The Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI) instrument on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Follow-On mission has provided the first laser interferometric range measurements between ...remote spacecraft, separated by approximately 220 km. Autonomous controls that lock the laser frequency to a cavity reference and establish the 5 degrees of freedom two-way laser link between remote spacecraft succeeded on the first attempt. Active beam pointing based on differential wave front sensing compensates spacecraft attitude fluctuations. The LRI has operated continuously without breaks in phase tracking for more than 50 days, and has shown biased range measurements similar to the primary ranging instrument based on microwaves, but with much less noise at a level of 1 nm/sqrtHz at Fourier frequencies above 100 mHz.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference on Formal Methods for Open Object-Based Distributed Systems, FMOODS 2008, held in Oslo, Norway, in June ...2008. The 14 revised full papers presented together with 1 invited lecture were carefully reviewed and selected from 35 submissions. The papers cover topcics such as semantics of object-oriented programming; formal techniques for specification, analysis, and refinement; model checking; theorem proving and deductive verification; type systems and behavioral typing; formal methods for service-oriented computing; integration of quality of service requirements into formal models; formal approaches to component-based design; and applications of formal methods.
Globaliseringen av affärsrelationer har lett till att individer och företag med olika kulturell bakgrund möts i en mycket större utsträckning än vad som skedde för några decennier sedan. Svenska och ...franska företag dras med i den globala strömmen: de gemensamma affärsrelationerna, bilaterala projekten och mötena blir alltmer omfattande och intensivare, vilket också innebär att de kulturella skillnaderna mellan nationaliteterna blir kännbara, och de orsakar både problem och möjligheter. Det aktuella forskningsprojektet syftar till att utreda vad som kännetecknar den svenska respektive den franska affärskulturen, samt att studera vilka skillnader i dessa kulturer som påverkar gemensamma samarbetsprocesser. Studien baseras på flera fall av industriella projekt mellan SAAB Aerospace i Linköping och Dassault Aviation i Paris, där flygingenjörer utvecklar högteknologiska produkter. Två olika världar. Studien visar att svenskar respektive fransmän utvecklas i två olika världar. Även om de studerade företagen och deras ingenjörer delar samma tekniska kultur, driver de sina projekt på olika sätt, och skillnaderna kommer till uttryck ofta i samband med gemensamma beslutsprocesser, med tids- och energislukande missförstånd som följd. Besluten tas på olika nivåer, på olika sätt, vid olika tidpunkter och har olika betydelse och bindningskraft om man är i Sverige eller i Frankrike. Olikheter betyder också möjligheter. Man skall dock inte alltid betrakta dessa skillnader som ett problem. En ökad förståelse för varandras mentalitet kan leda dels till att krockar undviks, och att man kan dra fördel av skillnaderna på ett konstruktivt sätt. Den aktuella studien visar att den franska retoriska seden är väl anpassad för att hantera abstrakta frågor samt för att främja innovation. De mer konsensuella svenskarna i sin tur är svårslagna när det gäller medarbetares involvering, samt för att förverkliga idéer och visioner. Olikheter mellan den franska respektive den svenska kulturen kan då komplettera varandra och leda till synergier som kan gagna båda parterna, för ett framgångsrikt samarbete bortom våra gränser.
I den tryckta versionen är serie och serienummer felaktig. I den elektroniska versionen är detta ändrat till korrekt ISSN 0280-7971 och korrekt serienummer 1633.
The Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI) instrument on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Follow-On mission has provided the first laser interferometric range measurements between ...remote spacecraft, separated by approximately 220 km. Autonomous controls that lock the laser frequency to a cavity reference and establish the 5 degree of freedom two-way laser link between remote spacecraft succeeded on the first attempt. Active beam pointing based on differential wavefront sensing compensates spacecraft attitude fluctuations. The LRI has operated continuously without breaks in phase tracking for more than 50 days, and has shown biased range measurements similar to the primary ranging instrument based on microwaves, but with much less noise at a level of \(1\,{\rm nm}/\sqrt{\rm Hz}\) at Fourier frequencies above 100 mHz.
With the introduction of it's FlexBUS concept, Dornier Satellitensysteme GmbH has successfully entered the stage for small satellite development and manufacturing. Especially with its significant ...involvement in the engineering activities of the GFZ/DLR small satellite project CHAMP and the responsibility to lead the NASA/DLR GRACE project, a major step forward has been achieved in establishing Dornier as a major small satellite contractor. The CHAMP satellite (Challenging Mini-Satellite Payload for Geophysical Research and Application) of the GFZ (GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam) is the first realized FlexBUS satellite. During its 5 year mission in a polar orbit, CHAMP will measure the magnetic field and the gravity field of the Earth as well as the state parameters of the atmosphere and the ionosphere. For this purpose CHAMP is equipped with various sensors such as a high resolution accelerometer, fluxgate and Overhauser magnetometers and a Digital Ion Drift Meter. For precise orbit determination a GPS receiver with 4 antennas, and a laser retroreflector are installed on the spacecraft. Atmospheric sounding is performed by interpreting the signals of occulting GPS satellites.2 pairs of star sensors provide high precision attitude information. In order to limit the cost of the project, already qualified components are used as far as possible. This affects also the complete test approach and in particular the thermal test program and the thermal testing of the satellite. On the other hand the satellite includes new developments for attitude measurement based on earth and sun vector determination by thermo-optical surfaces as well as a special foam insulation system. Within the paper the thermal verification approach with component and system level tests are presented. The preparation and performance of the TB/TV test with the different test modes and the test results are described.
Since drug responses vary between patients, it is crucial to develop pre-clinical or co-clinical strategies that forecast patient response. In this study, we tested whether RNA-based therapeutics ...were suitable for personalized medicine by using patient-derived-organoid (PDO) and patient-derived-xenograft (PDX) models.
