the metropolitan region of ...Barcelona (RMB), where, between 1998 and 2009, foreign nationality residents rose from 1.8 to 14.9 per cent of total population. Research focuses on the impact of foreign immigration on three specific dynamics: population growth and distribution/segregation of both Spanish and foreign populations within the metropolitan area; their respective residential mobility patterns; and consequences on their age and sex structure. Results show that there are remarkable differences between the two populations: foreign immigrants have preferably settled in the core city's least affluent neighbourhoods and, in a second phase, in inner ring municipalities, while the Spanish population continues to move to suburban municipalities.
Apresentamos uma leitura teórica da psicopatologia de Freud e Lacan. Inicialmente, recuperamos fragmentos clínicos de Emma, paciente que Freud diagnostica como histérica devido a uma vivência ...traumática de abuso sexual. Em seguida, retomamos o sonho em que Freud reencontra a paciente. Emma, posteriormente conhecida como Irma, relata sentir dores intensas na garganta. No sonho, a garganta da jovem retorna a Freud, denunciando a falha de sua psicopatologia. Entre Emma e Irma, Freud introduz o Édipo como nova interpretação da etiologia da neurose. Mais do que postular o saber edípico como aquele que responde ao enigma do sintoma, o autor restaura a contradição da poesia trágica. Certamente Lacan esteve atento à leitura freudiana, aproximando-se igualmente do discurso filosófico e matemático. Pela fórmula matemática, análoga àquele impressa na garganta de Irma, vislumbramos um objeto central para pensar a psicopatologia psicanalítica.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To determine the effect of different seasons on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by using World Health Organization criteria.
The results of all pregnancy glucose tolerance tests ...(GTTs) were prospectively collected over a 3-year period in a temperate climate, and the results were grouped by season.
The results of 7,369 pregnancy GTTs were available for consideration. In winter, the median 1-h and 2-h glucose results after GTT were significantly (P < 0.0001) lower than the overall 1-h and 2-h results. The prevalence of GDM at the 1-h diagnostic level was 29% higher in summer and 27% lower in winter than the overall prevalence (P = 0.02). The prevalence of GDM at the 2-h diagnostic level was 28% higher in summer and 31% lower in winter than the overall prevalence (P = 0.01).
The prevalence of GDM varies according to seasons, which leads to the possible overdiagnosis of GDM in summer and/or underdiagnosis in winter. Further research into standardization of the GTT or seasonal adjustment of the results may need to be considered.
Aim: Cenozoic dynamics of large-scale species diversity patterns remain poorly understood, especially for the Western Pacific, in part, because of the paucity of well-dated fossil records from the ...tropics. This article aims to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of species diversity in the Western Pacific through the Cenozoic, focusing on the tropical Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) biodiversity hotspot. Location: Tropical and north-western Pacific Ocean. Methods: We analysed well-preserved fossil ostracodes from the tropical Western Pacific and combined their diversity data with other published data from the region to reconstruct Cenozoic dynamics of species diversity in the tropical and north-western Pacific Ocean. We fitted generalized additive models to test for differences in richness over time and across geographical regions while accounting for sample-size variation among samples. Results: Low-, mid- and high-latitude regions all show a similar diversity trajectory: diversity is low in the Eocene and Oligocène, increases from the Early Miocene to the Plio-Pleistocene but then declines to the present day. Present-day high biodiversity in these regions was established during the Pliocene with a remarkable diversity increase at that time. Latitudinal diversity patterns are relatively flat and never show a simple decline from the tropics to higher latitudes. Main conclusions: Western Pacific Cenozoic ostracodes exhibit a spatiotemporal pattern of species diversity that is inconsistent with the commonly reported and persistent pattern of declining diversity from the tropics to the extratropics. While this inconsistency could be interpreted as evidence that ostracodes are a contrarian clade, Atlantic ostracodes display a standard latitudinal species diversity gradient. Contrasting patterns between oceans suggest an important role for regional factors (e.g. plate tectonics and temporal geomorphological dynamics) in shaping the biodiversity of the Western Pacific.
The use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has markedly increased over the last decade, so have the inter-hospital transfers, with the aim of being able to offer advanced heart failure (AHF) ...therapies and centralizing patients to tertiary centres.
In this article, we present the first in Europe long-distance air transfer of a patient supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator and Impella (ECPELLA), as a bridge to successful heart transplant. In our case report, a foreign young patient with AHF due to familiar cardiomyopathy required multiple MCS devices to achieve cardiovascular stability. After appropriate planning and multidisciplinary discussion, the patient was transferred on MCS to his country of origin via a fixed-wing airplane, in order to be assessed for heart transplantation. During take-off, the Impella flows temporarily dropped and a suction alarm was displayed; however, this rectified without intervention, and the rest of the flight was uneventful. One month after transfer, the patient underwent successful heart transplantation and remained clinically stable during the 12-month follow-up.
Our experience links together the current challenges in the evolving AHF strategies and the increased need for inter-facility cooperation. Both these clinical and logistic challenges appear to lead to possible improved outcomes, after appropriate assessment, training, and accurate planning. Our experience provides useful information on feasibility of long-distance transport of patients supported by ECPELLA in Europe.
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