Background: Oxaliplatin causes oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN). Because OIPN reduces patients' quality of life (QOL), the development of preventive agents against OIPN is an ...important area of research. In this study, we searched for preventive drugs against OIPN by drug repositioning, using large-scale medical data, and experimentally validated the findings with neuron-like cells and OIPN rat models.Methods and Results: First, we searched for approved drugs that cancel the gene expression change caused by oxaliplatin, using the drug discovery tool LINCS, and found 23 approved drugs that met the requirements. Candidate drugs were then evaluated for their mitigating effects on OIPN, using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, and Drug X was found to significantly reduce the risk of patients developing OIPN. Using PC12 cells, we observed significant improvement in oxaliplatin-associated axonal damage with Drug X treatment. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that Drug X significantly reduced the expression of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy in OIPN rat models.Conclusion: This study suggested that drug repositioning of Drug X could allow it to be used as a preventive agent for OIPN.
Introduction and aims: Skeletal muscle atrophy is often observed in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. However, the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy in CRF has remained unclear. Iron ...is an essential trace metal for all living organisms. On the other hand, excessive iron catalyzes the formation of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether iron is involved in CRF-related skeletal muscle atrophy.Methods: In this study, we divided 8-weeks-old C57BL/6J mice into two groups: vehicle-treated group (control mice) and adenine-injected group (CRF mice).Results: Iron content was elevated in the skeletal muscle in CRF mice. Although the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 did not change, the expression of transferrin receptor and ferroportin were downregulated in the skeletal muscle in CRF mice. The expression of ferritin heavy chain and ferritin light chain were upregulated in the skeletal muscle in CRF mice. CRF mice showed increased oxidative stress in the skeletal muscles.Conclusions: These results suggest that iron accumulation mediated oxidative stress has the potential to accelerate skeletal muscle atrophy in CRF.
As for the liquid crystal display manufacture, the rubbing method has been widely used as an alignment treatment method. The rubbing scratches occur on the alignment film by directly rubbed with ...cloth on it. It supposed to generate relating the hardness of alignment film, however, the evaluation for the liquid crystal displays with regarded to the hardness of alignment film has not been investigated yet. In this study, the pretilt angle and the twist angle by means of ellipsometry and the surface free energy for the planar alignment film will be totally investigated from the viewpoint of Vickers hardness.
BACKGROUND
We report a case of dissecting middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm causing intracerebral hemorrhage 4 years after the non-hemorrhagic onset.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 30-year-old male was ...diagnosed with an unruptured dissecting MCA aneurysm after a severe pulsating headache in August 1993. Angiography revealed dilatation of the distal portion of the temporo-occipital artery. During 2 years of follow-up, there were no significant changes on magnetic resonance imaging. In August 1997, he became comatose because of massive intracerebral hemorrhage caused by a dilated fusiform dissecting aneurysm. Emergency surgery and postoperative mild hypothermia resulted in full recovery.
CONCLUSION
To date only 30 cases of dissecting MCA aneurysm have been reported and for unruptured aneurysms, surgical intervention was not chosen. However, the present case strongly suggests that long-term follow-up is necessary in patients with unruptured dissecting aneurysms of the anterior circulation, especially those with ectatic components.
BACKGROUND
We present the case of an elderly patient with a retro-odontoid soft tissue mass associated with atlanto-axial subluxation.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital ...with progressive motor weakness in his right arm and neck pain. Radiological examinations revealed atlantoaxial subluxation and diffuse degenerative changes. Cervical MRI revealed a syrinx at the C1 level and a retro-odontoid soft tissue mass that severely compressed the spinal cord. The mass was of low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Conservative therapy could not stop the progression of his symptoms, so posterior decompression via a laminectomy of C1 and occipitocervical fixation was performed. These procedures resulted in an improvement of his neurological condition and in reduction of the mass and the compression of the spinal cord.
CONCLUSION
The patient lacked any specific conditions that might have caused chronic atlantoaxial subluxation. The degenerative changes alone might have provoked chronic atlantoaxial subluxation and a subsequent retro-odontoid soft tissue mass. In patients with this condition, posterior fixation without direct removal of the mass should be the first choice for surgical intervention.
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