We describe the first implanted glucose biofuel cell (GBFC) that is capable of generating sufficient power from a mammal's body fluids to act as the sole power source for electronic devices. This ...GBFC is based on carbon nanotube/enzyme electrodes, which utilize glucose oxidase for glucose oxidation and laccase for dioxygen reduction. The GBFC, implanted in the abdominal cavity of a rat, produces an average open-circuit voltage of 0.57 V. This implanted GBFC delivered a power output of 38.7 μW, which corresponded to a power density of 193.5 μW cm(-2) and a volumetric power of 161 μW mL(-1). We demonstrate that one single implanted enzymatic GBFC can power a light-emitting diode (LED), or a digital thermometer. In addition, no signs of rejection or inflammation were observed after 110 days implantation in the rat.
A theoretically based design method for the thickness of the base course of unpaved roads is developed in this paper, which considers distribution of stress, strength of base course material, ...interlock between geosynthetic and base course material, and geosynthetic stiffness in addition to the conditions considered in earlier methods: traffic volume, wheel loads, tire pressure, subgrade strength, rut depth, and influence of the presence of a reinforcing geosynthetic (geotextile or geogrid) on the failure mode of the unpaved road or area. In this method, the required base course thickness for a reinforced unpaved road is calculated using a unique equation, whereas more than one equation was needed with earlier methods. This design method was developed for geogrid-reinforced unpaved roads. However, it can be used for geotextile-reinforced unpaved roads and for unreinforced roads with appropriate values of relevant parameters. The calibration of this design method using data from field wheel load tests and laboratory cyclic plate loading tests on unreinforced and reinforced base courses is presented in the companion paper by the authors.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FGGLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Due to their vasoconstrictive action on the nasal mucosa, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are highly efficient amines for relief of nasal congestion. As with any vasoconstrictor and as ...underscored by the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology in its 2011 guideline, these molecules should not be used in patients under the age of 15. Furthermore, due to unpredictable severe cardiovascular and neurological adverse events that may occur even at low dose and in the absence of any pre-existing pathology, they should not be prescribed for the common cold, and ENT physicians must carefully weigh the risk/benefit ratio in patients with allergic rhinitis. Distribution should be regulated and over-the-counter sales banned.
In this trial, patients with stroke or TIA and atherosclerosis who received a statin with or without ezetimibe were randomly assigned to an LDL cholesterol target of less than 70 mg per deciliter or ...to a target range of 90 to 110 mg per deciliter. At a median follow-up of 3.5 years, the incidence of a composite cardiovascular end point was 12% lower in the lower-target group than in the higher-target group. The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage did not differ significantly between the two groups.
A theoretically based base course thickness design method for unpaved roads was developed in the companion paper. This paper presents a calibration of the design method using data from field wheel ...load tests and laboratory cyclic plate loading tests on unreinforced and reinforced base courses. The constants in the design method are determined during the calibration. The calibrated design method is used for analyzing the test data through three case studies. In addition, the design procedures and a design example are provided in this paper to demonstrate the use of the design method.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FGGLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective: To evaluate the association between air pollutants and the occurrence of acute stroke from 10-year population-based study. Methods: The daily stroke count was obtained from Dijon Stroke ...Register between March 1994 and December 2004. The register recorded all first-ever strokes among residents of Dijon (150 000 inhabitants) in France, using standard diagnostic criteria. Pollutant concentrations (SO2, CO, NO2, O3 and PM10) were measured hourly. A bi-directional case-crossover design was used to examine the association between air pollutant and stroke onset. The conditional logistic regression model included the meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity), influenza epidemics and holidays. Results: The authors collected 493 large artery infarcts, 397 small artery infarcts, 530 cardio-embolic infarcts, 67 undeterminate infarcts, 371 transient ischaemic attacks and 220 haemorrhagic strokes. For single-pollutant model and for a 10 mg/m3 increase of O3 exposure, a positive association was observed only in men, over 40 years of age, between ischaemic stroke occurrence and O3 levels with 1-day lag, (OR 1.133, 95% CI 1.052 to 1.220) and 0-day lag (OR 1.058, 95% CI 0.987 to 1.134). No significant associations were found for haemorrhagic stroke. In two-pollutant models, the effects of O3 remained significant after each of the other pollutants were included in the model, in particular with PM10. A significant association was observed for ischaemic strokes of large arteries (p = 0.02) and for transient ischaemic attacks (p = 0.01). Moreover, the authors found an exposure-response relations between O3 exposure and ischaemic stroke (test for trend, p = 0.01). An increase in association in men with several cardiovascular risk factors (smoker, dyslipidemia and hypertension) was also observed. Conclusion: These observational data argue for an association between ischaemic stroke occurrence and O3 pollution levels; these results still need to be confirmed by other studies.
In this work, the wildland fire that occurred near the Suartone village in Corsica is simulated using a hybrid model that combines the Small World Network model, the flame radiation model and ...macroscopic semi-physical properties of the fuel. Observed and simulated fires are compared in terms of the rate of spread and contour of the front. An agreement is found between simulated and observed contours with a deviation of 4% from the observed total spreading time. An agreement is also obtained on a qualitative basis between the calculated spread rates and the observed trends at intermediate phases. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the present model based on a fractional factorial design is realized partially on the rate of spread confirmed that ignition temperature is the most influencing parameter, followed closely by the fuel load and the radiant fraction. This analysis allows also estimating the maximum error on the rate of spread of about 11% for 5% variation of these parameters.
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