We performed microRNA (miRNA) profiling of PDX samples to determine the status of miRNA deregulation in individual pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. To deliver personalized RNA-based-therapy targeting oncogenic miRNAs that form part of this common PDAC miRNA over-expression signature, we packaged antimiR oligonucleotides against one of these miRNAs in tumor-penetrating nanocomplexes (TPN) targeting cell surface proteins on PDAC tumors.
As a validation for our pre-clinical strategy, the therapeutic potential of one of our nano-drugs, TPN-21, was first shown to decrease tumor cell growth and survival in PDO avatars for individual patients, then in their PDX avatars.
This general approach appears suitable for co-clinical validation of personalized RNA medicine and paves the way to prospectively identify patients with eligible miRNA profiles for personalized RNA-based therapy.
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Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding RNA that play a major role in various cellular processes by negatively regulating gene expression. In the past decade, miRNA ...dysregulation has been reported to be closely linked to inflammatory diseases. The immune response modulates cancer initiation and progression; miRNAs including let-7 family members have been shown to act as key regulators of the immune responses in various diseases and cancers. Notably, the let-7 miRNA has been reported to be closely associated with immunity, specifically with Toll-like receptors that mediate cytokine expression during pathogen infection and with the regulation of various other immune effectors.
Areas covered: In this review, the authors describe the discovery of let-7 as the starting point of the RNA revolution and highlight let-7 as an efficient tool for cancer and immune therapy.
Expert opinion: let-7 miRNA has emerged as a key player in cancer therapy and immune responses and it has potential role as a new immunotherapeutic target. However, while there are challenges regarding miRNA delivery, the exciting emergence of personalized medicine for cancer and immunotherapy could be beneficial for the development of let-7 therapeutics.
Background
With time, due to the poor knowledge on it epidemiology, the need to focus on awake bruxism as a complement of sleep studies emerged.
Objective
In line with a similar recent proposal for ...sleep bruxism (SB), defining clinically oriented research routes to implement knowledge on awake bruxism (AB) metrics is important for an enhanced comprehension of the full bruxism spectrum, that is better assessment and more efficient management.
Methods
We summarised current strategies for AB assessment and proposed a research route for improving its metrics.
Results
Most of the literature focuses on bruxism in general or SB in particular, whilst knowledge on AB is generally fragmental. Assessment can be based on non‐instrumental or instrumental approaches. The former include self‐report (questionnaires, oral history) and clinical examination, whilst the latter include electromyography (EMG) of jaw muscles during wakefulness as well as the technology‐enhanced ecological momentary assesment (EMA). Phenotyping of different AB activities should be the target of a research task force. In the absence of available data on the frequency and intensity of wake‐time bruxism‐type masticatory muscle activity, any speculation about the identification of thresholds and criteria to identify bruxers is premature. Research routes in the field must focus on the improvement of data reliability and validity.
Conclusions
Probing deeper into the study of AB metrics is a fundamental step to assist clinicians in preventing and managing the putative consequences at the individual level. The present manuscript proposes some possible research routes to advance current knowledge. At different levels, instrumentally based and subject‐based information must be gathered in a universally accepted standardised approach.
Thiamine is an essential micronutrient that plays a key role in energy metabolism. Many populations worldwide may be at risk of clinical or subclinical thiamine deficiencies, due to famine, reliance ...on staple crops with low thiamine content, or food preparation practices, such as milling grains and washing milled rice. Clinical manifestations of thiamine deficiency are variable; this, along with the lack of a readily accessible and widely agreed upon biomarker of thiamine status, complicates efforts to diagnose thiamine deficiency and assess its global prevalence. Strategies to identify regions at risk of thiamine deficiency through proxy measures, such as analysis of food balance sheet data and month‐specific infant mortality rates, may be valuable for understanding the scope of thiamine deficiency. Urgent public health responses are warranted in high‐risk regions, considering the contribution of thiamine deficiency to infant mortality and research suggesting that even subclinical thiamine deficiency in childhood may have lifelong neurodevelopmental consequences. Food fortification and maternal and/or infant thiamine supplementation have proven effective in raising thiamine status and reducing the incidence of infantile beriberi in regions where thiamine deficiency is prevalent, but trial data are limited. Efforts to determine culturally and environmentally appropriate food vehicles for thiamine fortification are ongoing.
This paper describes the current state of thiamine research and the significance of thiamine deficiency in low‐ and middle‐income countries from public health and clinical perspectives. The map shows countries where the estimated per capita availability of thiamine in the national food supply (as per food balance sheets) is below the recommended nutrient intake for men (in turquoise), and countries where rice or wheat flour fortification are in place to address low thiamine availability (in yellow).
Background and Aims
The gap between patients on transplant waiting lists and available donor organs is steadily increasing. Human organoids derived from leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G ...protein‐coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)–positive adult stem cells represent an exciting new cell source for liver regeneration; however, culturing large numbers of organoids with current protocols is tedious and the level of hepatic differentiation is limited.
Approach and Results
Here, we established a method for the expansion of large quantities of human liver organoids in spinner flasks. Due to improved oxygenation in the spinner flasks, organoids rapidly proliferated and reached an average 40‐fold cell expansion after 2 weeks, compared with 6‐fold expansion in static cultures. The organoids repopulated decellularized liver discs and formed liver‐like tissue. After differentiation in spinner flasks, mature hepatocyte markers were highly up‐regulated compared with static organoid cultures, and cytochrome p450 activity reached levels equivalent to hepatocytes.
Conclusions
We established a highly efficient method for culturing large numbers of LGR5‐positive stem cells in the form of organoids, which paves the way for the application of organoids for tissue engineering and liver transplantation.
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